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Health planning in this paper is considered as a developmental process in which different types of planning appear at different times. These types are discussed and the place in the complex health care system developing in the United States is assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictions that measles would be eradicated through vaccination have not been fulfilled. The reasons for this failure are analyzed in this paper, and the possibilities for successful action against measles are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following six papers examine a broad range of disease processes and relevant social conditions, such as urban living, social disorganization, poverty, socioeconomic status, and emotional conflict and instability, and show that much illness and death is caused, directly and indirectly, by social and personality factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What changes in public health nursing service in the home have taken place as result of crisis situations in various American cities? This paper based on mail questionnaire responses presents some tentative answers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a case study of the satisfactory results that can be obtained when local health departments communicate and cooperate with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the issues concerning the training and deployment of social work manpower in the U.S. Manpower problems involved in providing health and medical care services to the total population of the country has, for the first, been recognized by health professionals, the consumers of services and policy-makers. Another concern in the country's health system is the significant changes in the organization and structure of the health and mental health services, which will have great impact on the ultimate delivery of service.

The article offers information on the challenges faced by the American Public Health Association on the development of the association's Medical Care Section in the U.S. On November 10, 1948, the American Public Health Association's Governing Council voted to approve the petition requesting the establishment of a Medical Care Section. In 1972, the association expanded their health services because of the changes on their needs and demands. In 1920, the association created a committee to study the municipal health departments and determine the extent of variation on the health services and procedures offered in a specific community.

The article focuses on the development of neighborhood health center approach to health care delivery in the U.S. The neighborhood health centers have proliferated under a variety of federal grant-in-aid programs and private sources of support. It was mentioned that neighborhood health center approach demands an increasing emphasis on cost-effective management of neighborhood health centers and increased revenue generation activities. In addition, changes in federal health service funding policies have necessitated a reevaluation of sources of future support for neighborhood health centers.

Presents several letters to the editor. Comment on the two "planning" articles "The Application of a Model for Health Care Service in a Rural Setting," by Rhesa L. Penn and "Changing State Laws Regulating Health Manpower," by Steven Mosow, published in the January 1973 issue of the "American Journal of Public Health"; Discussion of an article related to the lactose intolerance in the nonwhite population, published in the November 1972 issue of the "American Journal of Public Health"; Focus on the association between abnormal lactose tolerance tests and milk rejection in Negroes.

The article presents a model for personnel planning as well as the establishment in a family planning service in the U.S. It has been focused on the capability of the planning service in dealing the patients. It gives explanation as to the use of this service in the required personnel. It has been observed that various personnel in a family planning clinic are not interchangeable. This shows that the nurse cannot execute the duties of the doctor. It also indicates that a clinic where doctors are fully occupied, an increase in the number of nurses would not contribute anything to the output.

The author reflects on the activities of the American Public Health Associations (APHA) that were intended to advance the cause of community health services in the U.S. It cites some of APHA's documented activities such as the Committee on Administrative Practices, the Health Bulletin Service, and the APHA Newsletter. According to the author, the documentation of the organization's activities will provide the basic material for a story of its past services.

The article focuses on the association of population density and mobility in the etiology of physical disease. It was found out that a researcher tend to focus on sociological or psychological characteristics abstractly. It has been stressed that during the investigation, each discipline concentrates on the relevant personality demands of occupation. Population density is considered to be another concept in the investigation. Stress, anomie, social or cultural mobility were the behavioral variables of diseases.

The article discusses several myths and misconceptions underlying nutritional and health care programs in the U.S. Medical myths have led to the development of health care programs as well as the abolishment of some programs believed to have negative physiological effects. Many health programs developed by the federal government and medical organizations are believed to prevent diseases and responsible for the marked drop in mortality rates and the population boost. However, these myths and misconceptions have greatly affected the design and execution of health programs which has real medical relevance.

The article investigates the effectiveness of nurse clinicians' service delivery in the U.S. In this study, the researchers compare the effectiveness of nurse clinicians with that of physicians with regard to health status of the patients, time spent with the health provider, and time spent in the clinic. The general approach and evaluative measures utilized in examining these areas should be applicable in the study of the effectiveness of other health care providers. The investigator found patient interviews effective in obtaining information of patients' perceived health status. The patient questionnaire or similar patient interviews should be administered to patients in other studies to obtain information about their knowledge and behavior relevant to service delivery.

The change in recent times from acute to chronic patterns of morbidity necessitates a corresponding restructuring of the medical profession to eliminate the anachronistic division of medicine into curative and preventive branches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a survey which identifies the smoking behavior of American Public Health Association (APHA) members in the U.S. The association conducted the survey in order to determine how they could best contribute to the goal of decreasing cigarette smoking within the country. It has shown additional evidence that health professionals' own smoking behavior is related to their attitudes and actions in urging a change in the smoking behavior of those to whom they give care. In addition, the said survey presented the percentage of APHA members who ever tried to persuade someone to stop smoking.

The article discusses the potential and role of podiatry in community health programs in the U.S. The author emphasized on the education of the podiatrist, his activities in various health programs and related matters. Podiatry is the smallest of the medical profession categories. However, podiatric education has reacted sharply to societal needs, bringing new emphasis to present health problems. The health system is faced with the necessity for providing both quality and quantity care at a time when trained medical manpower is in short supply.

The article focuses on the health-related housing and sanitation problems in the U.S. These problems had to do with the absence of the public domain service systems such as portable water, sewerage and solid waste disposal and were aggravated by pressures of household crowding resulting from the shortage of suitable dwelling units for migrants from countryside areas. It was mentioned that severe health and safety burdens are now imposed on people living with poorly functioning boilers, broken plumbing systems, rotating window frames and missing window guards, harborages for insects and rodents, and others.

Various physical and social effects of noise exposure were used to formulate five possible criteria. The five are presented and discussed, and the authors conclude that these are sufficient data to develop some of the quantitative criteria for community programs to control noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal services in medicine and public health play an important and sometimes determining role in the management of several medical and socio-medical problems. The role is particularly striking in disadvantaged and low income communities. Lead poisoning, child abuse, involuntary mental commitment and housing code violations are specific examples. A legal advocacy program as a component of medical care in such settings is thus to be strongly championed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the use of political platforms for health issues in the U.S. It is commonly found that public and private interests does not appropriately represent their constituencies when they fail to participate in the platform process. The platform process is divided into three closely related phases including preparation, participation, and propitiation. The first phase starts prior to the platform committee hearings when a platform is drafted by appointed writers. The health planks of the political parties are considered as the predictor instrument for the introduction of new health programs or policies. Since 1952, the chief parties of the U.S. have had good records when it came to transforming these programs into action legislation.

A report is presented giving up-to-date information on State Boards of Health covering composition, functions, method of appointment, term of office, professional representation, consumer representation, recent changes, and a number of other topics. This is a useful review for all concerned with the health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three directions in health policy in the United States (health maintenance organizations, allied health personnel, social reform) are discussed in terms of strengths' weaknesses and implications. The author provides much food for thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information related to public health services in the U.S. Every woman in the country should receive safe, effective, and legal abortion services from health agencies with the supervision of competent and well-trained physicians. Margaret B. Dolan, professor and head nurse of the Department of Public Health Nursing was appointed as the 98th president of the American Public Health Association (APHA). Paul B. Cornely, assistant to the executive medical officer of the United Mine Workers of America Welfare and Retirement Fund, has received Sedgwick Memorial Medal for his distinguished service in public health.

This author argues that health care delivery should continue under voluntary nonprofit auspices as far as possible and that the health system should adopt appropriate modern managerial and organizational approaches to achieve greater economy and effectiveness. Decentralized planning with consumer participation is the preferred approach and must be kept viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report presents observations and conclusions on the free clinics operating in Chicago, and offers generalizations on the free clinic movement in the United States, as well as its relation, present and potential, to the changing health care delivery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking a critical view of national health insurance, the author asserts that it is not a popular movement but rather a means of providing public subsidies for financially shaky elements of the health power structure. An alternative plan is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mail survey dealing with abortion coverage in the United States under Title 19 was conducted with State Commissioners of Health and Welfare of the 55 states and Territories. The results are reported and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changing patterns of laboratory utilization by physicians in prepaid group practice are analyzed. Significant differences among physicians are reported and only partially explained. The findings raise questions to be answered by further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quite a few people in public health have been thinking what Dr. Freedman says, and are wondering where we are really going. The fragmentation and the attitudes to which he addresses himself must be seen in terms of the need for development of comprehensive health services for all Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor health and low living standards prevail in Chinese-American communities. This report discusses some social and cultural origins of health needs among Chinese-Americans and describes the role of community participation in health programming for one Chinese community, the Chinatown of Boston. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Legal Program on Health Problems of the Poor is discussed in terms of its organization, responsibilities and activities. During its short existence of only a few years it has developed and utilized a number of legal tools and become involved in a wide range of health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three referral patterns in a comprehensive health care delivery program are described and analyzed. Findings are discussed and interpreted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational ill health is still a major American health problem. The neighborhood health center as a group practice unit providing comprehensive medical care has an important potential role in the field of occupational health. This role is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a review of programs in the New York City Health Department that have to do with responsibilities relating to the provision of health care services. It is believed that such activities will be regular functions of many municipal health departments during the 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the significant anthropological relationship between behavior and disease in the U.S. History accounts that there has been an increasing interest in this linkage among the biological and cultural anthropologists. While the biological anthropologists administered disease and microevolution problems, cultural anthropologists dealt with folk taxonomies and social adjustments of diseases. It could be noted that the interactions of biology, sociocultural system, environment and other relevant variables are considered in human ecosystems approach. Moreover, modern medical knowledge is important in traditional societies due to its empirical effects upon native health.

The article discusses the cooperative efforts of the state and federal animal health officials to combat bovine tuberculosis in the U.S. The government made changes in program in order to prevent the eradication effort from degenerating into a static control program. National program statistics and studies of current outbreaks have shown the need for better surveillance and condemnation of all exposed cattle in herds with spreading infection. It was also mentioned that detailed epidemiological investigations are essential to finding and eliminating the remaining foci of disease.

What effect has Medicare had on the provision of health services by a number of community health resources? In answering this question, major attention is given to community general hospitals, although other providers are mentioned. A number of effects are noted but generally there has been a relative lack of coordination so far of the different resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores some practical difficulties that have emerged concerning the status of paraprofessionals or lay mental workers in the U.S. These difficulties include their utilization and selection, job roles, identification problems and troubles concerning research and evaluation. In practice, most paraprofessionals are potential consumers of community mental health services like the poor and the black. There do not seem to be very many middle and upper class paraprofessionals. The article also proposes a greater emphasis to be placed on middle class volunteer workers.