6 results on '"DESCRIPTIVE statistics"'
Search Results
2. Ethnicity and Postmigration Health Trajectory in New Immigrants to Canada.
- Author
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Kim, Ii-Ho, Carrasco, Christine, Muntaner, Carles, McKenzie, Kwame, and Noh, Samuel
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IMMIGRANTS , *ACCULTURATION , *ASIANS , *CHI-squared test , *CHINESE people , *COMPARATIVE studies , *COMPUTER-aided design , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *ETHNIC groups , *HEALTH status indicators , *INTERVIEWING , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *PANEL analysis , *PROBABILITY theory , *REFERENCE values , *RESEARCH funding , *SELF-evaluation , *SEX distribution , *TIME , *DATA analysis , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *REPEATED measures design , *STATISTICAL models , *PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objectives. In this prospective cohort study, we examined the trajectory of general health during the first 4 years after new immigrants' arrival in Canada. We focused on the change in self-rated health trajectories and their gender and ethnic disparities. Methods. Data were derived from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada and were collected between April 2001 and November 2005 by Statistics Canada. We used weighted samples of 3309 men and 3351 women aged between 20 and 59 years. Results. At arrival, only 3.5% of new immigrants rated their general health as poor. Significant and steady increases in poor health were revealed during the following 4 years, especially among ethnic minorities and women. Specifically, we found a higher risk of poor health among West Asian and Chinese men and among South Asian and Chinese women than among their European counterparts. Conclusions. Newly arrived immigrants are extremely healthy, but the health advantage dissipates rapidly during the initial years of settlement in Canada. Women and minority ethnic groups may be more vulnerable to social changes and postmigration settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Marital Status, Duration of Cohabitation, and Psychosocial Well-Being Among Childbearing Women: A Canadian Nationwide Survey.
- Author
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Urquia, Marcelo L., O'Campo, Patricia J., and Ray, Joel G.
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POSTPARTUM depression , *SUBSTANCE abuse risk factors , *INTIMATE partner violence , *WOMEN , *CENSUS , *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DIVORCE , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *INTERVIEWING , *MARITAL status , *MARRIED women , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SINGLE people , *TIME , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DATA analysis , *WELL-being , *CROSS-sectional method , *STATISTICAL models , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objectives. We examined the joint associations of marital status and duration of cohabitation on self-reported intimate partner violence, substance use, and postpartum depression among childbearing women. Methods. We analyzed data from the 2006-2007 Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey, a cross-sectional nationwide sample of 6421 childbearing women. Cohabiting women were married or nonmarried women living with a partner; noncohabiters were single, divorced, or separated women. We further categorized cohabiters by their duration of cohabitation (≤ 2, 3-5, or > 5 years). We used logistic regression to generate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results. About 92% of women were cohabiters. Compared with married women living with a husband more than 5 years, unmarried women cohabiting for 2 years or less were at higher odds of intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.85, 7.56), substance use (AOR = 5.36; 95% CI = 3.06, 9.39), and postpartum depression (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.80); these risk estimates declined with duration of cohabitation. Conclusions. Research on maternal and child health would benefit from distinguishing between married and unmarried cohabiting women, and their duration of cohabitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. School and Community Predictors of Smoking: A Longitudinal Study of Canadian High Schools.
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Lovato, Chris, Watts, Allison, Brown, K. Stephen, Lee, Derrick, Sabiston, Catherine, Nykiforuk, Candace, Eyles, John, Manske, Steve, Campbell, H. Sharon, and Thompson, Mary
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HIGH school students , *BEHAVIOR modification , *IMMIGRANTS , *INCOME , *LONGITUDINAL method , *REGRESSION analysis , *RESEARCH funding , *SALES personnel , *SCHOOL environment , *SCHOOL administration , *SMOKING , *SMOKING cessation , *USER charges , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *SOCIAL context , *PREDICTIVE validity , *DISEASE prevalence , *STATISTICAL models , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Objectives. We identified the most effective mix of school-based policies, programs, and regional environments associated with low school smoking rates in a cohort of Canadian high schools over time. Methods. We collected a comprehensive set of student, school, and community data from a national cohort of 51 high schools in 2004 and 2007. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to predict school and community characteristics associated with school smoking prevalence. Results. Between 2004 and 2007, smoking prevalence decreased from 13.3% to 10.7% in cohort schools. Predictors of lower school smoking prevalence included both school characteristics related to prevention programming and community characteristics, including higher cigarette prices, a greater proportion of immigrants, higher education levels, and lower median household income. Conclusions. Effective approaches to reduce adolescent smoking will require interventions that focus on multiple factors. In particular, prevention programming and high pricing for cigarettes sold near schools may contribute to lower school smoking rates, and these factors are amenable to change. A sustained focus on smoking prevention is needed to maintain low levels of adolescent smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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5. Prevalence of Abuse and Violence Before, During, and After Pregnancy in a National Sample of Canadian Women.
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Daoud, Nihaya, Urquia, Marcelo L., O'Campo, Patricia, Heaman, Maureen, Janssen, Patricia A., Smylie, Janet, and Thiessen, Kellie
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SURVEYS , *CHI-squared test , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DOMESTIC violence , *INDIGENOUS peoples of the Americas , *INTERVIEWING , *MOTHERS , *PREGNANCY , *PUERPERIUM , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SEX crimes , *SINGLE parents , *TIME , *SECONDARY analysis , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *INFORMATION-seeking behavior , *DISEASE prevalence , *SEXUAL partners , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objectives. We describe the prevalence of abuse before, during, and after pregnancy among a national population-based sample of Canadian new mothers. Methods. We estimated prevalence, frequency, and timing of physical and sexual abuse, identified category of perpetrator, and examined the distribution of abuse by social and demographic characteristics in a weighted sample of 76 500 (unweighted sample = 6421) Canadian mothers interviewed postpartum for the Maternity Experiences Survey (2006-2007). Results. Prevalence of any abuse in the 2 years before the interviews was 10.9% (6% before pregnancy only, 1.4% during pregnancy only, 1% postpartum only, and 2.5% in any combination of these times). The prevalence of any abuse was higher among low-income mothers (21.2%), lone mothers (35.3%), and Aboriginal mothers (30.6%). In 52% of the cases, abuse was perpetrated by an intimate partner. Receiving information on what to do was reported by 61% of the abused mothers. Conclusions. Large population-based studies on abuse around pregnancy can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse and women at high risk for abuse. Before and after pregnancy may be particularly important times to monitor risk of abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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6. The Impact of Changes in Job Strain and Its Components on the Risk of Depression.
- Author
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Smith, Peter M. and Bielecky, Amber
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MENTAL depression risk factors , *WORK environment & psychology , *SURVEYS , *CONTROL (Psychology) , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *STATISTICAL correlation , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *JOB stress , *LABOR mobility , *LONGITUDINAL method , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DATA analysis , *SECONDARY analysis , *SOCIAL support , *REPEATED measures design , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objectives. We assessed the impact of changes in dimensions of the psychosocial work environment on risk of depression in a longitudinal cohort of Canadian workers who were free of depression when work conditions were initially reported. Methods. Using a sample (n=3735) from the Canadian National Population Health Survey, we examined the effects of changes in job control, psychological demands, and social support over a 2-year period on subsequent depression. We adjusted models for a number of covariates, including personal history of depression. Results. Respondents with increased psychological demands were more likely to have depression over the following 2 years (odds ratio=2.36; 95% confidence interval=1.14, 4.88). This risk remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, gender, marital status, presence of children, level of education, chronic health conditions, subclinical depression when work conditions were initially assessed, family history of depression, and personal history of depression. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that changes in psychological demands have a stronger influence than changes in job control on the onset of depression, highlighting the importance of not assuming an interaction between these 2 components of job strain when assessing health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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