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Indonesia is a country with a high biodiversity of algae, especially brown algae. Here, we studied the bioactivity of the lipid compounds in Indonesian brownalgae, Sargassum polycystum. Dried and powdered brown algae were extracted with chloroform:methanol:water. The lipid extract was collected and the solvent was evaporated. The characteristic of the compounds was then analysed by Thin Layer Chromatography with Silica Gel 60F254 as the stationary phase and petroleum ether:dietylether:acetic acid as the mobile phase. Upon elution, the lipid compounds were then detected with sulfur acid reagent. The anti-oxidant activity of the extract was then analysed by DPPH method, and the anti-diabetic effect of the compound was then analysed in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats. TLC analyses showed that the majorcompound in theSargassum polycystum lipid extract wasfattyacids. The lipid extractalsoshown anti-oxidantactivity in DPPHmethod, with IC50of460.5 µg/ml. Moreoverthe extract alsoloweredfastingbloodglucose level in alloxan-inducedrats. This study showsthatthebrownalgaelipid extract from LombokIndonesia coast, has anti-diabeticactivitythroughthe reductionofoxidativestress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of seaweed, especially Sargassum sp. as raw material for organic fertilizer is promising to overcome several problems in agriculture. In previous research that organic seaweed fertilizer has an effect on increasing the biodiversity of microorganisms in the soil. The same work was also carried out in this study, but the previous study was carried out on a pot scale, while the current study was carried out on a wider rice field scale. The results of this study indicate an increase in the abundance of soil microorganisms as a result of the application of seaweed fertilizer, especially from the Archae group, namely Candidatus nitrosotalea in soils that are given organic seaweed fertilizer, especially in the CFSF2 treatment. These Archae play a role in oxidizing ammonia where ammonia oxidation is an important process in the nitrogen cycle to maintain good soil quality. This is also in line with the grain yields obtained. The area of land used in each treatment was 700 m2 and the total grain weight obtained from each treatment was CF (275.8 kg), CFSF1 (329 kg), and CFSF2 (343.7 kg). Therefore, it is hoped that future agricultural activities will apply green agricultural practices to support the creation of sustainable agriculture and a blue economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to UV light for a long time without anti-UV protection can induce sunburn, premature aging, inflammation, even melanoma skin cancer. Currently sunscreens mostly contain ZnO and TiO2 which causes risks for skin in long term use. Meanwhile, natural product-basedsunscreens can be an alternative for anti-UV protection derived from marine macroalgae. Based on previous research Sargassumcristaefolium an antioxidant activity which has been tested in vitro and in vivo analysis. Sargassumcristaefolium produces pigments known as fucoxanthin which gives them their brown color. Fucoxanthin has been reported as having antioxidant activity. The Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a receptor that plays an important role in melanoma cell cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of fucoxanthin inhibiting MC1R has never been described before. So, the aim of this research is to investigate the potential of fucoxanthin inhibition MC1R receptor by an in silico study. Chemical structure of fucoxanthin constructed by ChemDraw software. MC1R (PDB ID: 7F41) was obtained from protein data bank (PDB). Preparation ligand and receptor was done by DS BIOVIA. Determination docking area carried out by AutoDockTools-1.5.7 and molecular docking study was done by AutoDockVina. The result showed that fucoxanthin having lowest binding affinity to inhibit MC1R receptor in -8.5 kcal/mol than positive control kojic is -4.2 kcal/mol and arbutin is -6.6 kcal/mol. Fucoxanthin also showed in molecular docking visualization that it tethered in a binding pocket of MC1R. Meanwhile, fucoxanthin and MC1R interactions formed Van der Waals, Alkyl, Pi-Alkyl chemical bond types that potentially contribute to the change of MC1R structure which may result in functional changes. Therefore, it can be assumed that fucoxanthin has the potential as an MC1R inhibitor in accordance with the aim of this study. Further research such as molecular dynamics are interesting to investigate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economical value of horticultural product depends on the products freshness and its long lasting storage ability. These long lasting storage ability is depend on how we keep the fruits with their appropriate surrounding and also how we supplied the plants with exact dose of nutrient. It has been reported that brown macroalgae contains a lot of bioactive compounds including growth hormone and several kind of macro and micro nutrient which is potential to use as biofertilizer for tomato plant growth together with urea. Combination of these two fertilizers is expected to produce better quality and quantity of fruit. This article reported fruits in combination with longer shelf life quality and shelf age of tomato storage in soil applied with urea and brown macroalgae extract. Tomato plant were grown in soil media contained different dose of urea 0 gr for control (P0), 0.25 gr (P1) and 5 gr (P2). Each plant were also sprayed with 10% of Sargassum crassifolium (E1), Sargassum cristaefolium (E2), Sargassum aquifolium (E3) and Turbinaria murayana (E4). The result demonstrated that the tomato fruits produced by plants supplied with combination between urea and seaweed extract has better quantity of fruits (14-15fruit/plant) compared to control (9 fruits/plant). Fruit produce by plant supplied with 5 gr urea and S. cristaefolium extract has diameter of 2.7 cm which is bigger compared to the control and other treatment. Meanwhile, best fruit texture were 0.125 mm/g/5g (P1E3 and P2E2) in one month storage. Thus demonstrated that combination of brown macroalgae extract and urea provide exact nutrient for tomato plants and keep its fruits quality during long lasting storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]