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Background/aims: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of AMG416 (etelcalcitide), a novel peptide agonist of the calcium (Ca)-sensing receptor given intravenously (IV) after each hemodialysis session for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).Methods: Adult subjects with SHPT on hemodialysis enrolled in a 12-week, dose titration (parent) study followed by an open-label extension phase. AMG416 was administered IV, thrice weekly starting at 5 mg/session and titrated based on the subject's parathyroid hormone (PTH) and albumin-corrected Ca (cCa) to target a PTH of 150-300 pg/ml. Efficacy (percent PTH change from baseline to the efficacy analysis period during the parent study) and safety (open-label extension phase) endpoints were evaluated.Results: Baseline (n = 37) mean (standard error [SE]) PTH was 853 (106 pg/ml). The mean (95% CI) percent change from baseline to the efficacy analysis period in PTH concentration was -53.6% (-60.8, -46.4). The proportion of subjects with ≥30% reduction in PTH from baseline to the efficacy assessment period (EAP) was 89% (32/36; 95% CI 73.9, 96.9). Results by the baseline PTH subgroup (≤700 vs. >700 pg/ml) were comparable for both analyses. The proportion of subjects achieving a PTH ≤300 pg/ml was 56% (n = 20/36) at the efficacy assessment period. The mean (SE) percent changes from baseline to EAP were observed for cCa -15% (1.0%) and phosphorus -10% (3.3%). Adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. The PTH reductions achieved in the parent study were maintained in the open-label extension phase.Conclusion: AMG416 was well tolerated and appears to be an effective agent for the treatment of SHPT in patients on hemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]