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In this experiment, a low-cost raw material of stainless steel and low-carbon steel was used and a coating with some hydrophobic and high adhesion was obtained by electrochemical etching method and coating method. In the course of the study, the current gradients of 0.1-0.3A were set for both substrates. The influence of electroplating current on the coating performance was studied. The concentration gradient of 5% -10% stearic acid in absolute ethanol was set and the temperature gradient of 150 °C-200 °C was set. The influence of stearic acid content and tempering temperature on the static contact angle was also studied, the difference was that the stainless steel substrate was electrochemical etching pretreatment. Experiments show that the prepared stainless steel substrate coating hydrophobic angle up to 115-120 °, the use of scanning electron microscopy in the micro-nano structure were observed finally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experiment, the stainless-steel substrate was electrolyzed, electroplated, reduced low surface energy and tempered at a low temperature and finally obtained a coating with certain hydrophobicity and high adhesion. During the research, the voltage gradient of 3V, 5V, 7V, 10V and 15V was set. The influence of voltage on the morphology of stainless steel substrate and the current utilization rate were studied by using the change of corrosion quality and time of stainless steel substrate. The effects of electroplating current on the properties of coatings were studied. We studied the effects of stearic acid content (5%, 7% and 10% in volume fraction) and tempering temperature (150°, 180° and 200°) on static contact angle. Hydrophobic surfaces with angles of 115-120 ° were prepered on the stainless steel and the explanation of high hydrophobicity was given by observation and characterization of the micro-nano structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the smart distribution network has made tremendous progress, and the business visualization becomes even more significant and indispensable. Based on the summarization of traditional visualization technologies and demands of smart distribution network, a panoramic visualization application is proposed in this paper. The overall architecture, integrated architecture and service architecture of panoramic visualization application is firstly presented. Then, the architecture design and main functions of panoramic visualization system are elaborated in depth. In addition, the key technologies related to the application is discussed briefly. At last, two typical visualization scenarios in smart distribution network, which are risk warning and fault self-healing, proves that the panoramic visualization application is valuable for the operation and maintenance of the distribution network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bidding competition of international projects is more and more fierce currently. However, China started late relatively in the field, it is still lack of experience in the aspect of participation in bidding of international projects, and more effective bidding quotation system is not formed till present. Therefore, China can not win through systemic bidding quotation methods compared with many powerful bidding enterprises in the international field. Research on the field is also focused by many aspects as a result. It is urgent to solve related problems. Game theory is combined for analyzing the effectiveness and operability of bidding quotation models mainly based on current situation of bidding market in China international projects during research process in the paper. The research starts with the perspective of bidders for analyzing their game with tenderers and other bidders. The results have operational value aiming at bidders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to explore a technique to monitor the acoustic output in real-time of a transducer used in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment. A PVDF piezoelectric sensor was made and located at a specific position in acoustic field of a HIFU transducer. During operation of the transducer, an oscilloscope was used to detect the voltage output signal of the piezoelectric sensor. Results showed that the oscilloscope stably detected the voltage output of the sensor, which was relevant to the driving voltage of the transducer. That meant there was a correlation between the output voltage of the sensor and the acoustic power output from the transducer. It implies that the PVDF piezoelectric sensor can be used to monitor the real-time acoustic output of the transducer and to assure safety and effectiveness of HIFU treatment. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]