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This paper proposes an IoT-based automatic baby cry detection system using a Raspberry Pi module. The system captures input sound through a condenser microphone, which can be either a baby cry or an environmental sound. The system then extracts features such as Root Mean Square (RMS), Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR), Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Spectral Centroid (SC), and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) from the sound data. These features are classified using the Keras Sequential API. If the output from the classification module is detected as a baby cry sound, the system sends an alert to the parent/caretaker using the Telebot application. The proposed system can be useful for busy parents/caretakers who may not always be able to attend to their child's needs. The results show that the proposed system achieved high accuracy in distinguishing baby cries from environmental sounds, demonstrating its potential for real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we implement a continuous-time linear time-invariant (LTI) system and validate its properties through system identification. We specifically explore two identification methods: one that relies on utilizing generalized Laguerre functions (GLF) and another that employs the least squares (LS) approach, all within a noisy environment. Our findings reveal a substantial reduction in Root Mean Square (RMS) error when employing the GLF identification method compared to the method utilizing least squares approximation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In medicine, X-ray images are important, on the basis of which medical professionals can obtain necessary information about the internal structures of patients. The diagnosis is determined using the information that has been received. In some cases, it will not be possible to obtain information sufficient for diagnosis from X-ray image. For example, if the radiation is not delivered to the patient in sufficient quantity, the contrast of the medical X-ray image will not meet the requirement, which means that the analysis of the image will be complicated. This does not allow for making an accurate diagnosis. So, when fine-tuning the contrast of the X-ray image, it's important to guide the patient through the initial processing of the X-ray image, sparing them from undergoing a re-examination. The automation of this process requires the use of objective evaluation indicators. The primary objective of this research is to enhance the contrast of X-ray images through the utilization of an algorithm. Additionally, it aims to evaluate the resulting images using the widely recognized RMS (Root Mean Square) evaluation indicator. Furthermore, the research seeks to identify the most effective algorithm or sequence of algorithms based on this evaluation indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has great water energy potential to be utilized as a future energy source, one of which comes from river water flow. The water turbine is an energy conversion machine that can transform the kinetic energy of the water flow into mechanical energy. One of the water turbines obtained from the value of Indonesian local wisdom is the goosefootwater turbine. To predict flow behaviour accurately and precisely, a tool that can be used to simulate the real phenomenon is needed, namely Computational Fluid Dynamics. The turbine is designed using Inventor 18 software which has a construction of 6 blades and 17 fins. The simulation was using Ansys (CFX) software in three stages; pre-processing, solving, and post-processing. In the pre-processing stage geometry is generated, determining and naming boundary conditions for meshing and setting up. Set up process in control solver uses k-epsilon and root mean square (RMS) residual criterion. The solving stage for running process uses local parallel and double precision settings. Post-processing stage, tangential speed and torque results are obtained. The fluid flow characteristics analysed are velocity and torque. The results of this study classify five flow behaviours with characteristics that can be distinguished based on the path traversed, namely free water flow (laminar, Re= 1869.11), fin hitting flow (transition, Re= 2872.79), flow between blades (vortex, Re= 8001.35), fin outflow (laminar, Re= 521.48; laminar, Re= 2000.05), and turbine outflow (turbulent, Re= 7192.91). The phenomenon of the water turbine blades moving forward causes the blade fins to close so that the compressive force of the water blocking the blades becomes smaller, and if the turbine blades move backwards the blade fins will open, so that thecompressive force on the blade fins becomes larger and can push the water turbine to rotate faster. This rotating impulsethat is getting faster and faster is what causes the goosefoot water turbine to extract water energy to the maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we show the results of one of the very few physical-based approaches for the estimation of surface parameters from infrared instruments on board geostationary platforms. The approach has been developed for the infrared channels of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) geostationary platform and here has been applied to the region encompassing the Mediterranean, observed by more than 170000 SEVIRI pixels every 15 minutes, for the physical retrieval of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST). The methodology is based on a Kalman filter and enables simultaneous retrieval of surface emissivity and temperature from SEVIRI infrared radiance measurements using channels at 8.7, 10.8, and 12 µm. When run on a PC with a CPU clocked at 2.7GHz and 8GB of RAM, the processor needs about 0.002 s for each pixel to retrieve SST. So for the Mediterranean region, it takes about 7 minutes with a single CPU, i.e. this processor is ready for real-time computing for this region. We tested the processor by comparing its results with SST retrieved from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite measurements. AVHRR and SEVIRI L2 SST show an excellent agreement with correlation coefficients larger than 0.99, with no bias and a root mean squared difference of less than 0.2 °C. Finally, this methodology shows that the Mediterranean Sea has warmed by four cents of Celsius per year in the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiO films are grown on c-sapphire substrates using pulsed laser deposition technique at different growth temperatures. Both in-plane and out of plane X-ray diffraction studies reveal high epitaxial quality of the film on sapphire. The surface morphology of the films is studied by atomic force microscopy, which shows smooth and continuous morphology with root mean square (RMS) roughness less than 2 nm. Resistivity of the film is observed to depend strongly on the growth temperature. This has been attributed to the growth temperature dependent variation of Ni vacancy concentration in the film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays the mechanism of destruction of macromolecules under the impact of ultrasonic cavitation is known based on the fact that under conditions of ultrasonic cavitation, microscopic zones of extremely high pressures are created, in which the probability of macromolecule rupture acts increases. The rupture occurs if and only if the relative velocity during the collision of macromolecules with each other exceeds the critical value. Due to cavitation, the proportion of macromolecules whose relative velocity exceeds the critical value increases. To construct a model that makes it possible to adequately predict the kinetics of this process under the action of ultrasound, it is first necessary to carry out a numerical study of the formation of fragments upon collision of a pair of macromolecules. A numerical model is proposed to reveal the molecular weights of fragments formed upon collision. A method has been proposed to reduce the number of unknown functions by a factor of 4 compared to the complete system of equations in the mechanics of monomeric links, based on symmetry in the proposed problem statement. The influence of the mutual orientation of oligomer macromolecules on the number of formed fragments was studied numerically. It was found that the smallest number of fragments (2 fragments) is formed upon collision with a high velocity, more than 2.9 times higher than the mean square, and an angle of mutual orientation of macromolecules close to direct. At a low impact velocity (more than 3 times less than the root mean square), many fragments with an irregular structure are formed. The results obtained can serve as a guideline for the development of a macroscopic kinetic model for the evolution of the fractional composition of monomeric units (the evolution of the concentrations of monomeric units of different standard weights). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the two-body model of [Core + p] within Gaussian (GS) and Woods Saxon (WS) wave functions, the ground state properties of exotic 9C and 12N nuclei are examined. These properties include the neutron, proton, and matter densities, related root mean square (rms) radii, and elastic form factors. Proton and matter densities calculated for these nuclei show a long tail. These exotic nuclei's elastic form factors are determined using the plane wave Born approximation (PWBA). There is a significant difference between the elastic form factors of these exotic nuclei and their stable isotopes 13C and 14N because the extra neutrons in 9C and 12N cause variations in the proton density distributions. The Kox and Glauber models are used to examine the reaction cross-sections for these nuclei. Furthermore, the matter rms radii of these exotic nuclei are determined using the Glauber model. For the chosen exotic nuclei, the calculated results and the experimental data agree well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two-body model of (Core+n) within Gaussian (GS) and Woods Saxon (WS) wave functions is used to look at the ground state features of exotic 8Li and 11Be nuclei, such as the neutron, proton, and matter densities and corresponding root mean square (rms) radii. The computed matter and neutron densities of these nuclei show a long tail. These exotic nuclei's elastic form factors are determined using the plane wave born approximation (PWBA). The extra neutrons in 8Li and 11Be caused a change in the proton density distributions, which resulted in a significant discrepancy between the elastic form factors of these exotic nuclei and those of their stable isotopes 7Li and 9Be. The Kox and Glauber models examine these nuclei's reaction cross-sections. The calculated results for the selected exotic nuclei are in a good agreement with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A graph G(V, E) with p vertices and q edges is said to have a vertex odd root square mean graceful labeling if there exists a bijection M from V (G) to {1, 3, ...,2q+1} so that the induced mapping M* from E(G) to {3, 4, ..., 2q+1} given by: M * (e = cd)= ⌈ M(c) 2 + M(d) 2 2 ⌉ if |M(c)-M(d)| is even cd∈E(G) is an injective. Through this research work, we examine vertex odd root square mean graceful labeling on complete bipartite graph and some product graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrocardiogram (ECG), it is used to screen for numerous cardiac issues. De-noising ECG data is a crucial pre-processing technique that minimises noise while increasing the normal swells in ECG signals. Experimenters have devised a number of methods for describing morphological abnormalities throughout time. This research looks at the process and design principles used by various styles, as well as the classification of state-of-the-art styles into separate orders for collective comparison and the development of ultramodern styles to denoise ECG. Different approaches' performance is compared using standard measures such as root mean square error, chance root mean square difference, and signal-to-noise rate improvement. ECG is important in diagnosing the majority of heart problems. The P-QRS-T swells make up one cardiac cycle in an ECG signal. For posterior analysis, this point birth technique determines the boundaries and intervals in the ECG signal. The borders and intervals values of the P-QRS-T component govern the cardiac function of every individual. Fuzzy Sense Styles, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), SR-Scat Net Algorithm, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and other Signal Analysis methods were heavily used in the presented schemes. All of these methods and algorithms have benefits and drawbacks. This suggested study addresses the various methods and metamorphoses for determining the rooting point from an ECG signal that have been proposed previously in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of Imaging Techniques which is used to visualize human body have three kind of electromagnetic waves that work sinergically producing images. Each electromagnetic wave used has a side effect. One of the three electromagnetic waves that work in producing images on MRI is an electromagnetic wave that has a frequency of 10-400 MHz which serves to stimulate the excitation process in protons. This wave wellknown as Radiofrequency. Radiofrequency's side effects are known as the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). International Committee on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) state that the accepted SAR dose don't exceeded limit of the threshold set by ICNIRP it can cause a heat effect that can be harmful to humans. The SAR value is influenced by conductivity, root mean square and mass density. This study has a purpose to find out the relationship between the patient's weight as a variable that represents the mass densityand the resulting SAR value. The root mean square is set at 230 mm² and 320 mm² (Thoracal- Lumbar MRI examination field) and Conductivity is locked with the metal-free screening for patient to avoid affect of heat increasing due to the conductivity of metal. The research method used is descriptive quantitative on 43 samples with statistical analysis of Shapiro Wilk's normality and homogeneity test. Meanwhile, to see the relationship between the patient's weight and the SAR value use independent t test and how the relationship between the patient's weight and the SAR value is using the Pearson's Product Moment test. The results of independent t-test obtained sig. (2 tailed) 0.000<0.05 indicates that there is a difference in the SAR value between the group of patients weighing < 60 kgs and the group of patients weighing > 60 kgs. Meanwhile, in the Pearson Product Moment correlation test, the sig value is obtained. of 0.000<0.05, it states that there is a relationship between the patient's weight and the SAR value with the Pearson correlation value of 0.608 which indicates a strong relationship between the patient's weight and the resulting SAR value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phospholipid molecules in aqueous systems have the ability to form aggregate structures i.e. liposomes. Previous molecular dynamics simulation study of the aggregation of several phospholipid species has been carried out using coarse-grained model. However, aggregation of phospholipid mixtures with cholesterol as well as beta-carotene have never been simulated before. This study reveals the aggregation profile of phospholipid assemblies with cholesterol and beta-carotene. Phospholipid species (DLPS, DOPS, and DLiPS), cholesterol and beta-carotene coarse-grained models were created using VMD (Visual Molecular Dynamics) package and simulated with NAMD (Scalable Molecular Dynamics) package. Analysis of system total energy and RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation) was performed by VMD. The results indicate that the systems formed various metastable structures such as concave micelles, disc-like micelles, toroidal micelles, liposomes, and stable structures such as planar bilayers. In addition, the systems with 30% and 40% cholesterol were found to have the strongest potential forming liposomes compared to other concentrations, with or without beta-carotene. Addition of cholesterol increased the total energy value, membrane thickness, liposome diameter, and life span. The molecular dynamics simulation can predict that liposomes can encapsulate cholesterol and beta-carotene well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) since 2006 until now has installed a lot of accelerograph equipment as many as 669 station locations, to determine the quality and characteristics of the seismic noise, in this study an evaluation of the accelerograph data was carried out. The evaluation report is carried out on weekly data so that in this study, seismic noise recording data was used for 7 days from September 27 to October 3, 2021. Evaluation such as analyzing the noise level using the Probabilistic Power Spectral Density (PPSD) method. The PPSD method describes the quality of the accelerograph data compared with the signal spectral of Power Spectral Density (PSD) for 7 days with the standard accelerometer noise model, namely the Accelerometer Low-Noise Model (ALNM) and the Accelerometer High-Noise Model (AHNM) subjectively. The results of data quality analysis were evaluated by weighting the results of the PPSD analysis by 50% with other parameters by 50% in the form of Root Mean Square (RMS), amplitude ratio, percentage of data availability, number of gaps, and amount of overlap. Furthermore, based on the results of PSD signal analysis and accelerograph data, 193 locations with high cultural noise were found, 27 locations had the digitizer or sensor damages, 12 locations experienced dataless equipment response errors, and 37 locations frequently experienced data gaps. Based on the results of spectrum analysis and supporting parameters, the evaluation form of accelerograph data quality are grouped into good condition, fair condition, bad, and off condition. As a result, 669 accelerograph locations, 217 locations were good condition, 177 fair conditions, 96 bad conditions, and 179 were off condition. Finally, recommendations for locations that have fair condition and bad condition were maintenance, sensor replacement. Meanwhile, it has been suggested that location changes can be adopted if the environmental noise has extremely high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization free water flow can be used one of the fluid machines is water turbines. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum performance and efficiency in variations of the water turbine geometry model. The research method used a quasi-experimental method with a Design of Experiment made on Minitab 18.0 using the Taguchi Orthogonal Array L9 method. Experimental variations were carried out 9 times. The turbine was designed using Inventor 18 software of 6 blades with variations fins 13, 15, and 17. The simulation was using Ansys (CFX) software in three stages, pre-processing, solving, and post-processing. In the pre-processing stage, geometry is generated, determining and naming boundary conditions for meshing and setting up. Set up process in the control solver uses k-epsilon and root mean square (RMS) residual criterion. The solving stage for the running process uses local parallel and double-precision settings. Post-processing stage, tangential speed, and torque results are obtained. Simulation results show the highest tangential speed of 6.45 m/s and the highest torque of 40.53 Nm. The calculation of water turbine performance shows the highest turbine power of 142.71 Watt. Final result of Taguchi method among others response Means (M) from highest to lowest, namely velocity (M = 24,587), number of fins (M = 10,210), and turbine depth (M = 2,047). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For any graph G = (V, E) with p vertices and q edges. A labeling f of G is said to be a root square mean labeling if f is a mapping of V(G) to {1,2, ..., q + 1} such that the induced function f* of edge e = (u, v) is defined by f*(e) = ⌊ u 2 + v 2 2 ⌋ or ⌈ u 2 + v 2 2 ⌉ is an injection function. Let G be a graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set (G). Path with order n, denoted by Pn, is a graph with 2 vertices of degree 1 and n − 2 vertices of degree 2. The middle graph of G, denoted by M(G), is a graph with the vertex set V(G) ∪ G(G) and two vertex u and v in M(G) are adjecent if u and v are adjecent edges in G or u is a vertex, v is an edges, and u and v are incident in G. In this paper, we determine a root square mean labelling of disjoint union of path and the middle graph of path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of angiogenesis in skin cancer is an important process in the growth and spread of cancer. The inhibition of the angiogenesis process through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expected to inhibit the growth of skin cancer, especially squamous skin cancer. Allicin from single garlic containing high sulfur, such as N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), is said to have antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic effects. To predict in silico the anti-angiogenic potential of garlic Allicin in inhibiting EGFR of skin cancer. This research uses a set of computers with Windows 10 specifications, 64 bits, and the ChemDraw Professional 16.0 program, Chem 3D 16.0, and Molegro Virtual Docker 5. The receptor used is EGFR with PDB code: 5D41, which has a native ligand of 57N_1103. Validation is done by re-docking between the receptor and the native ligand. After that, the receptor was alternately docked with Allicin as the test ligand and NAC as the comparison ligand. Data analysis was performed by comparing the binding energy between the EGFR receptor and the Allicin and NAC ligands in the form of Rerank Score. Prediction of pharmacokinetic properties (ADME) and compound toxicity were tested using the pkCSM online tool program. The results of re-docking showed that the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) was less than 2 (0.868). The in-silico test showed that the bond energy of 57N_1103 was -136,457 Kcal/mol, Allicin -65,7688 Kcal/mol, and NAC -67,413 Kcal/mol, which means that Allicin has lower anti-angiogenesis potential than NAC. However, the safety profile test using the pkCSM online tool showed that Allicin had a better profile than NAC, both in terms of pharmacokinetics and toxicity. In silico, the compound Allicin in garlic (Allium Sativum) has the ability that is not much different from NAC in inhibiting the angiogenesis process of skin cancer. Allicin also has quite a good pharmacokinetic profile and tolerable toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failures of marine risers during hydrocarbon extraction can result in catastrophic offshore oil and gas mishaps, resulting in loss of life and environmental harm. So, marine risers' failure due to vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) because of high currents has been studied to acquire insight into their prevention. Vortices that are created in the viscous boundary layer tend to detach at the downstream end of the cylinder. A fairing is a body with a hydrofoil shape attached to the marine risers to reduce VIV. The effect of VIV on a marine riser in high currents is investigated using a numerical simulation. The research aims to enhance the ability of a typical water-drop fairing to suppress VIV. The study will be performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) (Ansys Fluids). A vertical hole is applied to a water-drop fairing that has a top shape angle of 80° to improve the suppression of the VIV. The root mean square of the lift coefficient (ClRMS) is used to compare the behavior of the fairing in the VIV. The position of the vertical hole that gets the lower value of RMS Cl is chosen to be the optimum place for the vertical hole. The CFD model has been validated with experimental data and proven acceptable. The results of the current study conclude that the optimum position of the vertical hole is 0.13D from the tail of the faring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The films we are characterized morphologically by atomic force microscopy and optical properties are examined also by UV-Visible spectrometer, cupreous oxide (Cu2O) nanofilms which synthesized by thermal evaporation technique with pressure up to (1 X 10−7mbar), with thickness (75) nm. The surface morphological properties of Cu2O films were examined via an atomic force microscope (AFM). The root mean square, average roughness, number of grains on the surface, and average diameter are studied from atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were studied from absorption spectra (by a computer program to calculate the optical parameters) via (UV-Visible) spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of (190-1100) nm. The absorption coefficients determined the type of transition and the absorbance is increased as well as the thickness, while the transmittance decreased. The optical energy gap decreased from (3. 75) eV for the CuO film to (3. 50) eV for the Cu2O-doped CuO film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin films of ZnO and (ZnO: Mn) are grown via chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique Structure analysis of ZnO and ZnO: Mn films were studied via XRD. The results offer that films were cubic with a prevailing peak along (002). The grain size is (10. 45-12. 41) nm, whilst the strain decrease from 31. 68 to 27. 91 with Mn. AFM images assure the creation of nanostructured. It was found that the Average Particle size, average roughness (Ra) and root mean square rough (Rrms) decreased with an increase of Mn content in ZnO films, Films are transparent in visible area with cut-off wavelength at 370 nm. High transparency is seen at (>85%) in the visible area. Optical bandgap energy decreases from 3. 05 to 2. 95 eV with increase of Mn doping content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bogie bearings performances directly influences the safety of the train. Diagnosis aims to detect the bearing failure, prognosis aims to predict the remaining life of a bearing. This study concerns on bogie bearings prognosis using survival function. Bearing health monitoring providing information of the system state evolved rapidly over the past decade. Root mean square is an efficient indicator of bearing degradation for inspection and maintenance. Numerous degradation models have been developed. However, the failure regression for bearing degradation is not yet well explored. The residual life provides a prediction for future operation has grown as a significant issue for bearing health condition. This article explores the failure regression modeling for bearing degradation. In the industry, bearings operate at different rotation and load conditions. The developed models for bearing residual's life are limited to a single operating condition. Failure regression considers both rotation and load as operating conditions. Root mean square or kurtosis (time domain features) are extracted and used as bearing degradation indicators. Femto technology developed experimental platform that provides time to failure in specific conditions of operating. horizontal and vertical vibrations are measured every 10 s at 25.6 KHz by accelerometers. The time to failure is observed for bearing under three speed and three load conditions. The speed and load are considered as covariates in failure regression. The failure regression yields the bearing reliability, and this conditional reliability is used to calculate the bearing residual life. In the practice, bearing can be operated at different speeds, loads and operating conditions. The effect of internal and external covariates needs to be explored in order to provide better residual life prediction and to optimize to maintenance strategy. Failure regression can be considered as a tool for bearing residual life prediction in presence of internal and external covariates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the thermal properties, mass spectra and root mean square radii of heavy quarkonium system is studied with a newly proposed potential called class of inversely quadratic Yukawa potential. The Schrödinger equation is solved analytically using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method and the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave function obtained in close form. The obtained energy eigenvalues is used to predict the mass spectra If heavy quarkonium system such as charmonium cc̄ and bottomonium bb̄. The thermal properties such as mean energy, mean free energy, entropy and specific heat capacity was calculated as well. The wave function was used to determine the root mean square radii of the system. A special case of Coulomb potential was considered when some of the parameters of the potential were set to zero. The present potential provides satisfying results in comparison with experimental data and other theoretical predictions with a maximum error of 0.0059 GeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Errors of indicators in a construct of the measurement model are not correlated with each other. Practically, however, there are a number of cases in empirical research in which uncorrelatedness of measurement errors may not hold. This study aims to compare the measurement model with uncorrelated and correlated errors applied to multidimensional poverty measurement. Multidimensional poverty is an alternative approach in measuring poverty by using ten indicators which are divided into 3 dimensions, namely health (2 indicators), education (2 indicators), and living standards (6 indicators). By using confirmatory composite analysis it is obtained that the discrepancy measures values i.e. geodesic distance, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), and squared Euclidean distance for both models with uncorrelated and correlated indicator errors are all below the corresponding critical value, i.e. model is fit. However, if a comparison is made between the two, the discrepancy value for the model with the correlated indicator error is smaller than for the uncorrelated model. In other words, it can be concluded that the model with correlated error indicator is adequately fit better with the collected data. Or it can also be said that the model can captures more available information in the data acceptably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enantioseparation of miconazole has been successfully predicted based on the molecular docking approach using cyclodextrin derivatives such as sulfated-β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HP-γ-CD) as chiral selectors. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina software and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) was calculated using PyMol software. Molecular docking shows that R- Miconazole forms more stable interaction with all cyclodextrin derivatives than S-Miconazole forms, suggesting that S- miconazole will be eluted earlier than R-miconazole. Tn addition, the stability level of cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral selector was HP-β-CD > S-β-CD > HP-γ-CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, CuO nanostructures were synthesized on a porous silicon (PS) substrate using hydrothermal method as seed layer and different reaction time (12 and 24) hour respectively. Structure, Topography and Sensing properties analysis of these nanostructures were studied, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), (AFM) and FE-SEM analysis. All the obtained peaks in the XRD pattern are well matched with the monoclinic phase of CuO thin film prepared on PS substrate with crystal sizes (21 to 9.9) nm for CuO/PS respectively. Topography analysis studied by (AFM) and reveals that the grain size, roughness surface and root mean square of the prepared thin film decreases with the increase in the hydrothermal reaction time. FESEM analysis, showed the morphological of film prepared at seed layer as seed-like structure, and change to nanosheets structure with increasing reaction time. EDX analysis revealed the chemical composition and elemental state of CuO nanoparticles. Gas sensor performance showed that thin films have good sensitivity properties, but thin films that have a smaller grain size are better and have a high sensitivity of about 233%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the nuclear properties have been calculated of carbon and oxygen isotopes. Deformation parameters were compute in two method ; firstly has depend on moment of intrinsic-electric quadrupole QO while the second method to calculate deformation parameters derived on probability of electric transition values where the relationship between the deformation parameters that were calculated in two ways was studied. The first method is the deformation coefficient derived from the torque value of the intrinsic-electric quadrupole QO and the second is the computation of the deformation parameter derived from the value of the probability of electric transition (E2)↑which is dependent on the first excited (1st) energy level E2+. These parameters were calculated for even-even nuclei (O and C) using the shell model. The present results have been showed that the deformation parameters decrease when the number of neutrons approaches the magic number of neutrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing investigation explains the consequence of irradiation of violet laser on the structural properties of MawsoniteCu6Fe2S8Sn[CFTS] thin films. The film was equipped by the utilization of semi-computerized spray pyrolysis technique (SCSPT), it is the first time that this technique is used in the preparation and irradiation using a laser. when the received films were processed by continuous violet laser (405 nm) with power (1W) for different laser irradiation time using different number of times a laser scan (0, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 times) with total irradiation time(0,30,45,60,75,90 min) respectively at room temperature. The XRD diffraction gave polycrystalline nature with tetragonal crystal system. The result was that the structure properties of mawsoniteCu6Fe2S8Sn [CFTS] thin films affected by laser irradiation where the XRD measurement the result was the grain size and stress values that decrease with increasing irradiation time, whereas the values of intensity , FWHM and d- spacing for the largest peak increase with a slight increase with the increase in the irradiation time and slight increase in growth of some peaks with increasing irradiation time. While not affected EDX and FTIR measurements by laser irradiation, the result was the same for all samples. As for AFM measurement showed that the surface roughness, root mean square and average diameter values that decrease with increasing irradiation time. Note from SEM measurement that the surface topography affected with different time of irradiation red laser. This result due to laser irradiation worked like annealing temperature to enhance the crystallization of the deposited films. And the results showed that the laser irradiation method has a clear change in the structure properties with less time and energy than the traditional annealing methods which is the aim of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A decomposition Gi of G is called a linear decomposition or Arithmetic decomposition if each Gi is connected and |E(Gi)| = a+(i − 1)d, for all i = 1,2,3, ..., n and a, d ∊ Z. The Arithmetic decomposition with a = 2 and d = 2 is known as Even Decomposition (ED) As the number of edges of sub graph of G are even, we symbolize ED as (G2, G4, ...,G2n). A decomposition (P2, P4, P6, ..., P2n) of a graph G is an Even Path decomposition (EPD) if |E(P2i)| = 2i for all i = 1,2,3, ..., n. Clearly q = n(n+1). This paper deals with Even Path Decomposition (EPD) of Root square mean graphs. Here we use graph labeling technique in Decomposition of Root square mean Graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular modeling has increasingly been used to investigate the structural dynamics, properties, and thermodynamics of biological systems. This study aims to evaluate the structural dynamics of gene-translated lipase structure from PLS 80, a novel bacterium previously isolated from undersea fumaroles, subjected to various temperatures. Prediction using SWISS-MODEL showed PLS 80 lipase had the highest homology (97,7%) with lipase 2DSN. The pair of PLS 80 lipase – 2DSN had the highest Global Model Quality Estimation (GMQE) and Qualitative Model Energy Analysis (QMEAN) values of 0.99 and 0.7, respectively. The lipase 2DSN was then used as the template. The temperature variation simulation was conducted using Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement (AMBER) software at 300, 350, and 400 K for 50 ns. The parameters used for evaluation were Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF), the gyration radii (Rg), total energy, number of hydrogen bonds, and Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA). Although produced by a thermophile, the molecular dynamic simulation showed that the lipase had the lowest RMSD, Rg, and total energy when at 300 K. Higher temperatures increased the Rg and reduced the number of hydrogen bonds in the molecule. The RMSF values indicated that some residues were conformationally less rigid than other residues in the structure. The difference in RMSF values of some residues was significant when the temperature was increased, but not necessarily those with high RMSF values. The SASA values increased slightly when the temperature was alleviated by 100 K. However, the polar SASA value at 350 K was the lowest than the other temperatures. Visual evaluation of the lipase structure indicated that the b-sheet only shifted slightly at various temperatures. However, conformational changes were observed in the a-helix and turn/loop. At 350 K, the lipase had an additional b-sheet, while some turn/loop structures frayed to coil structures. These structural differences may explain the optimum lipase activity at around thermophilic temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years many women are affected by breast cancer. Mammogram is one of the early breast cancer diagnosis techniques used to identify the abnormal regions of breast. The recommended research work uses Fuzzy C-means segmentation algorithm to locate the wound area of mammogram breast image. Further the features of abnormal regions were extracted using Local Binary pattern (LBP) techniques. The statistical features are Entropy, Mean, RMS (Root Mean Square), correlation helps to train the neural network. Finally SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier is utilized to categorize the abnormal regions of mammogram images with the accuracy rates of 86%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of damage in the beam structure is an essential factor of the decision-making process concerning their repair and a complete replacement. For this purpose, an upgraded technique based on the finite element approach is used in this paper for the identification of the extent of the damage for a simply supported steel beam via the frequency response function curvature (FRFC) and its position. The harm is simulated by reducing the rigidity of selected elements at a constant viscous damping ratio for different locations with 30% reduction in stiffness. The MATLAB software is modeled on three cases of damage, unity, two, and three damage locations. Based on the results, the best way to show FRFC's value is by using the Root Mean square in both the first and third modes. The damage detection is represented by a peak in the response curve. This method can be analyzed and evaluated the beam structures and the damage by using the modifications occurred in its dynamic characteristics. The results of the study showed that the normalized curvature approach for frequency response works well for the identification damage as 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of 5nm thick molybdenum carbide films were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on sapphire substrates. Changing the deposition parameters, the sheet resistance of the films was varied in the range from 390 to 3900 Ω/square at room temperature. The sheet resistance is enhanced by intrinsic disorder in the metallic films. Starting from room temperature, the DC conductivity of the samples decreases with decreasing temperature, following T1⁄2 dependence due to quantum corrections to the conductivity. Furthermore, we extended the studied range of the conductivity by optical spectroscopic ellipsometry, which enables to evaluate both the real and the imaginary part of the frequency-dependent complex conductivity. The real part of the conductivity further follows the root mean square corrections in the frequency domain and smoothly merges with the Drude response at the scale of the Drude relaxation time Γ, which is approximately 3000 THz for our films. The dependences are analyzed by a simple formula, which allows us to determine the absolute measure of the strength of the quantum corrections on an extended scale. The strength of the quantum corrections increases with the disorder, and they significantly alter the optical conductivity from the Drude response up to the ultraviolet region. Moreover, we employ a numerical extrapolation method for complex conductivity of disordered metals, which enables us to extrapolate the conductivity from the visible frequency range down to far-infrared and up to the ultraviolet region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research deals with the effect of violet and red lasers irradiation on the structural properties of Mawsonite Cu6Fe2SnS8 [CFTS] thin films. That was prepared using semi-computerized spray pyrolysis technique (SCSPT), it is the first time that this technique is used in the preparation and irradiation thin films. when the prepared films were irradiated by continuous violet laser (405 nm) with power (1W) and red laser (700nm) with power (>1000mW) with total irradiation time(0,30,45,60,75,90 min) respectively at room temperature. The result showed that the structural properties of mawsonite [CFTS] thin films have been affected by laser irradiation, where the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) measurement showed that grain size and stress values that decrease with increasing irradiation time, whereas the values of intensity, Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) and d-spacing for the largest peak increased slightly with increase with the increase in the irradiation time and slight increase in growth of some peaks with increasing irradiation time. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX)and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) measurements were not affected by laser irradiation, the result was the same for all samples. AFM measurement showed that the surface roughness, root mean square and average diameter values that decrease with increasing irradiation time. Note from Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurement that the surface topography affected with different time of irradiation violet and red laser. This result due to laser irradiation worked like annealing temperature to enhance the crystallization of the deposited films. And the results showed that the laser irradiation method has a clear change in the structural properties with less time and energy than the traditional annealing methods which is the aim of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present work is an attempt to identify the surface and optical characteristics of ZnO thin film prepared by Successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. Here the sample was prepared by 20 SILAR cycles from 0.075M Zinc chloride cationic solution and anionic solution of water maintained at 80°C. Obtained sample was annealed at 450°C for 1 hour. Thus prepared ZnO thin film was investigated with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and UV-Visible spectrometer. AFM study revealed the grain growth direction and hence the surface roughness of the film. Root mean square roughness (Rq) and average roughness (Ra) were measured as 121.45 nm and 96.206 nm respectively within an area of 6 µm×6 µm. Importance of other parameters obtained like Ten point average roughness (Rz), roughness skewness of the line (Rsk), roughness kurtosis (Rku) of the line were also discussed. With UV-visible spectrometry optical parameters like transmittance (T), absorbance(A) was determined. Peak value of 'T' was observed to be 36.174% and it was observed that the sample exhibited high absorption below the wavelength range of 400nm. From the plot of (αhν)2 Vs hν the optical band gap energy Eg was determined and found to be comparable with the literature value. The photon energy lost in the sample was verified by the variation of Extinction coefficient (k) with wavelength. From the calculated value of the reflectance, the refractive index of the sample was also identified. From these investigations the sample was identified with a wavy, rough surface having high absorbance and refractive index values. Hence it is suggested to be a potential candidate for engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring physical fatigue and capacity is important in high-performance environments to optimize the training stimulus and minimize unplanned physical fatigue. For that purpose, accelerometer sensors have emerged as a tool with the potential to measure and reflect changes in runner's acceleration. An accelerometer was used to measure the acceleration patterns which provided an analogue signal that could analyzed further by using different feature extractions. This research was aimed to estimate the location of physical fatigue occurrence in 400 m running. Basically, the experiments were conducted in outdoor track field, 6 subjects were involved, with age ranging between 19-24 years. In this study, two features have been used which are root mean square (RMS) and player load (PL) to indicate fatigue. The obtained results have shown that there were declines in the player load values in the last 150 m of running for most of the subjects which indicate occurrence of physical fatigue. On the other hand, some subjects have tried to save their energy in the 2nd and 3rd 100 m to speed up again in the last 100 m but there were obvious decrements in their player load in 400 m compared to the 1 100 m of running. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Singular Yalue Decomposition (SVD) reconstruction method on Continuous Wave Diffuse Optical Tomography (CWDOT) system is developed in this research work. This research aims to create a reconstruction program using SVD method and measure the quality of the image result. This SVD algorithm is built by processing Jacoby matrix from forward problem. This Jacoby is substituted in the linear one-step reconstruction method. The reconstruction image produced by the SVD and the linear one step reconstruction method are compared and analyzed by visually and numerical analysis. This visually analysis is done by viewing the image result, while numerical analysis is done by calculating the root mean square distance (rmsd) value. The visual analysis result of both methods shows that the reconstruction image produced by SVD and the linear one-step reconstruction method is found to be almost similar to the original object. The quality of the image which is produced by the SVD reconstruction method is also better than the quality of the image produced by the linear one-step reconstruction method. It is showed by the smaller rmsd value and running process time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluid flow in most reservoirs is anisotropic. The reservoir structures are usually layered and frequently contain significant heterogeneities leading to directional variations in the extent of flow. Hence, the effective fluid movement can be difficult to predict. Hence, there is an immediate need to investigate and understand the behavior of reservoir during water-flooding specifically the fluid flow and transport behavior using radiotracer. Thus, a lab scale of sand pack has been set up to investigate the compatibility of radiotracer technique in assisting the behavior of sandstone reservoir in Malaysia. A full packed of sandstone with grain size of 800-900µm has been set up for this study. The sand pack is then connected to water reservoir to introduce water-flooding activity. The radiotracer used is Br-82 with activity of approximately 1mCi. The irradiation of NH4Br is carried out at Nuclear Malaysia research reactor using Pneumatic Transfer System (PTS) facility for 3 minutes. Five (5) NaI scintillation detectors are also located at various places outside the reservoir to look at the anisotropic effect, the property of being directionally dependent, which implies different properties in different directions of Br-82. The optimization of Residence Time Distribution (RTD) model from radiotracer experiments will present the characterization of the porous media. This is important knowledge in order to optimize the oil recovery. The present study shows that, the porous media represents perfect mixers in parallel model. The selection of this model is due to the minimum value of root mean square RMS which is 0.217e−8. The optimized parameters of the respective model are τ1 = 848, τ2 = 145, J1 = 3.14, J2 = 3.18 and Q1/Q2 = 0.952. The objective of this study is to leverage the potential of radio-tracing technique, a method that is scarcely utilized in water-flooding studies. It is able to analyze the reservoir behavior and the information obtained can be set and optimize a development plan for increasing the oil recovery efficiency for EOR application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the effects of surface orientation of the silicon (Si) substrates on the structural and morphological properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films grown by radio frequency sputtering system were investigated. Silicon substrates with different surface orientations, i.e., Si(100), Si(111), and Si(110) were used. The structural properties of the ZnO thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The morphological properties of the deposited films were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The XRD results reveal that all the deposited ZnO thin films exhibit a single phase wurtzite ZnO structure with preferred orientation along (002) direction. The FESEM images indicate a change from leave-like to granular-like structure for Si(100), (110) and (111) substrates, respectively. The AFM root mean square surface roughness for ZnO thin films on Si(100), (110) and (111) reveals a decreasing trend. From the results, it was suggested that the ZnO thin films grown on the Si(111) substrate has the best structural and morphological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the intermolecular interaction between neurofilaments (NFs) using Monte Carlo simulation methods. NFs are assembled from three distinct molecular weight proteins (NF-L, NF-M, NF-H) that are bound to each other laterally forming 10 nm diameter [bold_thorn]lamentous rods along with side-arm extensions. The molecular model consists of two neuro[bold_thorn]lament backbones along with sidearm extensions that are distributed according to the stoichiometry of the three subunits. The side arms are modeled at amino acid resolution with each amino acid represented by a hard sphere along with the corresponding charge valence. In our previous studies of a single NF brush, we have found that NF-M is most responsible for the neurofilament protrusion. In this study, we discuss the structural properties such as density profiles and mean-square radius of gyration of each type of side arms as a function of the inter-filament distance. Unlike conventional belief that crossbridging by NF-H side chains between the neurofilaments would be formed, we have only found repulsive interaction between the two neurofilaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the dynamic characteristics of the Kao-Ping-Hsi cable-stayed bridge under daily traffic conditions. Experimental data were measured from a structural monitoring system, and system-identification techniques, such as the random decrement (RD) technique and Ibrahim time-domain (ITD) method, were adopted. The first five modes of the bridge were identified for their natural frequencies and damping ratios under different traffic loading conditions, in terms of root-mean-square (RMS) deck velocities. The magnitude of the torsion mode of the Kao-Ping-Hsi cable-stayed bridge is found to be one order-of-magnitude less than the transfer mode, and two orders-of-magnitude less than the vertical modes. Out results indicated that vibrations induced by traffic flow can be used as an indicator to monitor the health of the bridge due to their insensitivity to the natural frequencies of the cable-stayed bridge. Furthermore, the damping ratios may be used as a more sensitive indicator to describe the condition of the bridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays the evaluation of surface quality of manufactured products continues being a very important task for the industry. One of the lines of research associated to this subject tries to predict the surface roughness using signal analysis, such as vibrations, in the machining process. Many researchers have proposed models for determining the roughness based on the cutting conditions or the cutting forces. As the surface roughness depends on many variables, in this work different statistical values of cutting forces, tool vibration values and machining conditions are considered together for predicting surface roughness of turned metallic parts using artificial neural networks. We have notice the best predictions have been obtained when force and cutting conditions were combined together. The absolute error values obtained have been always below to 1.28 and 1.11 μm when using the median and root mean square (RMS) as descriptors, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an experimental demonstration of quantum smoothing, a non causal version of quantum parameter estimation that has applications from gravitational wave detection to quantum key distribution. An existing technique for this type of parameter estimation is quantum filtering, which uses past observations only. The technique presented here is time-symmetric that uses past and future observations to obtain a more precise estimate. We couple this innovative estimation technique with an adaptive detection scheme to demonstrate an estimation of the optical phase of light measured to be 2.24 ± 0.14 times better than the standard quantum limit. This approaches our theoretically derived prediction of a mean square error improvement of [formula] times over the standard quantum limit [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stochastic variational method is applied to calculate the binding energies and root-mean-square radii of 2, 3 and 4 α particles using an S-wave Ali-Bodmer potential. The results agree with other calculations. We discuss the application of the present method to study the universality in weakly-bound three and four-body systems in the context of ultracold atomic traps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurements were conducted in gas-solid tow-phase flow in a vertical sudden expansion pipe with Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA). Turbulence modulation of dilute two-phase flow with fine particles (55.2 μm) and low Reynolds number (1.98 × 104) was studied. The results imply that the particles reduce the gas turbulence as a whole in the flow field. Before the redeveloping region, the dimensionless root-mean-square (RMS) fluctuation velocities, ν, of the gas phase in both the two-phase and single-phase flows are found to be proportional to the dimensionless mean gas velocity gradient, η, in each measured cross-section. The linear relationship between ν and η can be represented by ν = -k · η+b. Then the turbulence modulation is proportional to the velocity gradient too by definition. Further analysis indicates that parameters k and b are linearly related with the shear layer thickness. The relationship holds no matter whether adding of particles. However, the particles do delay the development of the sudden expansion flow, which leads to the attenuation of the gas phase turbulence through out the whole jet expansion region. However, turbulence enhancement was observed at the end of the jet expansion region. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-loop flow sensor with new structure is designed for the parameters measurement of gas-liquid two-phase flow. The dynamical differential pressure signals of gas-liquid two-phase flow captured from the rising section at the horizontal diameter of the multi-loop sensor are analyzed. A characteristic value related to the root-mean-square of the dynamical differential pressure signals is obtained. The relationship between the characteristic value of differential pressures and the volumetric void fraction is established. The gas density is introduced for the correction of this mode. The experiments were carried out on the horizontal multi-phase flow loop. The non-dimensional method was applied to analyze the data. The relationship between the volumetric void fraction and the non-dimensional value are achieved. The online measurement of the volumetric void fraction of gas-liquid two-phase is realized through the multi-loop flow sensor. The experiments showed that the results are satisfactory. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Large eddy simulation (LES) of fully developed, compressible turbulent channel flows is performed in the present paper. The turbulent statistics agree well with those from other direct numerical simulation (DNS) results, indicating that the LES method established in the present paper is reliable. Through the analysis of the turbulent fluctuations, the Morkovin's hypothesis is basically validated, and consequently the dominant compressibility effect is that due to mean property variations. When properly scaled, the turbulence statistics such as mean steamwise velocity, root-mean-square (RMS) velocity fluctuations are found to agree well with the incompressible DNS results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The particle-number fluctuation effect on the root-mean-square (rms) proton and neutron radii of even-even N≈Z nuclei is studied in the isovector neutron-proton (np) pairing case using an exact particle-number projection method and the Woods-Saxon model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]