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The purpose of this study was to clarify the frequency of and risk factors for liver abscess formation after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic hepatic tumors after undergoing bilioenteric anastomosis.From January 1996 to June 2012, 25 patients (21 men, four women; age range, 34-74 years) with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 12) or metastatic hepatic tumors (n = 13) with an underlying bilioenteric anastomosis underwent 65 TACE procedures. The incidence of liver abscess, predisposing factors (diabetes, Child-Pugh class, leukopenia, tumor number, tumor size, tumor burden, tumor type, portal vein thrombus, lipiodol dose, particulate embolization, embolization selectivity, oily portogram, antibiotic prophylaxis, and occurrence of liver abscess at initial TACE), and clinical outcome were evaluated. Statistical analysis for relations between liver abscess and predisposing factors was performed by Fisher exact test and linear-by-linear association.Liver abscess developed after 17 of 65 (26.2%) TACE procedures performed on 12 of 25 (48%) patients. Two patients died of progression of liver abscess into sepsis. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that leukopenia (p = 0.029), occurrence of liver abscess at initial TACE (p = 0.082), and particulate embolization or oily portogram (grade 2) (p = 0.001) were associated with a higher incidence of liver abscess.The incidence of liver abscess was high among patients with bilioenteric anastomoses who underwent TACE. Leukopenia, occurrence of liver abscess at initial session of TACE, and particulate embolization or oily portogram (grade 2) were associated with the development of liver abscess.

The objective of our study was to compare the diagnostic performances of two commercial computer-aided detection (CAD) systems and a CAD system developed in our laboratory, which we refer to as an "academic CAD system," for polyp detection on CT colonography (CTC) and to assess the detection characteristics of the CAD systems.One hundred three polyps (48 polyps6 mm and 55 polypsor = 6 mm; 45 sessile, 33 flat, and 25 pedunculated polyps) were created. Each CTC data set was analyzed using two commercial CAD systems (Computer Assisted Reader [CAR] and Polyp Enhanced View [PEV]) and one Hessian matrix-based academic CAD system. Per-polyp sensitivities according to polyp size and shape were compared among the three CAD systems. The average number and causes of false-positives (FPs) were analyzed and compared.Per-polyp sensitivity for all polyps was significantly better for the academic CAD system (83.5%) than for both commercial CAD systems (64.1%) (p0.01). However, the difference in per-polyp sensitivity for polypsor = 6 mm was not significant (p0.017). According to morphology, per-polyp sensitivities as determined with the CAR, PEV, and academic CAD systems for flat, sessile, and pedunculated polyps were 51.5%, 57.6%, and 81.8%; 60.0%, 62.2%, and 84.4%; 88.0%, 76.0%, and 84.0%, respectively. The average number of FPs was not significantly different (p0.05); however, the distribution of the causes of FPs for the three systems was significantly different (p0.001).For polypsor = 6 mm, the three CAD systems showed comparable per-polyp sensitivities. Although the number of FPs was not significantly different, the distribution of the causes of FPs for each of the CAD systems was significantly different.