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Objectives: To determine the effects of 5 different numerical response scales—continuous-open, dichotomous-yes/no, and continuous-closed numerical (CCN) with 3 different ranges of response frequencies (low, medium, high)—on the proportion of respondents defined as regular exercisers. Methods: We randomly assigned 500 undergraduate students to complete 1 of the 5 numerical response scales. Results. The percentage of participants defined as regular exercisers ranged from 14% in the CCN low-frequency group to 45% in the CCN high-frequency group [χ² (4, 500) = 28.90; P<.001]. Conclusions: The different numerical response scales have a significant impact on the estimated percentage of regular exercisers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine demographic, medical, social cognitive, and environmental predictors of aerobic physical activity and resistance training in a population sample of adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Two hundred forty-four (244) participants completed questionnaires with a 3-month follow-up. Multiple and logistic regression models examined predictors of aerobic activity and resistance training. Results: Several factors were associated with higher levels of both aerobic physical activity and resistance training; self-efficacy was the strongest predictor for both modes of activity. Conclusions: The findings can guide physical activity promotion interventions and programs for this population, profiling those who are least active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine physical activity (PA) self-efficacy correlates in breast cancer survivors. Methods: Mail survey of 192 breast cancer survivors. Results: Structural equation analyses demonstrated significant and direct associations for perceived PA barriers (β=-.29), fatigue (β=-.24), social support (β=.12), enjoyment (β=.12), and prediagnosis PA (β=.11) with barriers self-efficacy. Prediagnosis PA (β=.51), social support (β=.26), and barriers self-efficacy (β.13) demonstrated direct associations with current leisure PA. Task self-efficacy analysis results were similar except perceived barriers and prediagnosis PA were not associated with task self-efficacy. Conclusions: Multiple potential efficacy correlates exist and may vary based on the aspect of self-efficacy examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the correlation between extreme sport/adventure activities (ESAA) participation and medical, demographic and behavioral variables in gynecologic cancer survivors. It discusses the ESAA benefits of self-discovery and personal challenge to overcome cancer-linked obstacles and adversity, findings indicating that cervical and ovarian cancer survivors are more likely to engage in ESAA and the themes of physical capability and financial resources in ESAA participation.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and correlates of meeting the public health strength exercise guidelines (?2 days/week) in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Methods: A random sample of 600 CRC survivors in Alberta, Canada, completed a mailed questionnaire as­sessing medical, demographic, and be­havioral variables and participation in strength exercise. Results: About a quar­ter (25.5%) of CRC survivors were meet­ing strength exercise guidelines. In mul­tivariate analysis, meeting guidelines was associated with being male (p = .052), married (p = .079), a drinker (p = .006), in better health (p < .001), nonsmoking (p = .023), and nonobese (p = .010). Conclu­sions: Interventions to increase strength exercise participation in CRC survivors are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To examine the determinants of physical activity (PA) in young adult cancer survivors (YACS). Methods: A survey of 588 YACS in Alberta, Canada, assessed PA, medical and demographical factors, and theory of planned behavior variables. Results: Path analysis explained 38% (P<.001) of the variance in PA with significant contributions from intention, planning, affective attitude, education, and general health. In turn, 56% (P<.001) of the variance in intention was explained by perceived behavioral control, instrumental attitude, and affective attitude. Conclusion: PA interventions in YACS should focus on developing strong intentions by targeting perceived behavioral control, instrumental attitude, and affective attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the moderating influence of ethnicity on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in the exercise domain and to generate common and ethnic-specific underlying accessible beliefs. Methods: 90 Caucasian and 94 African American undergraduate students completed a TPB questionnaire. Results. Multilevel modeling analyses indicated that ethnicity and gender interacted by moderating the relationships between exercise intention and effective (β=-0.44) and instrumental (βeta=0.39) attitudes. Furthermore, common and ethnic-specific underlying accessible beliefs were identified. Conclusion: When exercise interventions are developed, ethnicity and gender may need to be considered when dealing with affective and instrumental attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]