5 results
Search Results
2. Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in 6 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Findings From Wave 1 of the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE).
- Author
-
Arokiasamy, Perianayagam, Uttamacharya, Kowal, Paul, Capistrant, Benjamin D., Gildner, Theresa E., Thiele, Elizabeth, Biritwum, Richard B., Yawson, Alfred E., Mensah, George, Maximova, Tamara, Fan Wu, Yanfei Guo, Yang Zheng, Kalula, Sebastiana Zimba, Rodríguez, Aarón Salinas, Espinoza, Betty Manrique, Liebert, Melissa A., Eick, Geeta, Sterner, Kirstin N., and Barrett, Tyler M.
- Subjects
CHRONIC disease diagnosis ,CHRONIC disease risk factors ,CHRONIC disease treatment ,AGING ,ALGORITHMS ,ANGINA pectoris ,ARTHRITIS ,ASTHMA ,CHRONIC diseases ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MENTAL depression ,HEALTH status indicators ,HYPERTENSION ,INCOME ,INTERVIEWING ,LUNG diseases ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,REGRESSION analysis ,SELF-evaluation ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,DISEASE prevalence ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MIDDLE-income countries ,LOW-income countries ,ODDS ratio ,CLUSTER sampling - Abstract
In this paper, we examine patterns of self-reported diagnosis of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and prevalences of algorithm/measured test-based, undiagnosed, and untreated NCDs in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. Nationally representative samples of older adults aged ≥50 years were analyzed from wave 1 of the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (2007-2010; n = 34,149). Analyses focused on 6 conditions: angina, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, depression, and hypertension. Outcomes for these NCDs were: 1) self-reported disease, 2) algorithm/measured test-based disease, 3) undiagnosed disease, and 4) untreated disease. Algorithm/measured test-based prevalence of NCDs was much higher than self-reported prevalence in all 6 countries, indicating underestimation of NCD prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. Undiagnosed prevalence of NCDs was highest for hypertension, ranging from 19.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.1, 21.3) in India to 49.6% (95% CI: 46.2, 53.0) in South Africa. The proportion untreated among all diseases was highest for depression, ranging from 69.5% (95% CI: 57.1, 81.9) in South Africa to 93.2% (95% CI: 90.1, 95.7) in India. Higher levels of education and wealth significantly reduced the odds of an undiagnosed condition and untreated morbidity. A high prevalence of undiagnosed NCDs and an even higher proportion of untreated NCDs highlights the inadequacies in diagnosis and management of NCDs in local health-care systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. 2018 Articles of the Year, Reviewers of the Year, and Figure of the Year.
- Subjects
INFLUENZA epidemiology ,AWARDS ,EPIDEMICS ,POPULATION geography ,PUBLIC health ,SERIAL publications - Abstract
The article announces the 2018 10 best articles of the year, 10 best reviewers of the year, and the best figure of the year published in the "American Journal of Epidemiology."
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Pregnancy Outcomes, Infant Mortality, and Arsenic in Drinking Water in West Bengal, India.
- Author
-
Von Ehrenstein, O. S., Mazumder, D. N. Guha, Hira-Smith, M., Ghosh, N., Yuan, Y., Windham, G., Ghosh, A., Haque, R., Lahiri, S., Kalman, D., Das, S., and Smith, A. H.
- Subjects
ARSENIC content of drinking water ,CONTAMINATION of drinking water ,ARSENIC poisoning ,INFANT mortality ,STILLBIRTH ,PREGNANCY - Abstract
Between 2001 and 2003, the authors studied pregnancy outcomes and infant mortality among 202 married women in West Bengal, India. Reproductive histories were ascertained using structured interviews. Arsenic exposure during each pregnancy, including all water sources used, was assessed; this involved measurements from 409 wells. Odds ratios for spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and infant mortality were estimated with logistic regression based on the method of generalized estimating equations. Exposure to high concentrations of arsenic (≥200 μg/liter) during pregnancy was associated with a sixfold increased risk of stillbirth after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio (OR) = 6.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.54, 24.0; p = 0.01). Arsenic-related skin lesions were found in 12 women who had a substantially increased risk of stillbirth (OR = 13.1, 95% CI: 3.17, 54.0; p = 0.002). The odds ratio for neonatal death was 2.81 (95% CI: 0.73, 10.8). No association was found between arsenic exposure and spontaneous abortion (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.38, 2.70) or overall infant mortality (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.43, 4.04). This study adds to the limited evidence that exposure to high concentrations of arsenic during pregnancy increases the risk of stillbirth. However, there was no indication of the increased rates of spontaneous abortion and overall infant mortality that have been reported in some studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Decrements in Lung Function Related to Arsenic in Drinking Water in West Bengal, India.
- Author
-
Von Ehrenstein, Ondine S., Mazumder, D. N. Guha, Yan Yuan, Samanta, Sambit, Balmes, John, Sil, Arabinda, Ghosh, Nilima, Hira-Smith, Meera, Haque, Reina, Purushothamam, Radhika, Lahiri, Sarbari, Das, Subhankar, and Smith, Allan H.
- Subjects
ARSENIC ,PULMONARY function tests ,RESPIRATORY diseases ,WATER pollution ,LUNG diseases - Abstract
During 1998–2000, the authors investigated relations between lung function, respiratory symptoms, and arsenic in drinking water among 287 study participants, including 132 with arsenic-caused skin lesions, in West Bengal, India. The source population involved 7,683 participants who had been surveyed for arsenic-related skin lesions in 1995–1996. Respiratory symptoms were increased among men with arsenic-caused skin lesions (versus those without lesions), particularly “shortness of breath at night” (odds ratio (OR) = 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 7.6) and “morning cough” (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 6.6) in smokers and “shortness of breath ever” (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 0.7, 20.6) in nonsmokers. Among men with skin lesions, the average adjusted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was reduced by 256.2 ml (95% CI: 113.9, 398.4; p < 0.001) and the average adjusted forced vital capacity (FVC) was reduced by 287.8 ml (95% CI: 134.9, 440.8; p < 0.001). In men, a 100-μg/liter increase in arsenic level was associated with a 45.0-ml decrease (95% CI: 6.2, 83.9) in FEV1 (p = 0.02) and a 41.4-ml decrease (95% CI: −0.7, 83.5) in FVC (p = 0.054). Women had lower risks than men of developing skin lesions and showed little evidence of respiratory effects. In this study, consumption of arsenic-contaminated water was associated with respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function in men, especially among those with arsenic-related skin lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.