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Hand-wrist radiography is the gold standard for the assessment of skeletal age (SA) and the assignment of biological maturation (BM) status. However, its practical use in the field is questioned, prompting the development of anthropometric equations to estimate BM. However, there is no consensus on the reliability of these equations in relation to hand-wrist X-rays.To test the reliability of the BM estimated from predictive equations with the results of hand-wrist X-rays.One-hundred forty-four young athletes (38%-males, 62%-females; 12.3 ± 1.4 years) were recruited. SA was assessed by analyzing X-rays of the hand-wrist using the Greulich-Pyle protocol. SA was predicted using the anthropometric equations of Cabral and Macêdo. By subtracting chronological age from SA, a measure of BM or biological age (BA) was computed. In addition, a BA of years from peak height velocity (PHV) was predicted using the anthropometric equations of Mirwald and Moore.Relative to X-ray, Cabral's equations showed high reliability in estimating BM in both sexes (p .0001) while Macêdo's equations showed substantial reliability or males (p .0001) only. Mirwald and Moore's equations showed weak reliability (p .05 and p = .043, respectively).The prediction of SA using anthropometric equations was found to be reliable in categorizing individuals as late, synchronized, and/or early maturers in both sexes. However, the predictive equations of years from PHV only reliably categorized late and synchronized maturation stages in males and the synchronized maturers in females. more...

Background The body adiposity index (BAI), uses anthropometry to estimate percent body fat (%F). However, previous studies have shown that the BAI has limited accuracy for children and adolescents. Objective We propose to develop and validate an adjusted BAI for use in male children and adolescents from 7 to 17 years of age. Methods The sample consisted of 141 physically active male children and adolescents (age: 12.5 ± 2.14). The %F was determined by X-ray dual energy absorptometry equipment (DXA) as the standard method and by BAI, using an equation that uses height and hip circumference. Arithmetic modeling was used to adjust the structure of the BAI mathematical model. Results The BAI arithmetic adjustment was successful, resulting in the mathematical model named in the present study of adjusted body adiposity index (BAIADJ ). BAI and BAIADJ correlated with DXA (r ≤ .70, p .05). Conclusion The adjusted model of the body adiposity index proves to be an effective tool for the analysis of the fat percentage in young males. In addition, it demonstrated significant degrees of agreement and validity in relation to DXA. more...

BACKGROUND It is important to clarify the association of lean and fat mass between children and adolescents considering the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in this age group. The aim of this study was to verify the association between the body adiposity index (BAI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) methods for analyzing body composition, as well as analyzing the validity of BAI to verify the percentage of fat in children and adolescents. METHODS The sample was composed of 106 children and adolescents, 44 females (age: 11.5 ± 1.8 years) and 62 evils (13.6 ± 2.6 years). The body fat (%F) was measured using DXA and the doubly indirect BAI body fat estimation technique. RESULTS The BAI and DXA estimates of %F were strongly correlated (boys: r = .71, P more...