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The article argues against simultaneous submission of the same manuscript to several scholarly journals. Journal Publications also serve as a primary measure of the relative ranking of economics department and as such help to determine the reputation of economics department and programs at different schools. Another line of criticism has been directed at the decision making processes that journals employ. Specifically, journals have been faulted for discriminating against women and individuals from less prestigious institutions. Such discrimination may take the form of higher rejection rates, fewer requests to revise and resubmit papers, or slower response rates from editors. Journal referees have been biased against empirical results that do not conform to their theoretical perspective. Multiple submissions would also lead to quicker acceptances through elimination of "rejection waiting time" having to wait for one rejection before being able to send a paper to another journal. Under any multiple submission policy a journal would presumably accept a paper and then allow the author a certain period within which to agree to have the paper published in that journal.

These comments focus on some issues raised in the papers by Dimand, Peart and Levy, Cot, and Leonard. These papers are fascinating, but not without weaknesses. It is argued that Dimand's presentation of what he calls the “general principle” of classical economics is misconceived. There is a confusion in this paper between the classical view of equal capacity and the much newer concept of equally rational actual performance. Peart and Levy discuss the idea of unequal capacity for pleasure in Edgeworth, but do not draw a link back to the idea in J. S. Mill of different qualities of pleasure. Cot and Leonard provide informative accounts of the American eugenic movement and its links to progressivism, but with an insufficient degree of distinction between the various positions and agendas that were concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a list of working papers available from the Lincoln Institute about the Institute's land policy agenda. The Lincoln Institute regularly makes available working papers that present the results of new and continuing research on issues related to the Institute's land policy agenda. Most papers are of article length, and many are later published in professional or scholarly journals. The Institute announces a list of papers, as well as a special working paper consisting of abstracts from all in print papers. Some of the papers mentioned include "Ethics of Land Use and the Ideas of Henry George," by Robert V. Andelson, et al; "Wealth, Poverty and Sustainable Development," by David Barkin; etc.

Hayek famously claimed that he would prefer a 'liberal' dictator to 'democratic government lacking in liberalism.' While Hayek's views of the Pinochet regime have generated much controversy, surprisingly little has been written about Hayek's defense of transitional dictatorship. Making use of previously un-translated foreign language archival material, this paper helps shed light on Hayek's views of authoritarianism, totalitarianism, transitional dictatorship, and the Pinochet regime as well as helping to separate Hayekian 'fact' from Hayekian 'fiction'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides insights into the apparent seesaw between the generation of theoretical and empirical economics research over time. A dynamic model considers the incentives of researchers to focus on empirical versus theoretical papers. It yields the main characteristics of the path‐changing of economics research, from theoretical‐intensive to empirical‐focused. The model has two equilibria, one with a higher proportion of theoretical papers and another with a higher proportion of empirical papers. Curiously, the equilibrium with greater theoretical papers is stable, while the one with more empirical papers is a saddle point. This suggests that the current trend of increasing empirical research is unlikely to last. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 30 years after its premiere, Seinfeld continues its run as a seminally popular television show. On October 1, 2021, five‐year streaming rights to the show were purchased by Netflix for $500 million. Set in New York City, where rent control laws have a long history, several episodes of the show consider the trials of apartment living, including shortages, tastes for discrimination by sellers, bribery, search costs, and quality degradation. Seinfeld also illustrates the informal process through which rent‐controlled apartments are advertised (e.g., less advertising under rent control shortage). This paper argues that popular media can be used as an effective pedagogical tool in learning. This paper analyzes four episodes of Seinfeld to help students identify and differentiate the very real costs of rent control. The paper also guides students to appreciate the difficulty in crafting a policy that is free of unintended consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of economic conditions on election outcomes is well established. This paper supplements the standard approach to economic voting by assessing government support from a highly debated perspective of European spaces: Core countries and Periphery countries (Central Eastern European and Southern countries). The paper reveals that the economic conditions perceived by voters in the future are expected to differently affect incumbent government support depending on the macroeconomic position of the country. This paper finds that, contrary to Core countries' electors, voters in periphery countries are keener to support the incumbent governments if the economic outputs are positive. It concludes that positive economic expectations are strongly and positively associated with incumbent government support, regardless of previous vote choice, while negative economic expectations are strongly and negatively associated with government support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on conversion clause in the United States. American monetary history is full of strange happenings and queer events beginning with the resolution of Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1690 explaining the issue of the first paper money. It referred to "the sundry considerable debts" which had been contracted "for maintaining their Majesties" interests against hostile invasions of their French and Indian enemies," the actual fact being that the colony had sent an expedition against Quebec in the expectation that plunder would pay the costs thereof. It is true that the highest prices at which the five-twenty bonds sold on the New York market never exceeded 14 points above par in 1864 and 12 points above in 1865, whereas at the same time the premiums on gold were in the ranges 77-85 and 98-105, respectively. In the years following the war the gap between the premium on the bonds and on gold steadily narrowed. By late 1869 the gap had disappeared and from 1870 on the advantage clearly lay with the bonds, their market premium over par persistently exceeding the gold premium. Senator John Sherman pointed out on the floor of the Senate, March 6, 1876, that even the government's 5 per cent bonds had been "at par with gold for the past five years" while the greenbacks had been "from 6 to 22 per cent below gold."

The status of women in Indian society has been paradoxical emanating from a deeply embedded socially construed gender‐based exploitation owing to historical and sociological reasons. Moreover, the intersectionality of gender and caste has made them one of the marginalized social groups who experience discrimination, exclusion, and exploitation. Plethora of Bollywood movies, and regional cinema narrate the humiliation and exploitation of women in various spheres of their life. Some of the recent Bollywood and regional cinema has successfully attempted to highlight the gender‐based exploitation and exclusion. Therefore, drawing upon an Amazon web series 'Dahad' and a movie 'Kathal‐a jackfruit mystery' the paper tries to explore the struggle, exploitation, discrimination, aspiration, and assertion of women against existing social oppression. Taking the inferences from these two movies, the paper endeavors to seek the answer to the following questions: What are the nature and pattern of gender and caste‐based humiliation of women? How gender and caste intersect in their humiliation and social exclusion? How are women making their own struggle against gender oppression and exploitation in society? What is the tactic they use to negotiate gender discrimination? How are they asserting against gender‐based discrimination? How are they asserting their 'agency' in patriarchal and hierarchical society? What aspire and motivate them to fight for their dignity? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first develops a theoretical model of the returns to daycare, which attempts to show that families enroll their children into daycare based on its expected benefits and costs. The paper then moves to an empirical study that seeks to determine whether enrolling an infant in daycare affects his or her later‐in‐life employment and poverty status. To identify the causal effect of interest, the econometric approach employs a recently developed panel estimator that accommodates the dynamic nature of later‐in‐life employment and income, while also controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. The main finding is that, although infant daycare enrollment appears to correlate with positive later‐in‐life outcomes, addressing potential bias in that link renders the estimated effects highly imprecise, such that one cannot confidently conclude whether daycare helps or hinders later‐in‐life outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies a variation on differences‐in‐differences to the effects of economic freedom in matched bordering metropolitan statistical areas using the Metropolitan Economic Freedom Index. While a great deal of research has explored the relationship between economic freedom and economic performance, less has been done at the local level. We find that economic freedom has a positive effect on several measures of economic performance, but no effect on population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As population increases land rises in value and this causes greater and greater payments to land owners without any contribution to production by them This wrongly deprives producers of increasing amounts of income that they produced and are entitled to As the process proceeds, it threatens the viability of capitalism itself as it lowers profits for the prime movers in the economic system Home ownership in the US is becoming increasingly difficult for young people as the price of land keeps rising Economic progress has been very fast in countries that tax land and seek its equitable distribution and is lagging in those that do not. The high unemployment rates in Europe are related to this unfair distribution of income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the continuous development of China's digital inclusive finance has provided favorable conditions for improving the consumption level of domestic residents and stimulating national economic growth. Based on the theory of financial development and deepening, this paper studies the mechanism and effect of digital inclusive finance on rural residents' consumption and economic growth. The results show that (1) the development of digital inclusive finance can directly promote economic growth. Specifically, the breadth of coverage, the depth of use and the degree of digitization of digital inclusive finance all contribute to economic growth. (2) Digital inclusive finance significantly promotes rural residents' consumption, and rural residents' consumption significantly promotes economic growth, that is, digital inclusive finance can indirectly promote economic growth by promoting rural residents' consumption. (3) When digital inclusive finance is at different levels of development, rural residents' consumption has different effects on economic growth. The higher the development level of digital inclusive finance, the better the promotion effect of rural residents' consumption on economic growth. Therefore, we should continue to promote the development of digital inclusive finance, give full play to the inclusiveness and convenience of digital inclusive finance, and contribute to the promotion of rural residents' consumption and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Morgantown, West Virginia, curbside recycling is available to residents who reside within the city limits. However, residents in Monongalia County who reside outside the Morgantown city limits are expected to bring their recyclables to a drop‐off site which discourages people from recycling in general. Moreover, there exists a disparity between residents within and outside the Morgantown city limits in terms of rights to have access to curbside recycling. This study presents the economic value of curbside recycling at the County level. Furthermore, the paper presents a framework and empirical analysis that separate the value of the improved program as a club good and the value of the program as a public good, using a survey data from Morgantown and Monongalia County in collaboration with a local waste and recycling service provider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study proposes methods for deterring earnings manipulation in Chinese commercial banks, recognizing it as an ongoing problem with the potential to destabilize investors and financial markets. The increasing integration of the global financial system has heightened the importance of addressing this issue, given the systemic risk posed by large individual financial institutions. Utilizing the Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis method (fsQCA) on 139 Chinese commercial banks in 2021, the paper explores factors influencing banks' earnings manipulation behavior. The study reveals several key findings: (1) Factors associated with reducing the likelihood of earnings manipulation in commercial banks are diverse and multifaceted. (2) Multiple paths exist to achieve earnings manipulation, categorized into Resource‐guided, Corporate Governance, Resource and Supervisory Mechanism, Supervisory Mechanism, and Corporate Governance as the main mechanism. Among these, the Supervisory Mechanism exhibits the highest consistency. (3) Hiring "Big Four" accounting firms as auditors emerges as a significant deterrent against earnings manipulation in commercial banks. (4) Banks with powerful major shareholders affiliated with the government or ample resources are effective in deterring earnings manipulation. These two factors are complementary, while a bank's growth prospects and industrial competition serve as substitute factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a survey on the demand for higher education in the U.S. A survey of studies on the demand for higher education circa 1975, made at the University of South Carolina, shows that two approaches have been taken in attempts to assess its magnitudes, one sociological and the other economic. In the investigation, a synthesis of the two approaches is presented and the information from the studies is supplemented by additional evidence from cross-section and time-series data for the U.S. and for South Carolina. The survey of some 18 studies, spanning the period 1965-75, is presented in chronological order, with the main results of the various studies provided in tabular form. The survey occupies the first section of Working Paper No. 76-6 of the Center for Studies in Human Resource Economics, College of Business Administration, University of South Carolina. The working paper gives a detailed report of the investigation. The second section of the paper examines additional cross-sectional data for all South Carolina counties and for the 50 states.

The article focuses on the changing pattern of the newspaper publishing industry. The newspaper supplies the average American with entertainment and information, and helps him to buy intelligently. The cost of newspaper publishing has risen steadily and still higher costs appear in prospect. Competing media has siphoned off advertising revenues. The number of daily newspapers has declined rather persistently since 1909 as a result of mergers and suspensions. With a strong, free press so important to the preservation of democracy, it appears of paramount importance to obtain a clear understanding of the economic problems of newspaper publishing and of the economic trends which have caused these profound changes in the industry. In general, the metropolitan newspaper has only two things to sell, namely, advertising and circulation. The principal operating expenditures of the newspaper fall into four groups labor, raw material, equipment and news and other services. Improved transportation has widened the competitive area of most papers, but this in turn has probably been a factor in reducing the number of papers published in the United States.

Introduces various articles and research papers of the 2001 issue of the "American Journal of Economics and Sociology."

The COVID‐19 pandemic led to extensive new government regulations and lockdown policies that significantly reduced economic freedom across US states. Many of these new pandemic‐related regulatory restrictions on economic freedom varied significantly from state to state but are largely missed by the existing Economic Freedom of North America Report (EFNA). This paper adjusts the Our World in Data COVID‐19 Stringency Index into a state‐level measure of lockdown regulatory freedom and then merges it into the EFNA index to better measure relative economic freedom across US states in 2020. We find significant differences in the relative ranking of economic freedom between states once we adjust for lockdown regulatory restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of exchange rate changes on cultural services trade balances in China, Japan, the United States, United Kingdom, France, and Germany from 2006 to 2015. These six countries represent dominant players whose experiences reflect global impacts. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models test for J‐curve effects. Cultural distance matrices combined with cluster analysis explore how cultural proximity influences trade structures. Results demonstrate a J‐curve effect in China contrasting with a reverse J‐curve in the United States. China and Japan form one cultural trade cluster distinct from a Western bloc of the United States, United Kingdom, and France. This signifies emerging economies have developed unique cultural trade models. The research enriches empirical evidence on exchange rate impacts for understudied cultural services trade. Introducing cultural distance provides a novel perspective and policy insights for emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent prevalence of digital currencies has challenged policymakers as they try to control the supply of money and rein in clandestine activities. Corruption and shadow economy are widely prevalent illegal/unobserved activities that have been hard to eliminate worldwide. These longstanding and entrenched activities have possibly found a new avenue to thrive and evade detection/punishment. So disentangling the nexus between corruption, shadow economy, and digital currencies is important. Using recent cross‐country data, this paper analyzes the interrelationships between corruption, shadow economy, and cryptocurrencies. We argue that a large underground sector in a nation provides a mechanism through which corrupt government officials use cryptocurrencies to conceal their unauthorized earnings. Employing formal mediation analysis, our results show that the positive nexus between corruption and cryptocurrency adoption is mediated by the shadow sector. Quantitatively speaking, three‐fourths of the correlation between corruption and cryptocurrency usage is mediated by the shadow economy. The primary implication of our findings is that effective monitoring of cryptocurrencies should pay attention to policies to control both corruption and the shadow economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on social capital theory, this paper aims to investigate the impact of member enterprises of alien merchant chambers on enterprise innovation, within A‐share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges of China from 2010 to 2020. Additionally, the study seeks to explore the role played by social capital resulting from participation in these alien merchant chambers. Furthermore, we delve into the moderating effects of the number of alien merchant chambers and the degree of marketization in the enterprise's location. Moreover, we analyze the influence of heterogeneity in firm ownership and firm type. Our findings reveal that member enterprises of alien merchant chambers can increase their social capital and consequently promoting innovation; both the quantity of alien merchant chambers and the level of marketization in an enterprise's location positively influence this enhancement. Furthermore, the impact of state‐owned enterprises and non‐high‐tech enterprises on enterprise innovation, following their engagement with alien merchant chambers, surpasses that of non‐state‐owned enterprises and high‐tech enterprises. This research bridges the gap in understanding the corporate governance implications of alien merchant chambers, provides empirical evidence concerning Chinese alien merchant chambers, and addresses inquiries regarding the influence of merchant chambers' social capital. Additionally, it proposes a novel approach for listed companies to overcome resource constraints and to collaboratively pursue development, especially in light of the challenges posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on several papers related to sociology. In the paper by Odulf Schaeffer, "The Mons Pietatis and the Raiffeisen Credit Union," he an interesting account of the history and structure of the co-operative credit union founded by Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen early in the nineteenth I century and of a precursor, the Mons Pietatis, the charitable loan agency promoted by Franciscans in Italian Communes beginning on the eve of the Reformation. The essay concludes with a useful bibliographical note. He emphasizes correctly that the rapacious Italian usurers of the fifteenth century were both Christians — actually, Catholics — and Jews, but by an inadvertence loses sight of this and reproduces uncritically remarks of men of the time who had sought to blame "Jewish financial magnates." In the paper "Sociology in the Contemporary World of Today and Tomorrow," by Howard W. Odum, he indicates the ways in which science can contribute toward the understanding, the direction and the planning of modern society.

The Network of Central Banks and Supervisors for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) has engaged in scenario analysis that estimates a $200/ton carbon tax would be required to transition to net zero carbon by 2050. Using a $200/ton carbon tax as a base, this paper uses input–output (IO) modeling to generate price and revenue effects of a carbon tax. Results from these models, which can only be interpreted as the short‐run, upper‐bound effects of the carbon tax policy, imply that in response to a $200/ton tax on CO2e emissions, carbon‐intensive industries, such as agriculture, extraction, transportation, utilities, and chemicals, may experience price increases in the range of 10‐30 percent. Other industries will also experience price increases, but to a lesser degree, due to increased input costs associated with the tax. In addition, modeling results also suggest that industries facing elastic pricing regimes may face similar‐sized declines in revenues as a consequence of the carbon tax. Rank‐ordered impact results from these models can be utilized by bank supervisors and firms to adequately plan for sectoral‐level transition risk within their lending and/or investment portfolios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This April 2003 issue of "The American Journal of Economics and Sociology" contains a collection of papers with a decidedly quantitative focus that attempt to measure unusual market phenomena. Each essay offers quantitative assessments of what the editor find to be interesting and unusual market phenomena. Consider Professor Stephanie O. Crofton's analysis of college tuition prices. She hypothesized that colleges that refuse to admit men in order to provide an "all women" campus experience would also end up charging higher tuition prices for their educational services. Her reason is that the preference to matriculate to a "male free" environment is held rather intensely by a small group of women. So who is discriminating really? Are the owners of the business, the trustees, certain employees already at work, or the sovereign customers? Consider the case of the professional sports association such as the National Hockey League (NHL). For quite some time the NHL explored ways to boost attendance at its games. In his contribution to this issue, Professor Rodney J. Paul examines the policy changes initiated by the NHL in terms of their quantitative impact on stadium attendance.

Presents an introduction to the April 2001 issue of the "American Journal of Economics and Sociology."

This paper attempts to employ a microeconomic model (industrial‐organization approach to banking) to formalize the concept that banks in an economy may also unilaterally create money, at least initially, rather than passively multiplying the base money exogenously issued by the Central Bank in the money creation process. It shows that in equilibrium, banks may indeed create money (bank deposits) when making loans without relying on the newly issued base money from the Central Bank. Instead, the endogenously created money by banks would cause the Central Bank to endogenously adjust base money to hit the target policy interest rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines convergence among cross‐country shadow economies. Using the Phillips‐Sul (2007, 2009) club convergence approach and data for over 150 countries from 1991 to 2017, the results show evidence against absolute convergence for all shadow economies; however, we find evidence of multiple convergence clubs. In particular, we find evidence for seven distinct convergence clubs and six divergent shadow economies. Each club is characterised by an increasingly larger shadow economy with the countries in club 1 having the largest shadow economy and those in club 7 having the smallest shadow economy. Using a two‐way fixed effects approach, we also find that the determinants of the shadow economy are somewhat conditional on the convergence club. The existence of multiple equilibria suggests that policy makers in their attempt to combat the shadow economy would benefit by considering the different transitional paths associated with the different convergence clubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the practice of scholarly journal editors of demanding exclusive review of manuscripts sent to them. Scholarly journals are the mainstays of scientific communication, and publication in them by academicians is the primary route to promotion, tenure, salary increases, recognition and mobility. The scrutiny and assessment of the publication process is therefore of vital concern to the scientific community. This paper will examine what, in the author's view, is currently the most vexatious problem that arises out of the interdependent, complex, and unequal relationship between scholar and journal editor that of exclusive review. In the 1960s, Derek Price, an eminent student of the scientific community, estimated that the number of scientists and scientific papers in all fields and in all countries doubles about every ten years.

Continuous improvement of technological innovation ability, adjustment of the development strategy, and enhancement of operational performance are of great theoretical and practical significance for logistics enterprises. This paper aims to analyze and evaluate the innovation efficiency of the logistics industry. The study utilizes the static three‐stage DEA model and the dynamic Malmquist index model, considering a total of 12 indicators related to innovation input, output, and environmental variables. A dataset of 2940 entries from 49 listed logistics enterprises from 2017 to 2021 was calculated. The analysis provides insights into the innovation efficiency of logistics enterprises from a static perspective and the innovation total factor productivity from a dynamic perspective and decomposition terms. Based on the analysis of environmental variables by the SFA model, it was found that DEA inefficiency is the combined result of environmental factors and management inefficiency. Environmental variables have both positive and negative effects on innovation. The improvement of the economic development level will lead to excess R&D investment. Increased government simple fund subsidies are not conducive to the efficient allocation of innovation resources within enterprises. The expansion of enterprise scale will increase R&D personnel and investment in fixed assets. A thriving technology market can encourage enterprises to improve their own conversion rate of scientific and technological output and give full play to their innovation ability. The dynamic Malmquist model analysis reveals a recution in the overall innovation efficiency of listed logistics enterprises over 5 years. The changes in total factor productivity and technological progress efficiency of all listed logistics enterprises are synchronized, with most enterprises exhibiting higher technological progress efficiency compared to comprehensive technical efficiency. The total factor productivity of logistics enterprise innovation is mainly affected by comprehensive technical efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a speculative framework suggesting that prediction markets (or its epistemic cousins such as artificial intelligence or forecasting tournaments) may constitute a break in the expansion of human knowledge in a manner similar to the impact of the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions. Just as the scientific understanding of the natural world facilitated the development of useful technologies to move far faster than what is allowed by blind evolution and tinkering, tools such as prediction markets allow for scientific knowledge to move faster than its current evolutionary process. The intellectual bases for these tools, such as the interpretation of probabilities as bets, are relatively recent additions to human knowledge, which may have significant implications for how we evaluate past thinkers, versus what is now possible or may be possible in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stratification economics has emerged as a field that puts historically and institutionally determined intergroup hierarchies at the forefront of distributive analysis. However, most of the existing theoretical and empirical literature has focused on studying the US stratification regime, limiting the potential application of this analytical framework to other geographies. This paper applies the theoretical framework of stratification economics to analyze the Mexican distributive regime. In the process, we show that expanding the regional focus of stratification economics requires incorporating several insights from other traditions of stratification analysis. Furthermore, we show that a stratification economics approach overcomes several pitfalls of more traditional approaches to analyzing the Mexican distributive regime, such as the human capital approach that anchored several public policy interventions deployed at the beginning of the XXIst century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global price increases have reached their highest levels in recent times. Finding the reasons for the price increase is very important for economic stabilization. In this paper, it has been estimated that exorbitant price increases may be related to a free market economy. For this purpose, unlike other studies, a comparative analysis of the impact of the free market economy on prices was conducted. The study covers the period 1990–2020, and using the U.S. economy, which is a free market economy, the relationship between property rights, the size of government in the economy, and prices were examined using the autoregressive distributed lag model. The results show that the free market model has a positive effect on the price increase, while the size of the government's economy does not affect the price increase in the same direction. This study aims to provide a different perspective to policymakers in the fight against price instability, which is one of the most important problems facing the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding couple instability is a topic of social and economic relevance. This paper investigates how the risk of dissolution relates to efforts to solve disagreements. We study whether marital locus of control (a noncognitive trait that captures individual's perception of control over problems within the couple) is associated with the prevalence of relationship instability in the past. We implement a list experiment using the count‐item technique to a sample of current real‐life couples to elicit truthful answers about couple break‐up intentions in the past at the individual level. We find that around 44% of our sample has considered to end their relationship with their current partner at least once in the past. The intention to break‐up is more prevalent among those who score low in marital locus of control, males, low‐income earners, individuals with university studies, and couples without children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walter Block's critique of my paper fails to address the main argument: that Ludwig von Mises's support for laissez faire comes from a comparison of the systems recommended by the ideologies of socialism, interventionism, and liberalism. Mises compares these systems according to the criterion of their capacity to achieve the goal of satisfying material wants. This goal is either explicit or implicit in the arguments made by those who subscribe to the above ideologies. He uses value-free economic reasoning to determine whether the systems recommended by the three ideologies will achieve the goal. In this reply, I reaffirm the argument in the face of Block's critique. In addition, I address two other arguments. The first is the implicit argument in Murray Rothbard and in Block that Mises erred because he failed to take account of all the goals that policy advocates might have in recommending a policy. I argue that he did not err. The second is that Mises is a utilitarian, an argument also advanced by Leland Yeager. I argue not only that Mises was not but also that he repudiated the idea that his support for laissez faire was based on utilitarian welfare principles. The reply also answers some of Block's more specific criticisms of my paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese Economic Association in North America (CEANA), consisting of Chinese American and Chinese economists and other economists interested in the economy of China, held a joint session with the American Economic Association and allied scholarly groups on December 29, 1987 in Chicago. In preparation for the session and other sessions of the CEANA in New York, the new group has issued a call for papers.

This paper attempts to engage with the established debate on the nature of heterodox economics. However, it starts from the position that previous attempts to classify and identify heterodox economics have been biased towards a priori definition. The paper aims to inform the discussion of the nature of heterodoxy with some empirical analysis. The paper examines survey data collected from a small/medium-sized sample of AHE members on the core concepts in economics. The paper applies factor analysis to the data. It also applies principles of biological taxonomy, and thence cluster analysis to the problem. The paper finds that within the self-identified community of self-identified heterodox economists there is little agreement as to whether members are pluralist, or what their attitude is to the mainstream. Indeed, there is little agreement on any core concepts or principles. The paper argues that there is little structure to heterodox economics beyond that provided by pre-existing (or constituent) schools of thought. Based on this study, heterodox economics appears a complex web of interacting individuals and as a group is a fuzzy set. These results would lead us to question further strict distinctions between heterodox, mainstream and pluralist economists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To help understand what enhances the prospects for heterodox work to have strong research impact, this article analyzes the pool of articles published in the Review of Social Economy in the past 15 years, aiming to identify what differentiates well-cited articles from others. Well-cited papers tend to be in areas of core concern in social economics (labor, health, social theory) and attract attention in related social sciences and policy fields. Yet about half the articles published in RoSE are not cited in another scholarly journal within three years of publication, suggesting that, as well done and interesting as these papers may be, problems like narrow focus seem to limit their influence on other people's work. The article's results suggest that increasing the impact of heterodox work requires articles to be interesting and accessible to intentionally broad audiences, and to prompt people to change their thinking. Better still if they open up channels of communication between diverse communities of scholars that are likely to be sustained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article the "American Journal of Economics and Sociology" and the diverse range of topics that is presented in the current issue. The first article focuses on a study conducted by C. Wright Mills and Melville Ulmer who were commissioned by the United States Congress to review large corporations and their impact on society. Another paper focuses on the growth of special interest protectionism during the early 19th century. The last paper discusses and defends the position that economic writer Max Weber deserves the title "economic sociologist."

This article is an editor's introduction to the magazine. The article by Roland Kirstein and Stefan Voigt, "The Violent and the Weak: When Dictators Care about Social Contracts" is highlighted with the allegory of hens who need protection to lay their eggs, so they hire foxes to guard them. The other six articles use theories and formulas to show what is wrong with "conventional wisdom" when tackling economic and societal problems. The author also highlights the article from Richard J. Cebula and Tatyana V. Zelensaya "Determinants of Youth Suicide," in which they write about the commonly accepted ideas about suicide, and then expand on the definitions of these ideas.

This paper examines the reaction of the market to news that the Washington Post had won a Pulitzer Prize for a story that was demonstrably false. The reaction to the stock price of the Post as well as the stock prices of other newspapers is examined using dummy variables for two days, four days, and six days. The results show that while the decline in the Post's stock price was relatively small, the t-statistics for all of the dummy variables are significant. The paper also examines the hypothesis that the nature of the newspaper business is such that it is difficult for the residual claimants of the paper to receive the financial gains of important news stories. These rents, he points out, are distributed to others. We look to see whether or not residual claimants of that newspaper can be harmed if that newspaper publishes a false story and receives large amounts of bad publicity for its error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These comments were prepared in response to the session“Echoes of Henry George in Modern Analysis” presented at the 2002 meetings of the Southern Economic Association. Professor Holcombe prepared his comments at this journal's request at a later time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ostroms have created a paper that goes to the very heart of the public choice enterprise. They suggest that we should conceive of the evolution of constitutional procedures and laws in analogy with biological evolution. One of the paper's central goals is to establish the logical foundations of political order. I take this goal seriously and compare explicitly the task of explaining order in biology and politics. In the case of biology, the task of evolutionary theory has been to give an account of why there are complex arrangements of genetic material called “organisms” (including humans, giraffes, and whales) rather than just a nutrient-rich primordial ooze with no apparent structure. For the social scientist, the task is to explain why there are rules, structure, and stability in societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT. This paper examines the development of a separate economic niche for black entrepreneurs in Chicago's ethnic beauty aids industry. It argues that this economic niche developed in response to advantages black entrepreneurs had in mobilizing ethnic resources in the black community. The paper's findings lend support to general theoretical arguments stating that ethnicity, race, and other symbols for identity function as low-cost screening devices for evaluating the likelihood that trading partners will honor economic contracts, particularly in a market setting where formal market mechanisms are not fully developed. The findings are based on a series of in-person interviews with Korean, Jewish and black distributors of ethnic beauty aids in Chicago. Although this paper focuses on a single market niche, its conclusions indicate that greater attention needs to be paid to the effects of social, political, economic and structural factors on minority business development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effort to categorize nature dates at least to Aristotle and is still ongoing. The study of categories is termed "ontology"-a field Whose use in the philosophy' of social science has most recently been revived. Last April 1998, the State University of New York at Buffalo hosted a conference on "Applied Ontology: A Marvin Farber Conference in Law and Institutions in Society." The following papers were selected from the group of papers presented at the conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the paper on measurement as scientific method in economies by Leland B. Yeager, Professor emeritus of economics at Auburn University. Yeager does not cite enough from the works of any individual to justify convicting that person of such a restricted understanding of scientific method as the phrase "science is measurement" seems to imply. Not only is measurement alone far from the whole or even the significant portion of scientific method, but also measurement plus mathematics must be denied the right to claim that position. In the first portion of his paper Yeager discusses various applications of scientific method in the physical sciences and points out that numerous uniformities of relationships among various quantitative measurements have been found. Yeager understands that the degree of accuracy with which those uniformities of relationships have been measured has covered a wide range. When Yeager goes on to assert that the essential function of measurement in the natural sciences is largely replaced in economics by direct empirical knowledge of the most generally applicable principles and concepts, he is describing economics as it has been and not as it may be.

The article presents the authors views about the closing of the journal "The Freeman." After "The Freeman" closed down that strange rumors came to the author's notice about the conduct of the paper and the part that the author and his partner Albert Jay Nock had taken in its production. There were a good many people who resented the idea of terminating it so suddenly. From the letters that the author received' one could have gathered the impression that these protestants had assisted in maintaining the expense of the venture. It was surprising to find how many people there were suggesting ways of obtaining funds for it and how few offered even a five-dollar bill to start the subscription list going. For four years these enthusiasts had enjoyed the paper and seemingly, during that period the idea never entered their heads that the whole cost of it came from one purse. Moreover, its founder Frank Neilson was the last person in this world to accept financial help for such a venture from anyone.

The article focuses on the career of Henry George, editor of the newspaper "The Post." During the year 1871 George was busy at freelancing. Besides "Our Land and Land Policy," he made two contributions to "The Overland Monthly." Having nothing to anchor him in California, he thought seriously of going to New York or Philadelphia to try to establish himself as a man of letters. But he had worked in one capacity or another on nearly every newspaper in San Francisco and Sacramento, and daily journalism had a strong attraction for him. "The Post" was nearly two years old when John P. Jones, Senator from Nevada, came to Henry George and, declaring himself interested in the paper, offered to furnish the editors, on their notes, money enough to buy the best press that could be obtained. With the growth of circulation, facilities for more rapid and efficient printing had become almost a necessity. A party was held to celebrate the occasion. The editor's office was on the top floor of the building. In a small room, containing the paper-littered desk, a crowded book case, a clutter of newspapers and magazines, a stack of Congressional Records and a small green baize sofa, Henry George did his work.

We use a computational linguistic algorithm to measure the topics covered in teacher contracts. Topic modeling metrics are used to assess a contract's expansiveness. Our topic, diversity measurement, is then related to the prevalence of support staff. If more specialized services are provided, then contracts should be broader as they cover more employment relationships. We confirm a strong, statistically significant relationship and, thus, have a valid measurement of contract breadth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces various reports published within the issue, including one on intergenerational earnings mobility in the U.S., one on economic methodology and Ludwig Lachmann, and one on developments in medical technology.