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Dr Nick Kennedy stepped down from his position as Associate Editor with responsibility for IBD-related papers and was replaced by Dr Sree Subramanian. Randomised clinical trial: semaglutide versus placebo reduced liver steatosis but not liver stiffness in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Welcome to the first edition of I AP&T i for 2023. [Extracted from the article]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Myojin.et al's paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16691 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16862. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Dhanda et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17307 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17335 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Although enteropathy due to angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) has been known for over 10 years, clinicians' awareness of this condition is still low. Aims: To systematically review the literature about clinical phenotypes, distribution of mucosal changes throughout the gastrointestinal tract and prognosis of enteropathy due to ARBs. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed and Embase for relevant articles up to November 6, 2023. We included full‐text papers, letters, case reports and case series describing enteropathy due to ARBs. Patients were classified into subgroups based on endoscopic and histological findings of different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. The protocol was registered with Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TK67C). Results: We included 94 articles reporting 183 cases (101 female, mean age at diagnosis 69 ± 10 years). The clinical picture at diagnosis was characterised by severe diarrhoea (97%) and weight loss (84%, median −13 kg), leading to hospital admission in 167 (95%) patients. Olmesartan (90%) was most frequently implicated. Villous atrophy (VA) was reported in 164/183 (89%) patients. One hundred and nine had only VA, 12 had pan‐gastrointestinal involvement, 23 had VA and gastric involvement and 19 had VA and colon involvement (predominantly microscopic colitis). Outcomes were reported for 178/183 (97%) patients, who all recovered clinically on ARBs withdrawal. Histological recovery occurred in all 96 patients with VA at baseline who underwent follow‐up duodenal biopsy. Conclusions: Enteropathy due to ARBs is characterised by severe malabsorption often requiring hospital admission and can involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. Clinician awareness can lead to prompt diagnosis and excellent prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Becchetti et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17192 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17228 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Faye et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17162 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17200 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: The last decade has seen a rapid growth in the number of clinical trials enrolling patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Due to the underlying chronic liver disease, patients with NASH often require different approaches to the assessment and management of suspected drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) compared to patients with healthy livers. However, currently no regulatory guidelines or position papers systematically address best practices pertaining to DILI in NASH clinical trials. Aims: This publication focuses on best practices concerning the detection, monitoring, diagnosis and management of suspected acute DILI during clinical trials in patients with NASH. Methods: This is one of several papers developed by the IQ DILI Initiative, comprised of members from 15 pharmaceutical companies, in collaboration with DILI experts from academia and regulatory agencies. This paper is based on extensive literature review, and discussions between industry members with expertise in drug safety and DILI experts from outside industry to achieve consensus on common questions related to this topic. Results: Recommended best practices are outlined pertaining to hepatic inclusion and exclusion criteria, monitoring of liver tests, DILI detection, approach to a suspected DILI signal, causality assessment and hepatic discontinuation rules. Conclusions: This paper provides a framework for the approach to assessment and management of suspected acute DILI during clinical trials in patients with NASH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Verma et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17891 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17913 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Earlier studies have produced highly varying risk estimates for the prevalence of coeliac disease (CD) in osteoporosis. Aims: To investigate the prevalence of CD among individuals with osteoporosis. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of articles published in PubMed, Medline or EMBASE through May 2017 to identify studies looking at prevalence of CD in patients with osteoporosis. Search terms included “coeliac disease” combined with “fractures”, “bone disease”, “bone density”, “densitometry”, “osteoporos*”, “osteomal*”, “osteodys” or “dexa” or “dxa” or “skelet”. Non‐English papers with English‐language abstracts were included. We used fixed‐effects inverse variance‐weighted models, and tested heterogeneity through subgroup analysis as well as through meta‐regression. Results: We identified eight relevant studies, comprising data from 3188 individuals with osteoporosis. Of these, 59 individuals (1.9%) had CD. A weighted pooled analysis demonstrated biopsy‐confirmed CD in 1.6% (95% CI = 1.1%‐2.0%) of individuals with osteoporosis. The heterogeneity was moderate (I2 = 40.1%), and influenced by the underlying CD prevalence in the general population. After adding four studies (n = 814) with CD defined as positive tissue transglutaminase or endomysial antibodies, the pooled prevalence was comparable (1.6%; 95% CI = 1.2%‐2.0%). Conclusions: About 1 in 62 individuals with osteoporosis, or 1.6%, have biopsy‐verified CD. This prevalence is comparable to that in the general population. These findings argue against routinely screening patients with osteoporosis for CD, which is contrary to current guideline recommendations. Additional studies are needed to determine the true utility of such screening programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Hagström et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17374 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17400 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Tong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17263 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17423 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Canivet et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16262 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics journal welcomes readers to its first edition of 2024. The journal received 1266 submissions between January and September 2023, accepting 130 of them, resulting in an acceptance rate of 10.3%. The journal aims to maintain a balance between hepatology and 'luminal' gastroenterology papers and offers authors the option to transfer their papers to affiliated journals if not accepted. The journal also discusses a change in the nomenclature for steatotic liver disease and highlights its 2-year impact factor and most highly cited and downloaded papers. The editors express their gratitude to the contributors and invite suggestions for improvement. [Extracted from the article]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Rivera–Andrade et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16948 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17060 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing prestige of the journal is reflected in the most recent increase in our impact factor (IF); during 2019, our 2-year IF increased from 7.357 to 7.731 ranking I AP&T i in 11th place among 84 journals in gastroenterology and hepatology. The 10 papers published during 2018 that were the most highly cited during 2019[[1]] included such diverse topics as the epidemiology of I Helicobacter pylori i infection, the intestinal mirobiome and dysbiosis, biologic agents for IBD and evolving treatments for chronic viral hepatitis. Increased risk of developing Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis in 17 018 patients while under treatment with anti-TNF agents, particularly etanercept, for autoimmune diseases other than inflammatory bowel disease. [Extracted from the article]

Background Crohn's disease is associated with small bowel cancer whilst risk of colorectal cancer is less clear. Aim To ascertain the combined estimates of relative risk of these cancers in Crohn's disease. Methods MEDLINE was searched to identify relevant papers. Exploding references identified additional publications. When two papers reviewed the same cohort, the later study was used. Results Meta-analysis showed overall colorectal cancer relative risk in Crohn's disease as 2.5 (1.3–4.7), 4.5 (1.3–14.9) for patients with colonic disease and 1.1 (0.8–1.5) in ileal disease. Meta-regression showed reduction in relative risk over the past 30 years. Subgroup analysis showed Scandinavia had significantly lower colorectal cancer relative risk than the UK and North America. Cumulative risk analysis showed 10 years following diagnosis of Crohn's disease relative risk of colorectal cancer is 2.9% (1.5%–5.3%). Meta-analysis showed small bowel cancer relative risk in Crohn's disease is 33.2 (15.9–60.9). Small bowel cancer relative risk has not significantly reduced over the last 30 years. Conclusion Relative risk of colorectal and small bowel cancers are significantly raised in Crohn's disease. Cumulative risk of colorectal cancer of 2.9% at 10 years suggests a potential benefit from routine screening. However, the value of screening requires rigorous appraisal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Rivera‐Andrade et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16948 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17061 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Dahl et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17201 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17431 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Tong et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17263 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17409 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Park et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17257 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17390 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Hocking et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17309 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Paul et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16133 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Alabsawy et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16790 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16855 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Alabsawy et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16790 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16809 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to LeGac et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16775 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Vittal et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16659 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16784 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Dunne et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17252 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: The nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) entecavir (ETV), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) are preferred treatment options for patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB). However, resistance to ETV has been reported, especially with prior exposure to other NAs, and long‐term TDF treatment has been associated with decline in renal function and loss of bone mineral density in some patients. Consequently, TAF may be preferable to ETV, TDF or other NAs in specific circumstances such as in patients with risk of bone or renal complications, elderly patients or those with previous NA experience. Aim: To provide a summary of the available efficacy and safety data following switch to TAF from other NAs in patients with CHB in clinical studies and real‐world settings. Methods: Literature searches were performed on PubMed and abstracts from three major international liver congresses between 2019 and 2021. Studies that included efficacy and/or safety data for patients with CHB switching from any NA to TAF were selected. Results: Thirty‐six papers and abstracts were included in this narrative review. Switching from TDF to TAF maintained or improved virological and biochemical responses with improved bone and renal safety. Switching from ETV or other NAs to TAF maintained or improved virological and biochemical responses and varying results for bone and renal safety. Conclusions: Switching to TAF appears to maintain or improve virological, biochemical and bone‐ and renal‐related safety outcomes. These data support the concept of switching to TAF in some patients with CHB based on their individual circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Improved knowledge of the molecular pathophysiology and immunopathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases in recent years has led to an increased interest in developing novel therapies. Patients with cholestatic liver disease often require different approaches to assessment and management of suspected drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) compared to those with healthy livers and those with parenchymal liver diseases. At present, there are no regulatory guidelines or society position papers, that systematically address best practices pertaining to detection of DILI in these patients. Aims: To outline best practices for detection, assessment and management of suspected acute DILI during clinical trials in adults with the cholestatic liver diseases – Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC). Methods: This is one of the several papers developed by the IQ DILI Initiative, which is comprised of members from 16 pharmaceutical companies, in collaboration with DILI experts from academia and regulatory agencies. The contents are the result of an extensive literature review, as well as in‐depth discussions among industry, regulatory and academic DILI experts, to achieve consensus recommendations on DILI‐related issues occurring during clinical trials for cholestatic liver diseases. Results: Recommended best practices are outlined pertaining to hepatic eligibility criteria, monitoring of liver tests, approach to a suspected DILI signal, and hepatic discontinuation rules. Conclusions: This paper provides a framework for the approach to detection, assessment and management of suspected acute DILI occurring during clinical trials in adults with cholestatic liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common and potential disabling functional gastrointestinal disorder. Studies have revealed a possible association between IBS and psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression. Existing systematic reviews have addressed only the levels of anxiety or depression in patients with IBS. Aim: To investigate systematically the prevalence of anxiety or depression in IBS patients Methods: A literature search was conducted using the related keywords from the bibliographic databases of Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and POPLINE published until 1 January 2019 with no language restriction. Studies reporting the prevalence of anxiety/depressive symptoms/disorders in adult (≥15 years) IBS patients were evaluated. The pooled prevalence, odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated using stata software. Results: A total of 14 926 articles were initially screened, and finally 73 papers were included. The prevalence rates of anxiety symptoms and disorders in IBS patients were 39.1% (95% CI: 32.4‐45.8) and 23% (95% CI: 17.2‐28.8) respectively. The ORs for anxiety symptoms and disorders in IBS patients compared with healthy subjects were 3.11 (95% CI: 2.43‐3.98) and 2.52 (95% CI: 1.99‐3.20) respectively. The prevalence estimates of depressive symptoms and disorders in IBS patients were 28.8% (95% CI: 23.6‐34) and 23.3% (95% CI: 17.2‐29.4) respectively. The ORs for depressive symptoms and disorders in IBS patients compared to healthy subjects were 3.04 (95% CI: 2.37‐3.91) and 2.72 (95% CI: 2.45‐3.02) respectively. Conclusion: Patients with IBS have a three‐fold increased odds of either anxiety or depression, compared to healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Zheng et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16595 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16715 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editors mention the appointment of Gideon Hirschfeld and Richard Gearry as associate editors, the increasing number of downloaded papers in the journal, and research success.

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Dhanda et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17307 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17366 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Jachs et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16945 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17291 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Quigley et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17310 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17354 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Attia et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17233 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Wong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17195 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17244 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Becchetti et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17192 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17258 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Algera et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17239 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17279 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The disorders of gut–brain interactions (DGBI) are a spectrum of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders that involve the entire GI tract and are usually categorised into four major anatomic GI regions, oesophageal, gastroduodenal, bowel and anorectal. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a bowel DGBI, is one of the most researched DGBI and has been the subject of copious epidemiological studies. Prevalence rates are based on diagnostic criteria. In the case of IBS, there are three central obstacles to attaining a clear picture of prevalence: the absence of biomarkers, the multitude of diagnostic criteria used over the years, and the heterogeneous nature of the methodology used in epidemiologic surveys. When the results of multiple studies, conducted over a long period of time, using different diagnostic criteria and different research methodology, and involving different study populations are pooled to determine a single summary prevalence rate it is difficult to interpret the results and to determine their reliability and significance. This pitfall is insufficiently recognised and unfortunate because prevalence rates are important for understanding the burden of disease, for allocating healthcare and research resources, and for incentivising and prioritising new treatments. The aims of the present paper are to highlight our knowledge and understanding of IBS epidemiology within the context of other DGBI, and to present strategies to improve epidemiological research, especially in advance of the new Rome V criteria, to be published in 2026. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Fatigue is a common and leading concern for patients with inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD). It is managed inadequately in IBD, and there is little evidence to support interventions. Aim To examine patients' experience of and factors contributing to IBD-fatigue, and to appraise its management by patients and healthcare professionals. Methods Seven electronic databases were searched. Subject headings and free-text searching were used, with no time limit set. Reference lists of retrieved papers were searched manually. Results Twenty-eight papers were reviewed. Researchers used terms including 'fatigue', 'low energy', 'tiredness', 'decline in vitality and vigour' and 'reduced energy and vitality'. Different definitions were used to conceptualise fatigue. None of the reviewed studies asked patients to describe the experience of fatigue in their own words. Numerous physical, psychological and situational factors associated with fatigue were identified. Three small randomised control trials reported a favourable effect of infliximab and adalimumab on fatigue. One intervention study reported benefit from a stress management programme and one from solution-focused therapy. Conclusions Inconsistent use of terminology, lack of data from patients' perspective on inflammatory bowel disease-fatigue and lack of evidence to support its management contribute to fatigue being largely ignored or overlooked by healthcare professionals. Future research should explore the experience of IBD-fatigue from the individual patient perspective. Further studies are required to fully explore the factors associated with fatigue and to develop patient-centred interventions to reduce fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Nocerino et al and Philips & Abraham papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16404 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16474 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To perform a meta-analysis is of published literature reporting standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for Crohn’s patients from 1970 to date. Methods Medline search identified relevant papers. Exploding references identified additional papers. When two papers reviewed mortality of one patient group at different times, the later publication was used. Results Of 13 papers identified, three studies reported SMR below 1.0, two others had confidence intervals including 1.0. All other studies reported mortality higher than the general population. Meta-analysis using a random effects model shows the pooled estimate for SMR in Crohn’s disease is 1.52 (95% CI: 1.32 to 1.74 [ P < 0.0001]). Meta-regression shows the SMR for these patients has decreased slightly over the past 30 years, but this decrease is not statistically significant ( P = 0.08). Conclusion Assessing evidence from original studies and conducting a meta-analysis shows age-adjusted mortality risk from Crohn’s disease is over 50% greater than the general population. Whilst mortality has improved since the condition was first recognized, further evaluation of the patients studied in the cohorts included here is necessary to assess more recent changes in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Su et al and An papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15132 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15590. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Saffouri et al and Stanley papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15541 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15615. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Systematic Review: Secondary Prevention With Band Ligation, Pharmacotherapy or Combination Therapy After Bleeding From Oesophageal Varices," by J. Cheung and colleagues in the previous issue.