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Geometry is one of the crucial materials for students to learn in everyday life both related to lines, angles, planes, congruences, and polyhedrons. However, previous studies show that students experience obstacles to learning geometry. One of the contributing factors is geometry learning media which is still rarely developed. This study aims to design a mathematics learning media with the topic of the pyramid volume concept that meets the valid category. The research method of this research is the Plomp development method with three stages, namely 1) the preliminary research phase, 2) the development or prototyping phase, and 3) the assessment phase. The subjects of this study were 30 junior high school students who were receiving lessons on the pyramid and cube volume concept. The results showed that a learning media named Hanging Scale to find the concept of pyramid volume had been successfully designed. The learning media designed are tested for validity to ensure the quality of the media. The validity test used was an expert judgment involving expert lecturers in the field of mathematics education and mathematics media. The validity test is used to test the quality of the media developed in terms of whether it is valid or not for use in classroom learning. Validity testing is carried out before the media is used for further research. If expert experts state that the media is "valid", then the media can be used for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop interactive learning media using Articulate Storyline with Minimum Competency Assessment orientation on plane geometry topics that meet valid, practical, and effective criteria. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model developed by Dick & Carey (1996). The subjects of this study were 34 students of class VII-F of SMPN 1 Pakis. The validity, practicality, and effectiveness analysis is the method used for data analysis in this study. The results of the media validity analysis were declared valid, showing an average media validity of 88.1%, material validity of 87.45%, and test item validity of 88.25%. The results of the practicality of the media were stated to be practical based on the results of the responses of students and teachers who obtained a percentage of ≥70% for each statement item. The results of the analysis of the effectiveness of this media were obtained based on the work on the Minimum Competency Assessment orientation plane geometry topics test questions. As many as 85.3% of students scored above 65, thus meeting the criteria for effectiveness. Thus, the interactive learning media using Articulate Storyline with Minimum Competency Assessment orientation on plane geometry topics is declared valid, practical, and effective for improving student learning outcomes on plane geometry topics. So that this media is suitable for use in learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting students' performance is essential in both educational and machine learning contexts. Prediction of students' performance will facilitate in the development of relevant future study plans for students. The study focus on mathematics subject since the subject is one of the mandatory or core subjects that is taken in the education public examination. The KSSM mathematics curriculum at the secondary level is organized in five interrelated content domain which are number and operations, geometry, algebra, statistics and probability and discrete Mathematics. In this paper, the objective of the study is to validate the students' interest based on the content domain of mathematical subject for uni-dimensionality, validity and reliability using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A sample comprised 302 respondents selected from a certain school in Malaysia. The study analyses the items of the questionnaire using IBM SPSS. The results show that the findings have met the requirements of unidimensional, convergent validity, composite reliability and internal reliability. For unidimensionality test, all the items have factor loading more than 0.6 and positive values. Cronbach' alpha was conducted to test the reliability. The Cronbach' alpha of all the constructs obtained are higher than 0.7. The Composite Reliability of all the constructs are above 0.6. The values of average variance extracted (AVE) are larger than 0.5 which satisfied the Convergent Validity. Thus, the measurement model of main components of mathematical subject is valid and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With most of the Muslim population, the halal Industry is a substantial market share in Indonesia and Malaysia. The need for workers who understand the halal production process will also continue to grow. As an educational institution, the university is responsible for preparing its graduates to enter the world of work. Character strengthening is one of the things that need to be done by universities. Strengthening the 5S character (Sort Set in Order, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain) can be an option for shaping students' character following the demands of the halal Industry. This study aims to develop a 5S character-strengthening model following the halal Industry's demands. Model development is carried out using Borg and Gall's Research and Development (R&D) Model. The product validity test was carried out by expert judgment. The assessment results by K3 experts and halal experts show that the model made is declared excellent and feasible to use. The final result of this study is a combination of implementing the 5S model in the halal Industry. This alloy can be used as a guideline for 5S character development, which aims to prepare students to work in the industrial world, especially in the halal Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality jobsheets for 3D modeling designs are essential to ensure optimal Computer-aided Design (CAD) learning. The demand to improve the quality can be made by assessing the jobsheet to the expert. The validation method uses construct validity. The data collection technique uses the Delphi technique with repeated improvements based on the assessment of product design experts, learning media experts, CAD experts, and Computer-aided Engineering experts. Data analysis refers to quantitative data based on assessment scores and qualitative data based on expert responses. The results of the expert's assessment stated that the Industrial Product-based 3D Modeling Jobsheets were suitable for use, with the average proportion of the assessments being 87%. Some of the exciting things expressed by the experts are the high opportunities to approach industrial product-oriented CAD learning. Collaborating classroom learning with industry can encourage a new learning atmosphere for students taking these courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) has been used to restore the electricity system after a major outage. However, based on the research of recent blackouts, voltage collapse and voltage-related issues are also major challenges in preserving system stability. As a result, both frequency and voltage must be considered in load shedding methods. To calculate the quantity of load to be shed and its optimal location, the research considered both aspects when building a load shedding plan. Voltage sensitivity is used to identify the location and amount of load to be shed from each bus. Newton-Raphson load flow method is used considering ZIP load model to show the enhancement in voltage profile and total loss. To test the validity of recommended attitudes, the IEEE 39-bus is used. For accurate results, a gravitational binary search optimization technique (BGSA) is utilized, and comparisons are made to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed strategy. A BGSA optimization technique can help reduce the search space for the smallest amount of power shed and its location. The results show that the supplied techniques can employ the BGSA optimization algorithm to discover the optimal solution for a significant loss reduction and a better voltage profile and frequency. The planned disruptions include the loss of a generator for several buses and the loss of transmission lines in multiple situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' critical thinking skills (CTS) training for students must use suitable learning models. The CTIL model is a learning strategy created to raise students' CTS. The objective of this study is to evaluate the CTIL model's quality, including its learning resources' validity and reliability, as a part of the model for research and development. The main syntax of the CTIL model is (1) motivation, (2) identification and analysis of phenomena, (3) self-investigation, (4) data interpretation and communicating results, and (5) reflection. The results of this study indicated that the value of the content validity of the CTIL model was 3.76, which is in the very valid category, the construct validity was 3.72, which is in the very proper category, while the reliability of the CTIL model was 0.76 which is in the high-reliability category. The results of the CTIL model set's content validity was 3.49 in the very valid category, the construct validity was 3.52, which is in the very proper category, while the reliability of the CTIL model set was 0.82, which is in the high-reliability category. The CTIL model may raise students' CTS for scientific learning based on validity and reliability characteristics. The CTIL model will be empirically tested in future studies to establish its practicality and effectiveness in scientific education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students nowadays must acquire critical, cognitive, social, operational, emotional, and projective digital literacy skills, particularly in the Faculty of Engineering. An essay test is one technique that may be used to measure them. However, evaluating essay tests is time-consuming and subjective, resulting in variable measuring outcomes. (1) analyzing the construct validity of digital literacy competencies, (2) analyzing the reliability of the score obtained from the automated essay scoring test, and (3) analyzing the difference between scores obtained from automated essay scoring and scores assessed manually were the objectives of this study. The measurement results data were studied using factor analysis to evaluate construct validity, Cronbach alpha estimation to generate reliability coefficients, and inter-rater kappa to ascertain the level of concordance between scores acquired through automated essay scoring and scores assessed manually. The analysis results indicate that the digital literacy competence construct is legitimate, that the scores received from automated essay scoring tests are deemed credible, and that the scores acquired from automated essay scoring and those assessed manually are equivalent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study endeavours to develop a questionnaire instrument capable of classifying respondents based on their tendencies towards divergent or convergent thinking. The questionnaire serves a valuable purpose by enabling teachers to identify the thinking potential of individual students and maximise it during the learning process. The research involved 149 junior high school (SMP) students from the West Lombok district, who participated in the stages of validity and reliability testing, and 84 respondents in the categorisation trial. The instruments were compiled and assessed through expert validation using descriptive methods, employing percentage scores. Additionally, validity was assessed using product moment correlation coefficients, reliability was measured through alpha reliability coefficients, and categorisation abilities were evaluated based on non-level categorisation (nominal). The findings revealed that the divergent and convergent categorisation questionnaires consisted of 40 items, encompassing 20 descriptors each for divergent and convergent thinking. Expert ratings yielded an average score of 89.50, falling within the excellent category. The product moment test confirmed the validity of all 40 items, with a product-moment correlation value greater than the critical value (rtable (149, 0.05)=0.16). The reliability of the questionnaire was deemed high for both the divergent and convergent item groups and satisfactory for all items, as indicated by alpha reliability coefficients of 0.64, 0.72, and 0.55, respectively. The trial results demonstrated that the questionnaire effectively categorised subjects, achieving accurate categorisation for up to 20% of the total subjects in both the divergent and convergent thinking groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemistry, especially in the chapter on reaction rates, studies the composition of matter, changes in matter, basic laws, and abstract concepts. The reaction rate chapter is considered difficult bystudents, so the source and learning media are needed to make it easier for students to learn it. One of the sources of learning media is teaching material. Teaching material has an important role because it is a tool to achieve learning objectives. Therefore, new reaction rate teaching material needs to be created to accommodate abstract concepts. These concepts can be described by chemical representationandthen explained through representational competence. Based on the description above, this study aimed to 1) develop valid and appropriate teaching materials for reaction rate-based chemical concepts, chemicalrepresentation, and representational competencies and 2) analyze the validity and legibility tests of the developed teaching materials. The research and development design used was the defining stage, designing stage, developing stage, and disseminating stage, which refers to the 4-D model by Thiagarajan et al. (1974). However, the dissemination stage was not carried out due to time and cost considerations. The research instruments used were a validation questionnaire sheet and a legibility questionnaire sheet. The product was validated by two validators from the lecturers of the Department of Chemistry, Universitas NegeriMalang, and then tested for legibility by 32 students of class XI-MIPA at SMA Negeri 3 Kediri. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques with the percentage formula. The data analysis was then interpreted according to the range of criteria according to the Likert scale. Meanwhile, qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The teaching material validation results obtained an overall average value of 93.5% with a very valid category. Meanwhile, the results of the legibility test of teaching material obtained an overall average value of 87.5% with a very decent category. Based on the research results, it was known that the teaching material developed was categorized as very feasible with few revisions to be used. Therefore, this teaching material can be further developed for dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is aimed at developing online learning materials using Google Classroom (GC) to increase teaching effectiveness and improve student achievement in biology. This research was carried out with Research and Development (R & D) design with ADDIE model consisting of four steps: Analysis, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation. First, we (researchers, teachers, and students) develop learning materials using Google Classroom. The materials, including texts, links, and videos, were reviewed by experts to get content validity. A questionnaire with Likert's Scale was used to measure the content validity. The valid learning materials were tried out in a school to know the usability of the GC. A questionnaire with Likert's Scale was used to measure the usability of the Google Classroom. Then, the Google Classroom were implemented in six classes from six high schools with a pretest-posttest control group design. Tests were administered to measure students' achievement on the learning materials. The results indicated that (1) the learning materials were valid based on the expert judgment, (2) the Google Classroom was considered easy to use according to the teachers and the students, specifically to organize the materials, to do video conference using google meet, and to do online assessment, and (3) the Google Classroom was effective to improve the students' achievement in biology. Therefore, it is concluded that the Google Classroom learning materials is feasible to perform online learning in biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of scientific literacy test instruments is still minimal and generally applicable, so a scientific literacy test instrument is needed with the type of test that applies to a small scope. The general objective of the research is to produce a scientific literacy test instrument, while the specific objective is to describe the test instrument, validity, reliability, discriminatory power and level of difficulty of the items. This study is a Research and Development (R & D) research with a procedural model from Borg and Gall, which was then analyzed based on the validity, reliability, discriminating power and level of difficulty of the items using the Aiken validity, classical theory test and Rasch model. Based on the Aiken validity analysis and the classical theory test results, 22 of the 40 items were declared valid and reliable with the different power of the questions accepted and having a difficulty level of 95.45% easy and 4.45% moderate. The final results of the research on 196 students using the Rasch model analysis, namely (1) On the validity of the test instrument there are 18 items declared valid; (2) Has a high degree of reliability; (3) Has four items with poor discriminating power; and (4) It has a difficulty level of 9.90% very difficult items, 40.90% difficult items, 45.45% easy items and 4.45% very easy items. This research concludes that the scientific literacy test instrument that is prepared has a fairly good quality and can be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to describe the original mathematics learning on number material using the context of sweet potato balls in terms of the expert's point of view. This study involved 5 experts from various disciplines, namely Indonesia Realistic Mathematics Approach (PMRI), Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), and character values, and early chidhood science. In addition, there are also 2 early chidhood teachers who also provide suggestions and input. This research method uses validation research type research development. Data collection techniques used are documentation and questionnaires. The results showed that the design made for number material with 4 activities, namely buying materials, making sweet potato balls, making playdough satay and drawing could be declared valid from various experts. This is because it is in accordance with PMRI modeling stages, meets STEM criteria, and raises characters who are at an early age. Content validation for the student worksheet instrument obtained a result of 0.8062 which was included in the high validity category. For the content validity of the lesson plan instrument with an average of 0.837 with a high validity category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop a valid CNC Simulator Guidebook For Android. This type of research is Research and Development (RnD) with the ADDIE Development model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate). The subject of the research is a Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program student who takes the CNC Practice course in Odd Semester 2022. Based on the results of the research, it is found that the guidebook is declared valid. This is shown from the assessments of material experts and media experts who stated that the CNC Simulator guidebook is in a valid category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 and society 5.0 and the demands of the Asean Economic Community (MEA) for quality human resources. The results of the 2019 PISA survey, Indonesia is ranked 72 out of 77 countries and in the independent curriculum requires students to ask high-level thinking chemistry questions (HOTs) and analyze green chemistry material. HOTs are the main goals of 21st century learning, with HOTS students can make connections between facts and concepts, and apply them to new situations to solve problems. The purpose of this study was to develop an HOTs-based assessment instrument for the study of green chemistry material to measure students' critical thinking levels. The Oriondo and Antonio assessment instrument development model was used in this study, the research subjects were 30 students of SMA Negeri 10 Palembang. The assessment instrument developed in the form of a limited essay based on the competence of PISA and Marzano HOTs. The item analysis involves content validity, construct validity, empirical validity, reliability, difficulty index, and item discriminating power. The results showed that the validation was very valid (90.5%) from the material, construct, and language aspects. Trial assessment to teacher users and class XI students. The teacher's response strongly agrees and the one-on-one test is very good. The reliability per item is very high and the items are acceptable. Thus, the HOTs assessment instrument for green chemistry material can be used to measure students' critical thinking skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of good learning media can increase and direct students' attention so as to lead to learning motivation. This study aims to developing an animation audiovisual media product in Excretory System material which is valid, practical, and effective at Grade XI High School. This study uses a 4D model which consists of Define, Design, Develop, and Dissemnate stages. The collecting data using of validity and practicallity instruments on theory use a validation sheet that evaluated by validator expert and teachers, practicallity test by real practice uses a questionnare sheet on google form that filled by students, also effectivity test to measure increase in critical thinking skill by test on the field uses pretest-postest control group design test. Based on gathered data the result of validity tests for the final product was 4,84 in the very valid category based on the media and material aspect evaluation. The result of practicallity test on theory by validator expert and biology teachers was 96,8% and on the real practice by students was 98,2%. The result of effectivity test shows the average N-Gain result by the experimental group was 0,445 in moderate category and by the control group was 0,087 in low category so it states that the animation audiovisual media in Excretory System is feasible to be used in learning because it has met the criteria of being valid, practice, and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technopreneurship is crucial in bringing in new innovation and changing the economies. The importance of technopreneurship is even more prominent during the COVID19 pandemic era. However, it is still deemed as a new breed of entrepreneurship and required further investigation. Specifically, the initial stage in developing technopreneuship, which is fostering technopreneurial intention needs further scrutiny. This study was performed to validate the factors influencing technopreneurial intention through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Three exogenous constructs were identified from literature review; they were capability in using computer, Web-based learning ability and communicative ability. Meanwhile, the endogenous construct was technopreneurial intention. A total of 359 students from a local university were selected as the sample through proportionate stratified sampling method. The instrument used was a set of online questionnaire consisted of 23 items. Based on the analysis performed, the initial measurement model was revised by deleting five items recording low factor loading values. The revised model was able to fulfill the requirements for unidimensionality and model fit. Composite reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity were further achieved. As a conclusion, unidimensionality of constructs was met, the measurement model had reasonable good fit, and its constructs were reliable and valid. Therefore, the model and instrument could be used by future researchers in researching factors influencing technopreneurial intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algorithmic thinking is one of the thinking skills needed to improve students' ability to solve mathematical problems. However, research on the development of mathematical tasks to explore algorithmic thinking in terms of decomposition, abstraction, and algorithmization is still limited. This study aims to: (a) develop a task of algorithmic thinking on a system of linear equations using the Gauss elimination method; (b) describe the content validity and language validity of the algorithmic thinking task (ATT), and (c) describe the response of undergraduate students of the ATT. This research is included in the type of research and development. The stages of development in this limited research are (a) Research and information collecting, (b) Planning, (c) Developing a preliminary form of product, and (d) Preliminary field testing. Aspects of algorithmic thinking in this study are decomposition, abstraction, and algorithmization. The data was obtained through expert validation and a questionnaire. Validation of the initial product consists of content validity, language validity, and readability. Based on the validation results, the developed algorithmic thinking task has very good validity and is feasible to use. The average score generated by the validation of the three experts is 92.7 (very valid). The validation score obtained from an expert (Indonesian) is 97.1 (very valid). The average questionnaire score for the format, readability, and aspects of algorithmic thinking in ATT is 90.9 (very good). Thus, we concluded that the task of algorithmic thinking in the context of linear equations systems using the Gaussian elimination method is very valid and appropriate for use in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Misconceptions can occur in one of the subject matter of chemistry lessons, namely the material of chemical bonds, this is due to its abstract and tiered nature. Detection of misconceptions can be done using a web-based four-tier test format diagnostic test. This study aims to analyze the validation results of a web-based four-level test developed for each sub-concept. The type and research approach used is development or Research and Development (R&D). The data sources in this study were four expert lecturers (3 subject matter expert lecturers, 1 media expert lecturer), and 67 students X MIPA MAN 2 Hulu Sungai Tengah. The development model used is the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) which is carried out only up to the Development stage to find out the validation results. Data collection techniques consisted of questionnaires from material experts and media experts, as well as documentation. The data analysis technique is a validity test. The results of the material expert validity were 92% with a very valid category, the results of the empirical external validity test contained less than 10%, which means it was valid. The results of the construct empirical validity of the 18 questions tested, there are 16 questions that are valid. The results of the validity of media experts on the aspect of visual appearance are 91% with the criteria of "very valid", on the linguistic aspect of 100% with the criteria of "very valid", and on the application aspect of 90% with the criteria of "very valid". The conclusion is that the web-based four-tier diagnostic test on chemical bonding material is feasible to use to analyze students' misconceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is an evaluation research aims to examine the implementation results of integrated science teaching materials with Weather and Its Changes theme, to improve the concept understanding for seventh grade of Junior High School students. This teaching material was developed using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) method. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D). The results of the research instrument that will be studied are the concept understanding test and the responses questionnaire for teachers and students. Data analysis techniques that will be studied more deeply are readability test, validity and reliability test of concept understanding test, students' response questionnaire, and teachers' response questionnaire analysis using CVR. This research also describes the data analysis results of the teachers' response questionnaire which contains positive assessments, criticisms, and constructive suggestions, with a CVI of 0.85 indicates that the profile of teaching material is very feasible to use. It was concluded that the profile of integrated science teaching materials with Weather and Its Changes theme was very suitable for use by seventh grade Junior High School students. So it can be said that the implementation of this teaching material is quite successful in increasing students' concepts understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is initial research as a test of indicators and variables before taking the data as a whole. The existing indicators reflect the questions and statements in the questionnaire distributed to 63 SMEs respondents around Medan area by using two survey methods. The first survey was conducted in person, and the second survey was conducted online. This test is known as the validity and reliability test. The values generated from the test indicate whether the questionnaire can be continued or repaired before the questionnaire is distributed back to the respondents. In particular, this initial research is one of the requirements that must be carried out to determine the psychometric properties of the characteristics of respondents from a survey, whose purpose is to make an assessment based on the perceptions of the respondents and the perspective of the researcher. The Partial least squares structural equation modelling technique (PLS-SEM) and descriptive information were applied simultaneously in the analysis phase. The results of this study are that four indicators are rejected of the 45 indicators, meaning that there are four questionnaire questions that can be repaired or not used. In comparison, the variable value shows a positive value for the nine variables. The study does not contribute theoretically to the field but provides methodological information on how to conduct an assessment on the questionnaireen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tried to reveal the effectiveness of problem-based learning assisted with Napier's bones on mathematics learning results. The low mathematics learning result in class III thematic learning in the third-grade thematic education at Hasanuddin Cluster, Tayu District, Pati, are caused by misconceptions about arithmetic operations. Therefore, an attractive, innovative, and suitable learning model is required to realize an effective learning process. It is an experimental quantitative study under the quasi-experimental design and the randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample included the experimental group (RE) of class III A and the control group (RP) of class III B, randomly selected with a full selection of 34 students. The data were gathered through tests, observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis techniques include an examination of validity, reliability, level of difficulty, and discrimination. The preliminary data analysis consisted of a normality and homogeneity test. In contrast, the final study included normality, homogeneity, z-test (completeness of learning), t-test (mean difference), and n-gain test (improvement of education). The results showed that the z-test of the experimental class was Zcount> Ztable(2.38>1.64), and the control class' was Zcount> Ztable(1.61<1.64), meaning that the experimental class was able to reach the completeness criteria. The t-test indicated that tcount> ttable (4.03>2.11), expressing that the practical course had a higher average learning score than the control. The n-gain test also denoted that the experimental class scored 0.72, higher than the control, which scored 0.49. This study concluded that problem-based learning with Napier's bones effectively escalated the third graders' learning outcomes on the multiplication of whole numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-efficacy is the belief that a person has in acting to achieve the desired goal. The level of self-efficacy owned by students can affect the ability of students to solve a problem. This research aims to develop and test the scale to determine the students' self-efficacy mathematics in mathematics learning to have a good validity and reliability level. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach. The research population is all students of grade X high school in Bekasi Regency. The sample of 213 students came from three different schools selected using simple random sampling. Self-efficacy dimensions used are level, generality, and strength with a total number of items 15 items. The Lisrel program version 8.80 and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) employing Second-Order Confirmation Factor (SOCF) are used to analyze the data. Data analysis revealed that the 14-statement mathematics self-efficacy measure created for mathematics learning is valid and trustworthy. The self-efficacy component, which includes level, generality, and strength, is the one on which the scale's development was founded. Additionally, the generality factor plays the most role in developing students' mathematical self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is motivated by the use of learning media which is one of the facilities and infrastructure to support school activities. With the use of appropriate learning media will be able to have an impact on children's learning outcomes. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of using Quizizz learning media in strengthening the numerical abilities of children aged 4-5 years. This type of research is quantitative research with the True Experimental method by conducting pre-test and post-test to measure the acquisition of the treatment (treatment) on the object of research. The samples taken in this study were children aged 4-5 years in TK A2 class in TK IA as many as 18 children. Retrieval of research data using validity tests and online questions. The data analysis technique used is the validity test for media and Quizizz materials and comparative statistics for online questions. The results of the validity test for media and materials in Quizizz show that Quizizz is valid and can be used as a learning medium in kindergarten. The result of comparative statistics is to test the hypothesis that there is a difference between two (or more) variables being studied in the implementation of online questions during the pre-test and post-test. The hypothesis states that there is a strengthening of the numerical ability of the research object after the use of Quizizz learning media. This can be seen from the results of the t test where t count > t table at a significant level of 5% (of 15.52). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-teaching is a teaching method currently used by many universities in Indonesia to provide real-world experiences and practice basic teaching skills. This method is able to provide optimal results when it is accompanied by observation, assessment, and optimal feedback to students. Observation, assessment, and feedback activities will run well if the adequate assessment instruments support them, meet the current demands, and are valid. This study aims to develop and validate an instrument for assessing basic teaching skills in implementing microteaching. The instrument was developed by adding skills in using technology in TPACK-based learning following the demands of teacher competence in the 21st century. This research is a development research which involves 53 students as samples. The instrument that has been developed can be used to implement online or offline microteaching. A total of 78 statement items were generated to assess eight basic teaching skills. Three validators carried out expert validation and stated that 92.4% of the instrument was feasible. The reliability test with Cronbach's alpha is 0.9 (very reliable). The item validity test resulted in 56 valid items, and for the evaluation survey, student responses as instrument users gave good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The student's TPACK ability is low, so an appropriate measurement instrument is needed. This study aims to measure the content validity of self-assessment instruments to measure college students' TPACK abilities using Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) methods. At the validation stage, this research is part of development research to develop a TPACK-based Subject Specific Pedagogy (SSP) to strengthen the scientific literacy of college students at the Primary Educational Teacher Department Universitas Muria Kudus. Before developing the SSP, measurements were made to analyze college students' TPACK abilities. TPACK ability is measured by a self-assessment instrument in the form of a questionnaire for college students consisting of components Pedagogical Knowledge, Technological Knowledge, Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge, Technological Content Knowledge, and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. The self-assessment was validated by 13 experts in the fields of assessment, physics material, biology material, pedagogy, and curriculum. The results of the analysis using the CVR method get the results that the CVR calculation is 0.692 and the CVI is 0.846. This result is by Lawshe's minimum limit of 0.538, while the quantitative descriptive results obtained 82.99% or very valid scores. Thus, it is concluded that self-assessment can measure students' TPACK abilities that are very valid, relevant, and suitably used for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effect of applying a problem-posing approach on mathematical problem-solving ability. The research method used in this study is a quasi-experimental design with a post-test-only control group design. Sampling techniques by applying random cluster sampling. The sample classes selected in this study were class XI MIPA 4 and XI MIPA 5 SMA Negeri 1 Jakarta. The instrument used in this study consists of 5 questions with polynomials as a topic to measure students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. That five questions have gone through validity and reliability tests before being tested on the sample. The results of testing the statistical hypothesis using the t-test using the significance α = 0.05 were obtained tcount > 5.389 > ttable = 1.665 so that the application of learning with the problem-posing approach affected student's mathematical problem-solving ability. In addition, the result of a large calculation of the influence with Cohen's d Effect Size was obtained by 1,213. These results show that the problem-posing approach has an 88% effect on students mathematical problem-solving abilities and falls into a large category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable construction is a process of producing a sustainable building by taking into account environmentally friendly principles, and using resources effectively and efficiently from the commencement of the planning, implementation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition process. The problem of this research is the extent to which the understanding and application of the concept of sustainable construction on contractors in Banda Aceh. The purpose of this research is to analyze the understanding and application of the concept of sustainable construction on contractors in Banda Aceh. The study was conducted in the form of a distributed questionnaire containing statement items regarding the understanding and application of the concept of sustainable construction on contractors in Banda Aceh, with respondents of small (K) and medium (M) qualified contractors. The number of contractors involved in this study was 44 contractors in Banda Aceh. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling. The variables used in this research are the variables of understanding the concept of sustainable construction and the variable of implementing the concept of sustainable construction. The validity test results obtained that the r-count value of each variable is entirely greater than the r-table and the r-table value for 1% significance is 0.3843. This shows that the data obtained is valid. Furthermore, the reliability test results on each variable obtained a total value greater than 0.6. This shows that the data obtained is reliable. Based on the descriptive analysis of the variable understanding the concept of sustainable construction, the mean value was 4.287, and the variable application of the sustainable construction concept obtained a mean value of 3.851. This shows that the majority of contractors understand the concept of sustainable construction. In its application, almost all respondents optimize selecting environmentally friendly materials because they are readily available in Banda Aceh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present numerical simulations using Finite Elements Method (FEM) that test the validity of a quasi 1D analytical model for a winding in an oil-filled distribution transformer with partial cooling ducts. We do this by employing a 2D FEM model of the transformer winding. The winding in the analytical and simulation model is represented with homogeneously distributed heat source and anisotropic thermal conductivity. We show that the numerical results confirm the assumptions of the analytical model for typical values of the parameters of the winding, but for certain marginal situations the anisotropic conductivity and 2D FEM model may also lead to unphysical predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this evaluation research is to determine the success of fieldwork practice (Indonesian: Praktik Kerja Lapangan (PKL)) or industrial practice program implementation in each department of the Faculty of Engineering, State University of Manado, in terms of context evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation, product evaluation, and overall evaluation in 2020. The researcher in this study used the CIPP model. Students enrolled in the electrical engineering education study program who took fieldwork practice in the sixth semester served as data sources or respondents. In addition, program coordinators and supervisors were included as respondents in this study. A simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents. Furthermore, data were gathered through a survey method with a closed questionnaire. Aside from that, the data was analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and data verification. Internal and external validity tests were used to determine the validity of the data. The results showed that the program's context, input, process, and product dominate the excellent category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) are part of the 21st-century skills that are important for everyone, including prospective Physics teachers. Prospective Physics teachers must have HOTS as stated in the learning outcomes. The achievement of HOTS for prospective physics teachers is carried out through an assessment. Assessment can describe the actual ability of a good instrument that is valid and reliable. The study aimed to analyze the validity and reliability construct of the Fundamental Physics Higher Order Thinking Skill (FundPhysHOTS) test instrument. This study is a descriptive study applying a quantitative approach. The data used in this study were student responses to the FundPhysHOTS test instrument. The test instrument is Two-Tier Multiple Choice (TTMC) with a polytomous score of 4 categories score (1,2,3 and 4). The research subjects were 264 prospective physics teacher students consisting of 148 prospective physics teachers at one of the universities in West Java province and 116 prospective physics teachers at universities in Banten province. Data analysis using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results indicated that most of the items developed had good construct validity (with a loading factor (λ) value more than 0.4). It means that the items developed are valid in measuring the HOTS of prospective teacher students. The construct reliability of this test instrument belongs to the reliable category (reliability construct coefficient value 0.514, more than 0.5; and Cronbach Alpha value is 0.86, more than 0.80), which means it has good consistency and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to develop standardized test instruments to measure 21st century skills (4Cs) based on real laboratory for Indonesian eleventh grade high school students on the subject of temperature and heat transfer. The method used in this study is research and development (R&D) by adapting the ADDIE development model. The instruments used to consist of 16 items multiple choices measuring 21st century skills based on real laboratory both for temperature and heat transfer topic. The same instrument was tested on 3 experts and 63 eleventh grade students who attended school on the island of Java, consisting of 37 female students and 26 male students. The revised results will be processed to become stage 2 test instruments. We analyzed the feasibility of 21st century skills test instruments using an ANATES V4. We analyze its validity using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). We found that the test of sub-material temperature and expansion has high reliability 0.60 and for the test of sub-material conduction heat transfer has enough reliability 0.49. There are some problems not validated are caused by several factors, such as students simply guessing the answers, not watching experimental videos first, not studying heat matter, etc. The implication of this study is that the problems with this proposed standardized test should be further improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to test the validity, effectiveness, and practicality of STEAM-based teaching materials developed of Statistics material in SMK Pariwisata PHT Cianjur. The research design used is Research & Development which is simplified into two stages, namely the preliminary stage and the development stage. The teaching materials developed have a very high level of validity, for the content suitability aspect it reaches a score of 83.13% while 81.67% for the linguistic aspect and 83.33% for the graphic. STEAM-based teaching materials of statistical to improve mathematical literacy get a positive response and worth applying to learning. This is because the validated teaching materials are presented in an attractive manner, easily understood by students, and directly apply the benefits of studying statistics material in everyday life according to the majors they have. This research will have a good impact on the mathematics learning process in class XII SMK, because the statistical teaching materials that have been made are suitable for use in the learning process at school, besides that these teaching materials are able to improve students' mathematical literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to produce a culture-based mathematics learning model. This learning model was adapted from the Makassar Bugis culture-based mathematics learning model which focuses on the cultural philosophy of a'bulo sibatang. This research is development research using the 4D model which consists of define, design, develop, and disseminate. Retrieval of data used product assessment questionnaire sheets in the form of the aspects of content and construct validity as well as practicality and student response questionnaires. Trials were conducted with small group trials and large group trials. The test subjects were 30 students of class V SDN 87 Buttakeke. The results showed that the culture-based learning model a'bulo sibatang was feasible to use in the learning process. The results of the analysis of the validity of the learning model reached valid criteria,the practical aspects of the learning model were in good category and quite practical and the students' responses to the a'bulo Sibatang culture-based learning model received quite good responses so that the overall the a'bulo sibatang culture-based mathematics learning model can be implemented in the learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several big cities in Indonesia continue to try to unravel their traffic jams, including the city of Bekasi as one of the supporting areas for the capital city of Jakarta, which cannot be separated from the problem of congestion. The use of Big Data has the potential to reduce congestion in an area. By extracting the data collected from the location service application which is one of the indicators of traffic performance and then comparing it with the processing of data from the survey results directly in the field using the manual method commonly used. So that it can be known the validity of the extracted data and the comparison of the effectiveness of the methods used. This research is a study that utilizes the Data Base generated from every Smartphone that activates "location services" on its. The time value obtained is then converted into units of speed. To be able to use the data from Google Maps, Based on the results of the study, it is known that there is a method that can be used to get predictions of traffic performance in the form of fluctuations in travel speed with complete data throughout the day and a fairly easy way compared to conventional survey methods. By getting the fluctuation of travel speed in 1 day, it is obtained the prediction of the time of congestion that occurs on the road/network. The fluctuating speed decreased from early in the afternoon at 09.00 until the evening at 19.00. A significant decrease was found in the Stadium-SPBU segment which reached its lowest speed on weekends at 15.00-16.00 with an average speed of 14.7 Km/hour. The results of the validity test of the Google API extraction simulation data with conventional survey results, its known that the performance of simulation results is still valid and worth to used as a method of data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of interactive multimedia is carried out to solve the problems experienced by educators in delivering course material to students. This study aims to produce interactive multimedia products in the Basics of Educational Science course and determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the developed interactive multimedia products to be valid, practical, and effectively used. This type of research is development research known as Research and Development (R&D), using a 4D development model. The development procedures in this study consisted of 4: (1) Define (definition), (2) Design (Design), (3) Develop (Development), (4) Disseminate (Deployment). The validity test was carried out by three validators: one material expert validator and two media expert validators. Practicality tests were carried out on 30 students from the Basics of Educational Science class at Padang State University. Based on the results of the feasibility assessment from one material expert, the interactive multimedia developed was in the "valid" category with a value of 4.79. While the results of the assessment of two media experts in the "valid" category with a value of 4.11. The results of the practicality test for interactive multimedia products are in the "valid" category with a value of 4.29. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the test obtained t = 4.67, while ttable with df = 30 at significance level α 0.05 = 2.045. It can be seen that the value of tcount is greater than ttable (4.67>2.045). Based on these results, it can be concluded that interactive multimedia can be used for students of the Basics of Educational Sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is part of the research on developing a STEM-oriented Problem Posing learning model to improve Independence and Problem Solving ability in Calculus course. This study aimed to describe the content validity and reliability of the instrument starting from the preliminary research stage, prototype stage, and assessment stage. 15 instruments will be validated using the V-Aitken coefficient and reliability with the ICC (Item Correlation Coefficient). The results of this study indicate that at each stage of the research has a valid and very valid value with a V-Aitken value above 0.4, and each instrument is also reliable with an ICC value above 0.5. Based on the results of this study, all instruments related to the development of the STEM-oriented Problem Posing learning model are suitable for use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is intended to provide an analysis of experts' validation in Language, Instrument and Assessment, and Vocational Education on the theoretical framework of vocational literacy models. The study uses descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach of confirming the validity about the content of a concept and theoretical frameworkThe instrument used is an expert validation sheet in which the data from the validation results are classified based on the concept of vocational literacy that has been designed in previous research. The concept consists of 4 dimensions, namely the context of knowledge, mastery of knowledge, a process to competence, and work attitude. Then developed into 4 indicators for each dimension, namely aspects of work preparation, response to technology, communication, and collaboration. The results of the development are presented in a more efficient and valid written concept. So it can be concluded that the vocational literacy framework can be used as a construct that is feasible to be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the numerical simulation of the Caputo-time fractional model of Klein-Fock Gordon (FKFG) equations which exhibit the behavior of spinless particle-like Higgs Boson. We have taken the homotopy perturbation J-transform method(HPJTM) for the numerical solution of the FKFG equation in form of convergent series. At first, some properties of J-transform for the Caputo fractional derivative, used to develop the method are also investigated. The convergence analysis of the adopted model has also been provided. In order to test the validity/effectiveness of HPJTM, three different test examples of FKFG equations have been studied numerically, and the evaluated approximate behaviors are also depicted graphically. The outcomes clarify that the proposed HPJTM is very efficient and easy to implement. The theoretical demonstration reveals that evaluated series solutions via HPJTM are comparatively more accurate as compared to the other existing techniques and converge very fast to the exact solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High work productivity is very important for hospitals, because it is very closely related to the results to be achieved. Productivity is one indicator in the provision of nursing care. Through the improvement of work discipline, communication and perception of the work environment, it is hoped that the resulting nurse's work productivity can be more optimal. The results of observations at the Royal Prima General Hospital Medan show that the average employee absentee level in 2020 for the last 12 months has been stable. The problem studied in this study is the analysis of the influence of work discipline, communication and perceptions of working environmental conditions on the work productivity of nurses at the Royal Prima General Hospital Medan. at the Royal Prima General Hospital, Medan. The sample in this study were nurses at the Royal Prima General Hospital in Medan who had served for 1 year totaling 110 people with a sample of 86 people using the Slovin formula. The data collection method uses a questionnaire, the analysis method uses multivariate analysis, with instrument tests (validity test and reliability test), classical assumption test, and hypothesis testing (coefficient of determination, simultaneous significance test and partial test) using SPSS for Windows version 25. The results showed that the work discipline variable had a positive and significant effect on the work productivity of nurses, the communication variable did not have a positive and significant effect on the work productivity of nurses and the variable work environment conditions had no positive and not very significant effect on the work productivity of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to produce a guided inquiry learning model design based on blended learning (moriblend) and to determine the validity of the moriblend. This type of research is R & D with the ADDIE development model, which is limited to three stages, namely analysis, design, and development. The research subjects were four 5th grade educators from different elementary schools in Blado District, Batang Regency. The data were obtained through in-depth interview techniques and questionnaire techniques. Quantitative data is in the form of a moriblend which refers to a four-interval Likert scale. Qualitative data is in the form of needs analysis results through in-depth interviews with four educators. The data analysis technique consisted of an interactive model on needs analysis and a quantitative descriptive technique on the validity test of the moriblend design. The validity of the data was tested by triangulation of sources. The research resulted in moriblend design consisting of seven components associated with scientific literacy indicators, including goals, social systems, syntax, reaction principles, instructional impacts, and accompaniment impacts. The moriblend is validated through a feasibility test on an expert and it resulted in an average score of 92.6%. The average value is interpreted qualitatively using a conversion table and shows a "very valid" result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to test the feasibility of the argumentation configuration question instrument based on the concept map of Bryophyta material at the high school level. The feasibility test of the instrument measured includes four parameters, namely validity, reliability, level of difficulty, and discriminating power. The research was carried out with the following steps: compiling students' argumentation configuration instruments by integrating argumentation components, each of which was followed by a Concept Map (CM) component, then make indicators starting from the argumentation evidence component followed by the CM component, namely valid relationships, hierarchies, cross-links, branching, patterns, and examples. Other argumentative components are warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal, and claim, followed by the same CM component. Indicators with the same meaning are reduced so that there are 14 indicators of questions that are done by students as true or false questions. 143 students worked on 29.40% boys and 70.60% girls from two high schools. Data were analyzed using RASCH Model with Winstep 3.73 application. The results of the analysis are: the validity test is seen from the MNSQ Output, ZSTD Output, Point Measure Correlation (Pt Mean Corr) with valid results, the reliability test is seen from the Cronbach Alpha 0.93 or very good, the difficulty level is got from the item separation index of 3.26 which means the instrument has a good grain distribution, while the difference is seen by Pt Mean Corr with very good results. Based on the results of the RASCH MODEL analysis, it can be concluded that the instrument of argument configuration questions based on the concept map of Bryophyta material at the high school level is workable to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management system (KMS) provides a way of how a person knowledge can be managed, can be stored in the system database and can be distributed to other people, especially in enterprises, institutions or organizations. KMS needs to be applied because each person has different skills and knowledge in the unit of work. The problems that arise when this is the accuracy of the method ACWA (Applied Cognitife Work Analysis) to design the KMS, how to order repository that exists on the KMS made this can provide solutions to use in the management of one's knowledge. In this section, the author will design a KMS through the method of ACWA (Applied Cognitive Work Analysis) to create a repository KMS to analyze the needs of the user to the application that will be designed to make it easier to understand. The method of development of the system KMS, uses the RAD (Rapid Application Development) in order to provide the appropriate information. And last performed measurement of testing the feasibility of the system KMS-based website with test validity and realiability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental measurement is done by giving quantitative values to the human mind, this method is a big step in the formation of mathematical concepts and the logic of one's thinking in order to be able to reason well. However, sometimes math can get really scary, because it's too difficult so it's important to learn the results of mental measurements through math tests. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of mental measurements using the Donlon and Fischer method. The research methodology uses experiments with a quantitative approach. Quantitative data collection using a questionnaire method in the form of a test instrument. Quantitative data collection was obtained by testing the validity and reliability. The sample of this research is 700 students of class IX science high school in Jakarta. The results showed that the Donlon and Fischer method was the right method for detecting abnormal mental measurement results. The next conclusion, the impropriety of mental measurement results through mathematical tests can occur in the correct score model. Research implementation, Donlon and Fischer methods can be used to analyze the results of mental measurements through the difficulty level of items on the delta scale as the basis for calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The observation result of the latest seven-years score in Indonesia shows that the average national exam score of high school students especially in wave material have decreased from year to year. This is therefore learning media is needed in the form of practice question to increase student high order thinking skill. This research aims to develop high order thinking skill (HOTS) test instrument for high school student in wave material. The method used was the research and development method (Research and Development, R & D) by Borg & Gall. HOTS wave test instrument is developed in multiple-choice tests. The validity test result by expert obtained a value of 81.4% and can be categorized decent. While based on item validity test obtained 30 items validly question, the proportion of discrimination power (8 well and 22 good), the proportion of difficulty level (9 easy questions, 19 medium questions, and 2 difficult questions), and the reliability of the questions is 0.94. The type of HOTS wave test instrument is critical-thinking, problem-solving, creative thinking, and desicion-making. The HOTS wave test instrument has been adjusted based on criticism and suggestion from students that suits students needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numeracy is an important and much needed skill in the 21st century. Numeracy can train the ability to reason, interpret data, and identify information. Numeracy of prospective elementary school teachers needs to be known by using an appropriate measuring instrument or meeting the validity and reliability tests. Based on this statement, this study aims to provide an overview of the process of testing the validity and reliability of numeracy test for prospective elementary school teacher. The process begins with content validation and construct validation tests involving four experts consisting of one Indonesian language expert, a lecturer in language and literature education, and two mathematics education lecturers using the Aiken's V formula which resulted in very good and good categories. Validity of the instrument was tested using the bivariate method. Reliability of the instrument in this study used the Cronbach alpha method. After that, the validity test in the field and reliability test were carried out. From the validity test, it was found that 7 numeration test questions were categorized as valid and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze students' numeracy literacy skills based on emotional intelligence in learning mathematics and gender for class VIII in the academic year 2020-2021. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a qualitative descriptive research design. The subjects of this research are students of class VIII-8 SMPN 32 Jakarta. The instruments used are questionnaires, tests and interviews. Data analysis was carried out with data reduction techniques, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Checking the validity of the data in this study was carried out through a credibility test which included triangulation of sources, techniques and time. Before conducting the research, the researcher tested the validity and reliability of the instruments used. The results of the study concluded that: (1) students' numeracy literacy skills based on high and moderate emotional intelligence reached all four indicators or all indicators that had been determined. This is because students' answers in general can write and answer things related to each of the indicators of this research. (2) the numeracy literacy ability of students with low emotional intelligence only reached 1-2 indicators of the 4 indicators found in this study. This is because students with low emotional intelligence are often less able to write and answer matters relating to each of the indicators contained in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blended learning has become a ubiquitous part of students experience in tertiary education. Blende learning can run as expected if it is supported by appropriate learning tools. This study aims to describe the validity of learning packages for blended learning with metacognitive approach that consisted of lesson plan and lesson book. This study was the part of research and development that was 4D model. Validation was carried out by three experts which used validation instrument. The result of the validity test show that the average value for lesson plan is 3,8 and the average value for the text book is 3,7. Based on the values, it can be concluded that the learning packages that consist of lecture plan and text book for blended learning with a metacognitive approach meet the validity criteria since the lesson plan and the text book is in "very valid" category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is part of the development of assessment for learning based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Senior High Schools (SMA). The purpose of the research at this stage is to analyze the content validity of assessment for learning based on HOTS. Assessment for learning was developed in an essay format based on the results of the synthesis of the sub-dimensional Bloom's Taxonomy, Marzano's Taxonomy, and SOLO's Taxonomy. The results of the sub-dimensional synthesis produced 11 item indicators based on the SOLO Taxonomy. The HOTS-based assessment for learning was validated by 9 experts qualitatively including : 1) the suitability of the items with the SOLO Taxonomy sub-dimensions, 2) the suitability of the items with indicators, 3) the suitability of the main items, 4) the language used, 5) the functioning of the image, tables, and graphs in the items, and 6) the functioning of the rubric. Qualitative data was collected and then analyzed quantitatively with Aiken'V content validation. Based on the results of Aiken'V content validation from 11 valid items, it can be concluded that the assessment for learning based on HOTS is valid based on content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Misconceptions always occur in chemistry learning, especially in the reaction rate material, this is because the concept is abstract, so concept visualization is needed. This study aims to analyze the misconceptions of class XI students at the sub-microscopic level on the reaction rate material. This research method is descriptive quantitative, includes: (1) preparation of TTMCT items, (2) validation of items, (3) trials of items, (4) data analysis using Rasch model, (5) revision of items, (6) implementation, (7) implementation data analysis, (8) analysis of sub-microscopic level misconceptions. The subjects in this study were 38 students of class XI. The misconception analysis data was obtained from the results of students' answers to the TTMCT questions. The instrument used has been tested for validity and reliability. There are three reliability values obtained from the analysis of Rasch modeling, namely the reliability of person, item and Cronbach alpha. Person reliability values are 0.80 and 0.83, item reliability values are 0.90 and 0.91, and Cronbach's alpha value is 0.84. There are 18 valid items out of a total of 20 items. The results showed that the percentage of misconceptions at the sub-microscopic level was 29%, namely 11 out of 38 students experienced sub-microscopic misconceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]