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The article presents a number of selected entries from the bibliography to the Committee on Organization of Information. One of them is titled "The Use of Punched Card Techniques in the Coding of Inorganic Compounds." It describes a system for coding on punched cards all chemical compounds, their serial numbers, structures, physical and biological properties, which was developed by the National Research Council's Subcommittee on Chemical Codification working under the auspices of the Council's Chemical Biological Coordination Center.

A method is suggested for the more economical storage of documents in coordinate indexes on the basis of inclusion relationships existing between sets of features assigned to documents. Essentially, the technique consists of using sets of features to identify documents that have been indexed either by all or by only some of the total features of the sets. The resulting index has been named a combined grouped coordinate index. Using combined grouping in the construction of a punched feature card index, the Group Research and Development Centre of E. S. & A. Robinson (Holdings) Ltd., Bristol, England, has achieved a 35 % saving in dedicated positions. The advantages, implications, and applications of combining groups of features in coordinate indexes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a low-cost library control system for visual aids based on punch cards is described. Miniature pictures of the visual aids are printed on the cards with a Xerox 914 Office Copier, identifying information is keypunched, and additional information is entered by typewriter. An inventory of other forms of the visual aid, such as glossy photographs, slides, and VuGraphs, is indicated by check marks on a small form printed on the card. The cards are designed to permit updating by additional punching as well as by overpunching previously punched symbols. The punched data is used by a computer to prepare indexes to the visual aid collection, and the cards themselves are used as a manual card catalog for everyday retrieval of visual aids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1960, Jonker Business Machines introduced the first model of its Termatrex line of I.R. equipment. Since then, a number of new termatrex systems have been added. At present, a new line, the Minimatrex tine, is being introduced. This article describes the complete tine of Termatrex equipment and the line of Minimatrex equipment. Both the Termatrex and Minimatrix lines can be integrated with conventional punched card systems, computers, and microform document stores. Also described in this article is the integration of the conventional data-processing equipment and the Termatrex and Minimatrex "inverted Data Processing" equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several forms of citation index were compiled with the aid of punched card techniques from 11,000 citations appearing in a coherent body of scientific literature which contained more than 740 citing papers. Preliminary statistics on citation patterns are given. The potential uses of various types of citation indexes are discussed and are related to problems in recording and standardizing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed description of the Termatrex system, marketed by the author, is here presented, together with the theory upon which it is based. The system is a variant of the Peek-a-Boo technique with mechanical refinements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the technical data on border punched cards. Border punched cards were first used in fields of accounting and personnel records. The greatest use of these cards, however, has been in the field of referencing, filing, and similar finding aids in which the cards refer to a source of data. A third use of the cards is as a key to the location of unknown data. The most complete card file, however, is the technical data file. It permits each of the foregoing three uses and further, because it contains actual data about the item, the card itself is the reference. Such a catalog is particularly useful in multiple copies.

The article focuses on innovations in the field of punched card systems and modifications done in order to make a punched card bibliography. The underlying technique of hand-punched, hand-sorted cards is based on the fact that if a needle is thrust through a given hole in a pack of cards all notched for that hole will fall out, leaving the unnotched cards securely on the needle. If a redesigned card could have 73 holes as a double-row series and 73 in a single-row series, the authors' present anticipated needs for a punched card bibliography would be satisfied.

The article presents information on the theory and technique of punched card catalogs. The great advantage of punched card catalogs lies in the fact that multiple copies of the catalog can be produced inexpensively. However, they provide other outstanding advantages. Once the catalog is printed, the punched cards remain intact for use in future revised editions of the catalog. New cards may be added easily, and old ones can be withdrawn quickly when books are discarded. An additional advantage is the ease with which the cards, once punched, can be duplicated. This can be done with special equipment or with an ordinary key-punch machine.

This article focuses on a technique for making marginal-punched cards which consists in lacing a blank IBM card with a marginal pattern in a keypunch. Cards produced in this manner cost less than two mills apiece, and may be written upon, coded, notched, and sorted conventionally. The use of marginal-punched cards is commonplace in business, science, and industry where, for many information tasks, they offer unique advantages over other available tools. This is a slow inaccurate process, and may make later sorting difficult by raising burrs around the holes.

The article presents information on coding system in documentation. In a single-field superimposed coding system, each subject to be recorded on a card is associated with a pattern of signals or marks selected from a field of possible locations for such marks. Because there is no restriction upon the distribution or arrangement of the marks, the several patterns corresponding to the several subjects on each card generally overlap and may partially or even completely coincide. In considering multiple field versus single-field superimposed coding systems, C.S. Wise shows that the latter yields the smallest "F" for a given total number of punch positions, or holes, and a given number of subjects per card.

The article focuses on routine report writing by computer at Monsanto Chemical Co. Application-research, as the term is used by Monsanto Chemical Co. is that type of work in which an attempt is made to find a chemical to do a specific job. Inasmuch as there are hundreds of thousands of known chemical compounds, the magnitude of the task is tremendous. Information needed by the computer to produce reports for application research scientists comes from two sources. A central data processing group, called SRC, receives all samples for testing, gives each sample an identifying 5-digit serial number, which the computer uses for primary identification, distributes the samples, and files all remaining samples and results. This group supplies the computer with the compound number, name, and structure. The other source comes from the testing laboratory itself.

The article presents information on a documentation program initiated by the American Society for Metals in collaboration with the Special Libraries Association to assist metallurgists in alleviating the tediousness and expense of maintaining their literature files. Literature search in metallurgy was a large in costly task for the metallurgical scientist. Both the organization proposed an edge-punch card system and a subject-index to aid in such literature searches. However, the subject-index proposed was too abbreviated to serve as the basis for the detailed and comprehensive metallurgical literature file envisaged by the American Society for Metals. As a result the Society, together with the Special Libraries Association, established a joint committee. The function of the committee was to design a classification, which would encompass in much greater detail the ramifications of the metallurgical literature.

The article presents information on Remington Rand punched card machines. These machines are used in the research and development program at Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, for statistical computation of analysis of variance, bioassay, regression, quality control, and other standard techniques. Certain phases of this work have led to the maintenance of punched card data files. Application of the equipment to more general purposes has been studied from the standpoint of the principle of superposition coding but has received only very limited trial. It appears that this technique is supplementary rather than essential.

The article presents information on a system for Indexing research reports using a Punched Card Machine. The system now in use for indexing research reports of the Chemical Department of the du Pont Company was developed after a careful review of possible indexing methods and an analysis of purposes to be served. Responsibility for the selection of subject matter to be indexed is shared by the author of a report and the indexer, but final decisions are made by the indexer. The authors are asked to indicate, by underlining or other suitable marking, material which is considered significant for permanent recording. The object of any good index is to have a medium from which all material can be retrieved expeditiously in the manner desired; therefore, a constant review is made to see if this purpose is being fulfilled.

This article focuses on the automation of office and clerical tasks through electronics. Electronic machines now in use in office and clerical functions perform some of the tasks which are a part of documentation procedures. In current office and clerical systems, information is commonly stored on punched cards, magnetic drums, and magnetic tape. Punched cards are used for storage when the amount of information stored is small enough so that the time required for search through all of the cards is not prohibitive.

This paper discusses one approach to the mechanization of information analysis, as embodied in the use of the IBM 101 Electronic Statistical Machine. at all. With the rapid intermingling and overlapping of subject disciplines, especially in science, one might say that if the time were available some of us might, of necessity, read and digest all of the recorded information available. If this were possible, one might not be so concerned with this problem of selection of information. The time factor is probably the essence of the problem. It is, therefore, necessary to speed up the process of selection by mechanization. In order to employ machines efficiently it is necessary to translate information into a form more amenable to the mechanical operations one wishes to perform.

This article presents information about a marginal punched card system for a specialized information collection. It seems to be a common fault with many of the numeric and alphabetic indexes that, while they provide great facility in classifying literature, they are too awkward and rigid to be of value in a searching program. Our interest in this problem was not so much the classifying and indexing phase, as it was to find some means of improving our searching methods.

This article focuses on application of standard business machine punched-card equipment to metallurgical literature references. For a number of years it has been apparent that conventional methods of indexing and classifying technical literature can no longer cope with the ever-increasing flood. It is frequently more economical to repeat work of the past than to search the technical literature for the desired data.

The application of the mechanical punch card system to coordinated clinical statistics of malignant tumors of the female genitalia is here described. By means of a special procedure, the "mark sensing procedure", a continuous record is maintained of all control examinations after the first treatment. It provides for a more rapid coordination of information on the therapeutical results on a national and international scale from which the patient should benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the use of Filmsort card in documentation. The very compact Filmsort card requires only two file cabinets for the whole reference file, compared to seventy-three before. Further, this file has 20 per cent more capacity. Fundamentally, the Filmsort card is a punched card with a piece of microfilm attached. More specifically, it is a tab card having a special window with an adhesive frame upon which we attach one frame of microfilm. For our purposes tonight, the microfilm would be a picture of an engineering drawing but could be pictures of personnel records, chemical charts, or other documents.

The article focuses on a new concept for the adaptation of the ASM-SLA system of classification by punched cards. The ASM-SLA International Metallurgical Classification has been maintained, but the system of edge notching has been replaced by a new interior punched card. The extensions consist of author index with an alphabet in Russian characters, a separate annual index, an index for 10,000 periodicals, and indications for such items as numbers of references, figures, and tables.

This article reports that the Technical Information Service of the Atomic Energy Commission has recently initiated the preparation of a card index for nuclear physicists which will enable them to determine quickly and easily which nuclides possess specified combinations of properties. This information is not readily obtainable from the compilations of nuclear data heretofore available. The system chosen combines the best features of both conventional and punched card indexing.

This article focuses on a table related to literature searching machines and systems. Some of the equipments are: Hand-sorted punched cards, Hand-manipulated aspect cards, Machine-sorted punched cards, Tape-reading devices, Photographic film devices, Unlimited number of index entries per document, Unlimited complexity of relationships among index entries.

Discusses the use of a punched card shelf list for discarding books in the library. Overview of a scenario involving the use of a punched card shelf list in a small popular library; Advantages of a punched card shelf list for the small popular library or small branch library.

This article reports that the Advisory Committee on Application of Machines to Patent Office Operations undertook to examine the nature and magnitude of the application of machines to patent office operations. This was done to find out constructive suggestions for solution of the interrelated classification and equipment development problems, and to determine ways and means by which far-reaching improvements may be realized. Although at present there is no commercially available machine system that meets the needs of the problem, there are three main lines of approach: the use of punched cards combined with electronic, analytical, and computing mechanisms; systems based on magnetic recording techniques; and systems based on photographic methods with photoelectric analysis of codes.

This article focuses on the study "Mechanized Searching," by James W. Perry and Robert S. Casey. The study was published in the journal "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology." The techniques of using hand-sorted punched cards for organizing chemical information and the application of automatic machines to literature searching, as well as some of the more important characteristics of automatic searching equipment, are discussed in this study. Both the magnitude of the expense and the effectiveness of machine searching operations would be determined to a large degree by the system used for the analysis and encoding.

This article presents information about the study "The Preparation of Punched Cards for Indexing Information," by George R. Thomas. This study describes a method of converting ordinary file cards into punched cards at small cost.

This article presents information about the book "Marginal Punched Cards in College and Research Libraries," by Howard F. McGaw. This book provides a guidebook to the librarian just beginning his exploration of the uses of marginal punched cards and to call to the attention of those who have been working with such cards some of the techniques and applications about which they possibly have not heard. The point of view maintained by the author is that the marginal punched card system, wherever installed, should always be regarded as a means to the end of optimum efficiency for the library staff and of optimum service to the library's clientele.

The article presents a study on automation work. The paper was presented at the SLA Convention in Denver, Colorado, on June 10, 1963. It describes the special considerations for map collections and the punched card system in use at the U.S. Army Map Service Library in Washington D.C.

This article presents information related to the use of card sorting equipment for user analyses at the State Technical Library. Readers at the State Technical Library are registered on edge-notched cards which then are sorted according to the users' fields of interest. This process provides a user file with information on the background, organization affiliation and major interest of each library patron. The data is used in various statistical reports, in planning and coordination of acquisitions in estimating volume and content of informative library bulletins and so on.

This article presents information related to the experience in the use of marginal punched cards for indexing geobotanical literature.

Presents an abstract of the book "Die Lochfahrkartenverfahren in Forschung und Dokumentation mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Biologie," by Martin Scheele.

Presents an abstract of the article "Documentation of Spectra by Punched Cards," published in the October 15, 1955 issue of the periodical "Nature."

Presents an abstract of the article "A Punched-Card System for Chemical-Biological Data," by G. Congdon Wood, published in the journal "Biological Abstracts." Information that Chemical-Biological Coordination Center has accumulated a file of some 150,000 observations of the effects of about 50,000 chemicals on plant and animal organisms and their components; Report that development of the Chemical Code by the Center was published by the National Research Council; Preparations for publication of the "Center's Biology Code."

Presents an abstract for the article "Observations on Mechanical Documentation in American Libraries," published in September 1954 issue of the journal. Focus on American libraries that have largely become documentation centres and, to produce quickly current information, use modern reproduction methods; Details of punched cards that are widely used for many purposes and microfilm for "long-run material."

Presents an abstract of the article "Der Stand der Verschlusselung fur die mechanische Selektion in der Organischen Chemie," by Wolfgang Gruber, published in the journal "Dokumentation." Information about a chemical notation system of symbols which could be of an international character; Examination of the possibilities of the Dyson and Wiswesser systems as well as the possibilities offered by these methods with the use of punched cards.

Presents an abstract of the article "A System for Cardiac Studies," by Houcke E. Bolton, published in the March-April 1955 issue of the journal "Systems." Use of punched cards to facilitate statistical studies of case histories involving cardiac surgery.

This article presents information on the article "Case Histories on Cards," published in the January 1955 issue of the periodical "Chemical Week." The article describes the application of punched cards, as a research tool, to the coding of engineering and cost data at Standard Steel LLC of Los Angeles. The originator, Norman Pitt, claims that from a total investment of $3,000, the system is returning $10,000 a year in savings to the company.

The article presents information about the report "Subcommittee on Punched Cards and Legal Literature Searching," of the American Bar Association's Research Committee. The Operations Research Committee of the American Bar Association is to explore the transferability and utility of methods and devices used in other fields of learning and to appraise their applicability to the solution of legal problems. The Committee has recently been renamed the Technical Aids to Law Committee under Elizabeth Freret.

The article reports that the Chemical-Biological Coordination Center of the National Research Council is very interested in learning of other organizations who are now using or are planning to use their "Method of Coding Chemicals for Correlation and Classification." This extensive code was devised primarily to permit the use of punched cards in the correlation of chemical structure with biological activity. Proof of the adaptability and versatility of the code is some 53,000 compounds now coded by the Center. The Center would like to know of the experience others have had in adopting the code for their own special needs.

This article presents information about a research paper "Improvements in or Relating to Encoding Information on Punched Record Cards and Other Equivalent Media," by Calvin Northrup Moores. It describes an encoding scheme which consists in a method of manufacturing a collection of units for use with a mechanical, optical or electrical selecting device each unit having a field for selection-controlling indicia for sensing by the said selecting device according to the pattern inclusion principle. Diagrams at the end of the paper illustrate several selective machines.

This article presents information about an article "Machines at Work," by Wilmer H. Baatz. In this the application of punched-cards to the various library procedures in the Milwaukee Public Library is described. A Tabulating Division handles this work and is part of the Processing Department. This division compiles information for the various departments of the library. Some of the applications of punched-cards include book budgeting accounts, bill payments, shelf-list, registration, circulation surveys and special projects.