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Objective  To evaluate if in high-risk non-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-treated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors, ventilatory time (VT) is correlated to and can be used as clinical marker of neurodevelopmental delay at 2 years of age. Study Design  Cohort study was conducted between 2008 and 2012. Mental, motor, and language development were assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III. The correlation between VT and neurodevelopmental outcome (NDO) was analyzed using Pearson's test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the accuracy and best cutoff value of VT to predict the risk of neurodevelopmental delay. Statistical significance was set at p  < 0.05. Results  A total of 49 patients form the subject of this study. VT during first admission was inversely correlated with cognitive ( r  = -0.4116; p  = 0.0033), motor ( r  = -0.4241; p  = 0.0024), and language development ( r  = -0.3564; p  = 0.0119). Using ROC curve analysis, VT was a significant predictor for neurodevelopmental delay in the cognitive (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.864, sensitivity: 100; specificity: 66.67; p  < 0.0001) and motor (AUC: 0.902; sensitivity: 100; specificity: 73.17; p  < 0.0001) scales, but not in the language scale. The best cutoff value for both scales was 9 days. Conclusion  Within a population of high-risk non-ECMO-treated CDH survivors, VT appears to retain its validity as a clinical marker of adverse NDO in cognitive and motor domains., (Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.)

Objective: To describe short-term neurodevelopmental outcome of infants operated on for congenital anomalies (CA) and assess the impact of type of CA on the outcome., Study Design: From 2008 to 2010 newborns operated on for CA were enrolled in a cross-sectional follow-up study including three distinct groups: infants of 6 months (group A), infants of 12 months (group B), and children of 24 months (group C). Each group was divided into five subgroups: (1) esophageal atresia; (2) congenital diaphragmatic hernia; (3) midgut malformations; (4) abdominal wall defects; (5) colorectal malformations. Each group of patients underwent a neurodevelopmental evaluation with Bayley III., Results: In all, 150, 156, and 84 babies were enrolled in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Mean (standard deviation) Mental Scale score was 94.65 (8.75), 98.76 (11.03), and 100.60 (12.04) in groups A, B, and C. Mean (standard deviation) Motor Scale score was 96.89 (11.62), 99.23 (14.83), and 103.60 (12.90) in groups A, B, and C. No significant differences were found among the five subgroups considered., Conclusion: Regardless of type of malformation, short-term neurodevelopmental outcome of children with gastrointestinal anomalies including diaphragmatic hernia falls within normal range, suggesting that neither being born with a CA nor its type is per se a risk factor for neurodevelopmental delay., (Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.)