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Objective  Antenatal and early neonatal nutritional environment may influence later metabolic health. Infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have higher risk for childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Leptin and adiponectin are known biomarkers for MetS and may guide interventions to reduce later obesity. We sought to examine the relationship between birthweight, early infancy feeding practices, and biomarkers for MetS in offspring of women with mild GDM. Study Design  Secondary analysis of a prospective observational follow-up study on the offspring of women who participated in a multicenter randomized treatment trial on mild GDM. Children were evaluated by research coordinators and biospecimens collected at the age of 5 to 10. Plasma concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were compared between large for gestational age (LGA) and average birthweight (AGA) infants, and according to whether solid foods were introduced early (<6 months of age) or at the recommended age (≥6 months of age). Multivariable analysis adjusted for fetal sex, race/ethnicity, and maternal body mass index. Results  Leptin and adiponectin were measured in 336 plasma samples. In bivariate analysis, compared with AGA children, LGA children had lower leptin (5.0 ng/mL [3.6–6.0] vs. 5.8 ng/mL [4.5 = 6.6], p  = 0.01) and similar adiponectin (6.3 µg/mL [5.1–7.9] vs. 6.4 µg/mL [5.3–8.6], p  = 0.49) concentrations. Maternal/child characteristics were similar between the early/delayed solid feeding groups. Leptin and adiponectin concentrations were similar in the early fed and delayed feeding groups (5.8 ng/mL [4.6–6.7] vs. 5.6 ng/mL [4.2–6.6], p  = 0.50 and 6.4 µg/mL [5.4–8.1] vs. 6.4 µg/mL [5.1–8.8], p  = 0.85, respectively). After controlling for covariates, children who were LGA and AGA at birth had similar leptin concentrations. Conclusion  Birthweight and early infancy feeding practice are not associated with alterations in leptin and adiponectin in children of women with mild GDM. Key Points Adipocytokines are markers of metabolic status. Children of women with mild GDM may be at risk for MetS. Biomarkers similar in LGA and AGA groups. Biomarkers similar in early and delayed solid-fed groups. Nonhuman milk does not modify effect of feeding practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective  We sought to determine if maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for neonatal respiratory morbidity and to determine if increasing BMI decreased the efficacy of betamethasone (BMZ). Study Design  This was a secondary analysis of the Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids trial, double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 2,831 women between 34 0/7 and 36 5/7 weeks who received BMZ or a matching placebo. We compared the rate of neonatal respiratory morbidity among prepregnancy BMI classes in both the placebo and treatment groups. We also stratified the treatment effect by maternal BMI at the time of delivery. Results  A total of 2,822 women were identified with maternal weight recorded at delivery; 2,740 women also had self-reported prepregnancy weight available. When stratified by prepregnancy BMI class, there was no difference in neonatal respiratory morbidity in the BMZ or in placebo groups. When analyzed by BMI at delivery, there was no difference in the rate of neonatal respiratory morbidity, and BMI was not a predictor of treatment response (odds ratio = 1.00, 95% confidence interval = 0.99–1.02). Conclusion  Maternal prepregnancy BMI is not associated with late preterm neonatal respiratory morbidity. Maternal obesity does not decrease the efficacy of BMZ for preventing late preterm neonatal respiratory morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]