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Background: This practice parameter was revised collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR), and the American Radium Society. This practice parameter provides updated reference literature regarding radiation oncology practice and its key personnel., Methods: This practice parameter was developed according to the process described under the heading The Process for Developing ACR Practice Parameters and Technical Standards on the ACR website ( https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Practice-Parameters-and-Technical-Standards ) by the Committee on Practice Parameters-Radiation Oncology of the ACR Commission on Radiation Oncology in collaboration with the American Radium Society., Results: This practice parameter provides a comprehensive update to the reference literature regarding radiation oncology practice in general. The overall roles of the radiation oncologist, the Qualified Medical Physicist, and other specialized personnel involved in the delivery of external-beam radiation therapy are discussed. The use of radiation therapy requires detailed attention to equipment, patient and personnel safety, equipment maintenance and quality assurance, and continuing staff education. Because the practice of radiation oncology occurs in a variety of clinical environments, the judgment of a qualified radiation oncologist should be used to apply these practice parameters to individual practices. Radiation oncologists should follow the guiding principle of limiting radiation exposure to patients and personnel while accomplishing therapeutic goals., Conclusion: This practice parameter can be used as an effective tool to guide radiation oncology practice by successfully incorporating the close interaction and coordination among radiation oncologists, medical physicists, dosimetrists, nurses, and radiation therapists., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2017 guidelines on cardiac monitoring during cancer treatments identified patients receiving thoracic radiation (TRT) ≥30 Gy (heart in field) at increased risk for developing radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). ASCO encouraged clinicians to actively screen and monitor for baseline modifiable cardiac risk factors and therapy-induced cardiotoxicity in this high-risk population. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiac events that can be mitigated with preventative medical therapy. It is unclear whether radiation oncologists (ROs) are aware of ASCO guidelines or the implications of CAC observed on computed tomographic scans. We report on practice patterns, perceptions, and experiences of cardiac monitoring for patients receiving definitive TRT, excluding breast patients., Materials and Methods: A 28-question survey was emailed to United States ROs 3 times from September 2018 to January 2019., Results: There were 162 respondents from 42 states, 51% in academic practice. Most ROs (81%) were not aware of the ASCO guidelines. Only 24% agreed with the guidelines, only 27% believed symptomatic RIHD could manifest within 2 years of TRT, and 69% thought there was a lack of strong evidence for type and timing of cardiac monitoring tests. If CAC was evident on computed tomographic scans, 40% took no further action to inform the patient or referring doctor., Conclusions: This survey highlights a critical gap in knowledge about cardiac monitoring and potentially life-saving opportunities for preventive cardiac medical management. Future studies focusing on timing and detection of RIHD may elucidate the utility of cardiac monitoring for TRT patients.

Objectives: Given the vulnerable health condition of adult childhood cancer survivors, it is essential that they develop positive health behaviors to minimize controllable health risks. Therefore, we evaluated if adult survivors of non-childhood cancer and childhood cancer differ in the odds of each modifiable risk factor compared with each other and compared with the general population., Methods: This nationally representative study leveraged the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) sample from 2000 to 2018 and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) sample from 2016 to 2021. Our study population included adults diagnosed with cancer when they were ≤14 years of age. Outcomes included physical activity, body mass index (BMI), current smoking, ever-smoking, alcohol use, and binge drinking., Results: Insufficient physical activity was not statistically significant in the BRFSS, but in the NHIS, childhood cancer survivors had significantly more insufficient physical activity compared with non-childhood cancer survivors (aOR 1.29, P =0.038) and the general population (aOR 1.40, P =0.006). Childhood cancer survivors also had a higher likelihood of being significantly underweight (aOR 1.84, P =0.018) and having ever-smoked (aOR 1.42, P =0.001) compared with the general population in the NHIS. There was a significantly higher likelihood of smoking among childhood cancer survivors in the BRFSS (aOR 2.02, P =0.004)., Conclusions: The likelihoods of many risky behaviors between adult childhood cancer survivors and general population controls were comparable, although rates of physical activity may be decreased, and rates of smoking may be increased among childhood cancer survivors. Targeted interventions are needed to promote healthy behaviors in this vulnerable population., Competing Interests: The funder did not play a role in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; the writing of the manuscript; and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. No pharmaceutical company or other agency has paid any author to write this article, and the authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article to disclose. The content of this paper has not been published in a journal. The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Racial disparities in access and survival have been reported in a variety of cancers. These issues, however, have yet to be explored in detail in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas (STS). The purpose of this paper was to investigate the independent role of race with respect to survival outcomes in STS., Methods: A total of 7601 patients were evaluated in this study. A SEER registry query for patients over 20 years old with extremity STS diagnosed between 2004 and 2009 (n=7225) was performed. Survival outcomes were analyzed after patients were stratified by race. Multivariable survival models were used to identify independent predictors of sarcoma-specific death. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare continuous variables. Statistical significance was maintained at P<0.05., Results: This study showed that African American patients were more likely to die of their STS. They were younger at presentation (P=0.001), had larger tumors (P<0.001), had less surgery (P=0.002), received radiotherapy less frequently (P=0.024), had higher family income (P<0.001), and were less likely to be married (P<0.001). African American race by itself was not an independent predictor of death., Conclusions: African Americans encounter death due to STS at a much larger proportion and faster rate than their respective white counterparts. African Americans frequently present with a larger size tumor, do not undergo surgical resection, or receive radiation therapy as frequently as compared with their white peers. Barriers to timely and appropriate care should be further investigated in this group of at-risk patients.

Cancer survivors face a myriad of long-term effects of their disease, diagnosis, and treatment, and chief among many are problems associated with sexual dysfunction. Yet despite their frequency and the degree of distress they cause patients, sexual dysfunction is not effectively screened for or treated, and this is particularly true in female survivors. Inconsistently performed general sexual health screening at all facets of cancer care and survivorship ultimately translates into missed attempts to identify and treat dysfunction when it does arise. In this paper, we will review the current research and clinical practices addressing sexual dysfunction in female cancer survivors and propose questions in need of future research attention. This article will review the phases of sexual response and how each may be affected by the physical and emotional stress of cancer diagnosis and treatment. We will then discuss existing tools for assessment of sexual function and approaches to their treatment. Finally, we will conclude with advice to health care professionals based on current research and suggest questions for future study.

The decision of the National Cancer Institute, in November of 1985, in favor of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of the premenopausal patient was based on the analysis of randomized clinical trials. The authors have carefully evaluated five papers dealing with the trials and found in each of them some problem in the performance or statistics which makes us question the interpretation of the findings of a statistically significant advantage for adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal patients. In view of this, we suggest that all the studies being considered need to be checked for their validity and if a significant number have similar flaws to those in the five trials noted, then we suggest that it is not possible to come to conclusions reported by the consensus panel.