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Misconceptions are gaps in cognitive processes caused by the conflict between prior knowledge of existing concepts and the acceptance of new concepts during the learning process. Therefore, this study examines the misconceptions faced by Year Two students on the topic of Shape and Space. Note that 20 Year Two students in a primary school in Kuala Selangor, Selangor, were involved in this case study. A purposive sampling technique was utilized in this study. A diagnostic test was the instrument applied for the data collection. Other than that, misconceptions in this study were determined using the Certainty Response Index (CRI) and expressed by students while answering diagnostic questions. Based on the CRI values, 33% of the students faced misconceptions about the subtopics of 2D and 3D shapes, and 54% understood the concepts of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) shapes in this topic well. Nevertheless, 6% of the students lacked knowledge on this topic, and 7% were able to answer correctly by just guessing the answer. The misconception faced by these students is due to their weaknesses in making abstract visualizations. Therefore, this study will propose evidence of misconceptions among Year Two students in the Shape and Space topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal in writing this thesis is to create an online learning system, especially for Citizenship Education subjects, with the development of information systems and also the development of multimedia which helps conventional education systems that occur in class, where students can directly meet face to face to support the learning process so that researchers conduct surveys such as collecting data in the form of questionnaires from several respondents such as students to support the creation of an online learning system for Citizenship Education subjects using the ADDIE method, software used to design e-learning using the PHP and MySQL programming languages, after that the researcher also evaluated the online learning. The result of creating an online learning system for Citizenship Education subjects is to help students in the learning process by e-learning without any time limit, which makes students more effective in the lesson and also makes learning independent so that students/students can evaluate learning. One of the learning models that can be developed is the ADDIE model. This learning model emerged in 1967 and was created by Reiser and Molland. One of ADDIE's functions is to serve as a guideline in building training program tools and infrastructure that are practical, dynamic, and support the training work. This model was chosen because the ADDIE model is often used to describe a systematic approach to instructional development. In addition, the ADDIE model is a general learning model, so it is very appropriate to be developed in classroom learning. When used in education, this process is sequential but interactive, where the evaluation results of each stage can lead to the development of learning in the previous setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple image dehazing techniques based on prior or deep learning techniques may not be effective in certain cases due to the computation challenges of real environments and inherent bugs in the available data. In such cases, a robust combined contrast enhancement with liable fusion framework can improve the quality of an image. This frame-work improves the image visibility and increases the contrast to reduce the haze in an image. To accomplish this, the contrast enhancement stage involves pre-processing steps that utilize Gamma Correction to adjust the local-visibility of a hazy image. Additionally, Color-Retaining with Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CRAHE) is used to improve the global contrast of the input hazy image, addressing the difficulty of individually applying adaptive histogram equalization to each colour channel. The fusion stage entails creating a quick structural patch decomposition-based fusion technique with an adjustable kernel size to fuse the inputs produced by CRAHE and Gamma Correction after the image has been enhanced. These methods are particularly useful for night time images with haze. CRAHE also has potential applications in image retouching photos and improving the lighting. Therefore, dehazing involves restoring a clean image from a degraded input image with foggy scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the expansive domain of data science, clustering algorithms play a pivotal role in segmenting datasets into meaningful groups without prior knowledge of their underlying patterns. This research provides an in-depth evaluation of the time and space complexities of three widely-used clustering algorithms: K-Means, DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise), and Hierarchical Clustering. The study delves into each algorithm's inherent strengths and limitations, factoring in real-world data application scenarios. Our results indicate varying performance metrics, with K-Means showcasing scalability for larger datasets, DBSCAN aptly handling datasets with arbitrary shapes and noise, and Hierarchical Clustering offering insights into intricate hierarchical structures. By offering a comprehensive comparison, this article aims to guide data scientists in selecting the most appropriate clustering technique based on specific problem requirements and dataset characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer skill is the ability to use knowledge from previous learning to solve new problems. The purpose of this article is to explore proportion problems for 7th graders, which are classified as isomorphism, and how they can be used to facilitate transfer skills development. The use of isomorphism problems requires thinking analogously between pairs of problems. This analogical thinking skill encourages students to retrieve the knowledge that has been previously achieved because isomorphism problems contain similarities both in context and numeric. By writing down the solution results by analogy, students also develop their representational skills. Transfer skills are built from these two thinking skills: analogy and representational thinking skills. Examples of how the strategy of constructing isomorphism in proportional learning are discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims at designing the learning for mathematical proof based on APOS theory. This study is just a description of a validation study by Gravemeijer. The research was conducted at SMA 1 Palembang with 6 students for exploring the small group. The Hypothetical Trajectory Learning (HLT) design will be tested in a small group. APOS (Action, Process, Object, and Scheme) is a theory that studies students' mental structure for learning mathematics. The mathematical proof learning design with APOS theory approach on exponential and radical Form. The results provided insight into the learning trajectory that needs to be improved. Through comparisons made of HTL and ALT, the variations in student ability and prior knowledge can affect their behavior in learning. The findings suggest the frequency of learning mathematical proof needs to be improved and the assessment must also include questions about proof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Sumatera is rich in traditional and legendary dance forms, Piring Kendi (Pirdi) being one of them. This dance form is unique and energetic on a way the dancer with plates held on the palm of each hand and walking on a jug and rotating the plates carefully so that the plate is always horizontal. Dance as one of context to get promote engagement and learning aspects of mathematics. This research aimed to explore a mathematical concept pirdi's dance. This research is related to the Indonesia Realistic Mathematics Approach (PMRI) as a learning approach used. One of alternative guides students to understand concepts by constructing themselves through prior knowledge in daily life. The method used is a qualitative approach with an ethnographic method. Ethnographic method to describe, explain and analyze a culture. The research data were literature studies; observation, researchers first investigated by interviewing and observation the creator of the Pirdi dance and Pirdi Dance's coach as a supporting informant to know contains techniques variations of movements. The results of this research is Pirdi's dance contain variations of movements and floor pattern obtained shows that there are mathematical concepts including relationships between area, perimeter, geometry, shapes, patterns, angles, translation, reflection, rotational, symmetry, measurement, multiplication, subtraction, division, addition, equilibrium. These activities can be integrated with PMRI approach which could give an idea that the Pirdi dance contained mathematical concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted due to the weak ability of students to solve linear program problems. So students' description of problem-solving ability in solving linear program problems based on APOS theory is essential, especially judging from the students' prior knowledge. The subject of this study was class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Gondang by taking several students whose prior knowledge in mathematics was high, medium, and low prior knowledge. Data collection is carried out through tests on linear program materials and interview support documentation. Data analysis is done through data reduction, presentation, and verification. Based on the study results, the student with high prior knowledge reached all APOS theory stages. In contrast, a student with medium prior knowledge only reached the stages of action, process, and object, and a student with low prior knowledge only reached the stage of action and process. Thus, students' prior knowledge comes into play in solving problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distance learning has significant potential to improve classroom efficiency while saving time and money compared to traditional classroom teaching. Satisfaction with distance learning is strongly related to students' previous distance learning experiences. With the advent of Covid-19, the perspective of distance teachers has shifted. During the epidemic, interest in distance learning research has surged. For this reason, it is worth studying the development of distance learning from time to time, especially in universities. This research uses bibliometric analysis to determine what happened before and after the epidemic. This research examines and analyzes critical scientific data from the Scopus database spanning two decades on related topics. As a result, the pandemic has divided research on distance learning for the past two decades. Before the pandemic, extensive research was conducted on the technical aspects of distance learning media and technologies. During the pandemic, research focused on the impact of the pandemic on higher education, and distance learning became the only viable option to continue the learning process. The growth of post-pandemic distance learning at higher education institutions has shifted to management, adoption, and the systems deployed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to measure students' ability in creative thinking on the subject matter of elasticity Hooke law through statistic descriptive using the Rasch model. The students' creativity is determined by logit parameter providing a similar scale. The instrument used was an essay test developed from Torrance indicators. This research involved 35 students including 17 females and 18 males who had prior knowledge about this subject. To obtain the objective, firstly, the analysis of validity and reliability items was conducted for the instrument. The construct validity was obtained by Mean Square (MNSQ) values, and reliability was determined by three indicators including person reliability, item reliability, and alpha Cronbach values. The results of the analysis show that the instrument having been tested is valid because the MNSQ values are in the accepted range which infit and outfit person values are 0,97 and 1,02 as well as infit and outfit item values are 0,98 and 1,02, and the instrument is also reliable in good criteria with 0,83 value. The analysis of person reliability and item reliability shows that the students' answers are consistent and the quality of questions is good namely 0,83 and 0,89, respectively. Furthermore, the logit value indicates that there is a tendency of students having a lower ability than the difficulty level of the questions. This implies that the teachers should put more effort to improve creative thinking students in further learning activities as the creative thinking skill is important to prepare students in their future career. Also, the instrument developed can be utilized to measure creative thinking skill in the similar subject matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students and lecturers' impression is the essential part in developing English course materials. This study examines how are the students and the lecturers' perception toward the designed materials for management students of Indonesian university. This research applied mix method. The data obtained from the questionnaire about the students and the lecturers' perceptions on online learning material were scored by using Likert scale. To support the data from the questionnaire, the researcher conducted semi interview to the students and the lecturers. There were 20 students and 2 lecturers as the subject of this study. The results of lectures' responses toward the online learning materials dealing with the appropriateness of all components; appropriateness of content, appropriateness of language, appropriateness of presentation, appropriateness of graphic, are 3.81 which classified as very appropriate or very good. Based on the results of both the students and lecturers, it can be concluded that the online learning materials fulfilled the criteria and are valid to be used as course materials for English for Specific Purpose by zoom platform. The result of this study is expected to give contribution for the teacher and lecturer is getting the insights and prior knowledge in developing the ELT materials for online class by zoom platform. It also expected to give input for the improvement of online learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy detection based cognitive radio has gained remarkable attention. This is because of its simple implementation and it does not involve any prior knowledge of the detecting signal. Although, it is prone to noise uncertainty. Recently, the use of compressed measurements improved the performance of energy detection. In this paper, we investigate the effect of using a segment of primary user signal energy ƞE on detection performance regarding compression ratios. The simulation results show the detector performance becomes better as ƞE increased. However, increasing ƞE should be bounded, so it does not involve sacrificing the use of the compressed measurement system as a suggestion to improve energy detection performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of massive open online courses (MOOCs) is increasing nowadays has exerted a significant influence on various higher education studies. Yet, a gender perspective on students' perception and experience in learning through MOOCs is rather limited. This paper reports a quantitative study on the influence of gender factors on the university students' prior learning experience, perceived usability, and satisfaction in using MOOCs OpenLearning. Students enrolled in several undergraduate programmes at a public university in Malaysia were given access to an online survey. The study findings indicated that gender did not help differentiate the students' MOOC learning satisfaction. As an implication, the study findings lend support to related studies which concern gender-related aspects in designing an effective gender-inclusive online learning support system for higher education students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydraulic System which gives pressurized hydraulic fluid for the movement of varied flight controls, landing gears, and brakes of an aircraft. These systems can operate very efficiently in demanding in-flight conditions and are operated across the functioning of flight-critical components. Monitoring the health of the hydraulic system parameters is a pressing priority. This paper investigates and proposes a framework for hydraulic system engine health forecasting. Our prime endowment in this paper is twofold: 1. Identification, extraction, and selection of highly significant spectral, statistical, and temporal features specific to the sensor parameters. 2. Evaluate and examine the robustness of feature-level fusion and decision-level fusion model performance on the original noise-free and noise-induced multivariate time-series data. Experimental results report that forecasting the hydraulic system health without prior knowledge of signal deformation, the spectral features employed in the decision level fusion model is effective and consistent in determining the health across various noise levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common problem in the field of image processing is recovering a geometrical distortion such as scaling, rotation, translation, shearing, and others. These types of distortions can be described by a general affine transform. In this work, the problem of recovering a transformation applied on a reference image f is considered. A review on the most known methods for recovering a general linear transformation, or a distortion from an inspected image g and a reference image f, is conducted. A new efficient estimation method without using a prior knowledge or assumptions is proposed. The proposed algorithms use the moments of the Radon projections of f and g. In some cases, our proposed algorithm needs only two orthogonal projections such as the view angles 0, and π/2. Mathematical formulations are given for recovering the transformation of shifting, scaling, rotation, and general reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical proof still difficult to learn and to teach in the real life. Students usually ignore the function of proofing mathematically in their daily activity. They thought that they will not need any concept of proofing in their life. However, mathematics proof is not only about mathematics theorem, but the logical thinking, creative thinking, training to use and connected their prior knowledge to build sequence of logic procedure to proof. Therefore, this study designed an instructional activity to learn integral using mathematical proof for engineering students in order to issued students' way of proof. The activities were adopted from the meaning of proof, which are proof as verification, explanation, logical argument, justification, discovery and derivation. The result showed students still got difficulties in proving the integral problems, but successful students appears with Restrictive Cognitive levels of proof scheme, which are Contextual, Generic and Constructive. Among the three, contextual and generic are mostly done by the students by interpreting and proving the conjecture in the specific or particular context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematics learning materials are quite complex, and each chapter in the materials are often interrelated, so students must have sufficient knowledge to learn new chapters. According to the cognitive load theory, complex material will increase students' intrinsic cognitive load. Therefore, teachers must reduce the students' intrinsic cognitive load first by making a correlation of the material being studied with the previous materials in order to create effective learning. In addition, teachers must reduce students' extraneous cognitive load so that students' cognitive load does not increase. One of the ways that teachers can do is to use the goal-free problems strategy. This study aimed to describe the design of the goal-free problems strategy in trigonometry learning, especially the sine and cosine rules. Literature review was used to achieve the research objectives. The goal-free problems can be used by the teachers by changing the specific questions into open or free goal questions. The goal-free problems design can be implemented in classes with novice students who have lack prior knowledge or when the material being taught is considered difficult. Teachers can use goal-free problems-solving learning steps to improve students' problem-solving skills. The design produced in this study can be used as a guide or example for teachers to create learning tools using a goal-free problems strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the nature of particle is essential for science student teachers since it provides fundamental basic for teaching about atom, ion, and molecule for secondary school science subjects. Furthermore, this understanding also essential to generate sufficient scientific explanation about observed natural phenomena, especially those related to secondary school science lesson. However, teaching experiences revealed that most science student teacher found it difficult to build an appropriate understanding on concepts of atoms, and established connections among concepts to generate sound explanations of relevant phenomena. Therefore, we would like to investigate their prior knowledge before taking the course of Basic Inorganic Chemistry in the Department of Science Education of Universitas Negeri Padang. A set of open-ended questions was prepared and validated beforehand which required students to provide explanation about atom and its particle, the nature of atom, orbital, configuration of electron, atomic mass-symbol-number, and periodical properties of elements. Students' responses to these questions were analyzed qualitatively which involves coding and categorization process to generated themes, relations, and scores. Our finding indicates that most students preferred to define atoms based on the earlier models and theories of atom rather than the latest theory, still made mistake in writing configuration of electron either based on Bohr's configuration or quantum mechanics theory, and failed in making connection between observed periodical properties of element and the nature of its respective atoms. Further suggestions and recommendations to improve the learning process to promote better understanding are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clustering technique used to analyzing and compiling similar data depending on some characteristics. Divides data of interest into a relatively small number of or homogeneous groups, this technology is used in many applications. One reason it's so frequently used is that it can work on a dataset without prior knowledge. This is why clustering is feasible for real-world applications. Gene expression data have been clustered and shown to help reveal the normal structure of the data, cellular processes, gene functions, extracting valuable information from occult data. Info on gene expression hides crucial information, because of the intricacy of biological networks and the huge number of genes involved. Therefore, clustering strategies are the top step in addressing these issues, and they are needed to identify interesting patterns and to scout natural structures in the underlying data. The discovery of homology is another advantage of data on gene expression clustering. This review looks at the different clustering algorithms applied to analyze gene code trim to discover, and supply valuable information about the best clustering strategy for ensuring consistency and precision in the research process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on existing learning opportunities in designing informal science learning with a specific pedagogical approach. 349 students were selected as the sample of this study, in two STEM activities during international Scout STEM Camporee. This study has successfully developed a module for informal learning activity and conducted a survey to study the learning opportunities. Post and pre-test were conducted. The post-test was conducted to investigate the understanding of science concept during the designing stage with the students' ability to make inference. Descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation were used as the data analysis methods. The finding shows that most of the students did have an initial idea of science concepts such as buoyancy, density, weight of mini Titanic, and Archimedes' principle. However, their ability to make inference and observation is weakly correlated and not significant. This study only able to shows that students are capable to produce observations and inferences that differ in nature during informal science learning. As a conclusion, for informal science learning, it is important for educators to consider the outcomes for students' learning because the opportunities for students to tap into their prior knowledge from self-determination can be easily achieved within this setting. This study proposes important measures during informal science learning environment to maximize the learning opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical problem solving is highly important for students majoring in Mathematics Education. In addition, during the process of achieving such competency, as Polya confirms it is necessary to have mathematical prior knowledge. The present research strived for investigating the extent to which students have acquired the ability of solving mathematical problems with the basis of student'mathematical prior knowledge after the application of Preprospec learning assisted with ICT. In conducting the investigation, the researchers used quantitative methods by involving Mathematics Department students who took differential calculus course taught using ICT-assisted Preprospec learning. After all research procedures carried out, the researchers found (1) students with middle mathematical prior knowledge gained better outcomes after being taught using preprospec learning aided by ICT than those of conventional method (2) in terms of problem solving ability, the upper and lower groups of students who were taught using the conventional and ICT-based learning method obtained similar results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to improve students' mind habits in constructing mathematical proof through DNR-Model. DNR-Model consists of three main stages: Duality (how to understand and how to think), necessity, and repeated reasoning. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design. The samples were then second-year students of the mathematics education department; the Muhammadiyah University of Tangerang consists of 60 students who were divided into two class groups. Two classes were selected as an experimental class that provides learning models for DNR-Model, and one other class as a control class that subjects are given conventional learning. The results showed that there aren't differences in the increase in the habits of minds of students in constructing mathematical proof based on MPK (Mathematical Prior Knowledge) levels of both high, medium, low, and overall learning based on DNR-Model and conventional learning. The experimental group's average n-gain habits of mind are 0.27, or the lower category than the average n-gain of the control group is 0.28 or the low category. The low Habits of Mind of students has less influence on the ability to construct mathematical proofs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep Learning methods have penetrated its applications in various engineering problems. Speaker recognition problems are used for recognizing the speaker in the audio file that has different speakers in the sound file. Considering the complex nature of the speaker recognition problem, a deep leaning method is adopted in the solutions. This paper implements Multi-Layer Multi-Kernel Learning on the speaker recognition implementation with the Cocktail party problem. Spectrogram based methods have the binary mask as the benchmark method. The deep learning method is used to train the binary mask for online prediction. MATLAB based implementation is developed to obtain the classification between speakers in the cocktail party. The performance is compared with the previous deep learning method and results are tabulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planning is the first phase throughout the project lifecycle that ensures proper execution based on correct estimations to achieve objectives. Leveraging previous lessons learned significantly help to rectify planning mistakes and use more effective techniques. This paper explains the application of lessons learned for improving the planning outcomes in construction projects. An empirical methodology based on a case study was adopted to (1) introduce an effective method for diagnosing and resolving planning issues in construction projects, and (2) test this method in a case study project. This process underlines the importance of documenting and employing lessons learned from previous projects towards improving processes and enriching the organization's knowledge base on effective project delivery methods. The suggested approach provides construction contractors with practical insights on the topic and extends the literature by proposing a planning assessment method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical thinking is a competence that must be had by students. Critical thinking refers to the student's ability to apply high order cognitive skills. In the context of biology learning, the essential empowerment of thinking skills can facilitate students to be an individual who tends to have a good focus, give a logical reason, do an analysis to conclude comprehensively, and solve the problem appropriately. This survey study aimed to describe the students' prior knowledge of critical thinking skills in biology. One hundred fifteen respondents participated in this study. They were students of Senior High School in Jombang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The respondents were asked to answer ten questions in a critical thinking essay developed by the researchers. The items used to assess were five critical thinking skill aspects: focus, supporting reasons, organization, conventions, and integration. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. This study showed that the critical thinking skill aspect got the highest score was conventions (M= 55.22, SD= 19.31), while the critical thinking skill aspect that got the lowest score was supporting reasons (M= 45.57, SD= 16.44). This study also uncovered that overall the average score of students' critical thinking was 49.95. This average score is still included in the very low category. Therefore, the student's critical thinking skill needs to be improved and optimized, such as integrating learning strategies with appropriate learning techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address the interior problem of computed tomography that occurs when projection data is only available for a region in the interior of the sample. In this case, it is not possible to accurately reconstruct the attenuation function even in the interior domain. We consider an algorithm for correcting the interior tomography reconstruction which is based on prior knowledge in the interior domain. This correction algorithm is evaluated by performing numerical experiments with the Shepp-Logan phantom for various amounts of data loss, noise in the available projection data, various values of the attenuation function known a priori, and various positions within the sample where the prior information is available. Good performance of the algorithm based on prior knowledge at one point is demonstrated in the case of noiseless data. In the presence of noise in the projection data, improvements in the reconstructed attenuation function are obtained based on prior knowledge at a number of points in the interior domain. The robustness of the correction algorithm to errors in the values of the attenuation function used as prior knowledge was also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper Bayesian Skip lot sampling plan -3 with Single Sampling Plan as reference plan for designing MAPD and developing the Quality Decision Region. In Bayesian Skip lot Sampling methodology the combination of prior knowledge associated with the prior distribution and the empirical knowledge based on the sample which leads to the acceptance or rejection of the lot. Tables are provided for the selection of the sampling plan, which are tailor-made, handy and ready-made uses to the industrial shop-floor conditions. MATLAB R2013b software package is also used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students often encounter some issues to understand the concepts of the Reaction Rate such as the low conceptual understanding and also some lack of critical thinking skills. Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) model can be one of the solutions to overcome the issues. However, while implementing this model, many students face some difficulties to express their arguments orally or even in writing. Therefore, another strategy such as Mind Mapping should be utilized too in the learning process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Mind Mapping in Model Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI-mind map) towards the students’ critical thinking skills with a different prior knowledge in the topic of Reaction Rate. A factorialized (2x2) version of non-equivalent control group design with two way ANOVA was implemented in this study. The results show that : 1) there is a significant different of students’ critical thinking between the students taught using ADI-mind map and those using ADI only; (2) there is a significant different of students’ critical thinking skills between higher achievement students and lower achievement students in both ADI-mind map and ADI model only; and 3) there is no interaction between learning model and students’ prior knowledge towards the students’ critical thinking skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is an essential kind of knowledge that teacher have for teaching particular content to particular students for enhance students' understanding, therefore, teachers with adequate PCK can give content to their students in an understandable way rather than transfer subject matter knowledge to learner. This study explored science student teachers' PCK for teaching science using Content representation base methodology. Research participants were 68 4th year science student teachers from department of General Science, faculty of Education, Phuket Rajabhat University. PCK conceptualization for teaching science by Magnusson et al. (1999) was applied as a theoretical framework in this study. In this study, Content representation (CoRe) by Loughran et al. (2004) was employed as research methodology in the lesson preparation process. In addition, CoRe consisted of eight questions (CoRe prompts) that designed to elicit and portray teacher's PCK for teaching science. Data were collected from science student teachers' CoRes design for teaching a given topic and student grade. Science student teachers asked to create CoRes design for teaching in topic 'Motion in one direction' for 7th grade student and further class discussion. Science student teachers mostly created a same group of science concepts according to subunits of school science textbook rather than planned and arranged content to support students' understanding. Furthermore, they described about the effect of student's prior knowledge and learning difficulties such as students' knowledge of Scalar and Vector quantity; and calculating skill. These responses portrayed science student teacher's knowledge of students' understanding of science and their content knowledge. However, they still have inadequate knowledge of instructional strategies and activities for enhance student learning. In summary, CoRes design can represented holistic overviews of science student teachers' PCK related to the teaching of a particular topic and also support them to gain more understanding about how to teach for understanding. Research implications are given for teacher education and educational research to offer a potential way to enhance science student teachers' PCK for teaching science and support their professional learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior knowledge in pervasive computing recently garnered a lot of attention due to its high demand in various application domains. Human activity recognition (HAR) considered as the applications that are widely explored by the expertise that provides valuable information to the human. Accelerometer sensor-based approach is utilized as devices to undergo the research in HAR since their small in size and this sensor already build-in in the various type of smartphones. However, the existence of high inter-class similarities among the class tends to degrade the recognition performance. Hence, this work presents the method for activity recognition using our proposed features from combinational of spectral analysis with statistical descriptors that able to tackle the issue of differentiating stationary and locomotion activities. The noise signal is filtered using Fourier Transform before it will be extracted using two different groups of features, spectral frequency analysis, and statistical descriptors. Extracted signal later will be classified using random forest ensemble classifier models. The recognition results show the good accuracy performance for stationary and locomotion activities based on USC HAD datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among surface acting, mental health, and positive group affective tone. According to the prior theory, this study attempts to establish a comprehensive research framework among these variables, and furthermore tests the moderating effect of positive group affective tone. Data were collected from 435 employees in 52 service industrial companies by questionnaire, and this study conducted multilevel analysis. The results showed that surface acting will negatively affect the mental health. In addition, the positive group affective tone have significant moderating effect on the relationship among surface acting and mental health. Finally, this study discusses managerial implications and highlights future research suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]