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Liquid organic fertilizer is a type of fertilizer in liquid form that easily dissolves in the soil and brings important elements in increasing agricultural soil fertility by providing sufficient nutrients needed by plants. The basic ingredients of this fertilizer are cheese waste (whey), vegetables waste, fruits waste, that combined with other ingredients as a complement to get organic fertilizer according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Liquid organic fertilizer is made by combining protein sources, glucose sources and bacteria sources. The source of protein used is cheese waste (whey), while the source of glucose is molasses and the source of the waste is organic waste in the form of a combination of banana peels, cabbage, mustard greens, goat manure. Variations of whey used were fresh whey after 1 day, after 2 days, and after 3 days while the variation of fermentation time was 7, 10, 15 and 21 days. The type of decomposer used is Effective Microorganism 4 solution which can be abbreviated as EM4. Therefore, the purposes of this research are to find the optimum composition and time of fermentation for making liquid organic fertilizer. The results showed that the optimum fermentation time was 15 days with the best composition of fresh whey+2 days left with a weight ratio of 1:1 organic waste and vegetable waste and a total NPK content of 2,9063%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seaweed processing commonly generates biomass waste either used as a low-value product or discarded. However, the waste still contains nutrients that can be recovered to generate valuable products, such as fertilizer. This study aimed to valorize seaweed Gracilaria sp. biomass waste into liquid organic fertilizer to support sustainable and eco-friendly production. Gracilaria sp. biomass waste from Karawang Regency (Indonesia) was composted, and two liquid organic fertilizer doses (0.5 and 1.0% v/v of compost liquid) were formulated. The fertilizer variants were then applied to Capsicum frutescens L. plants and the plants' growth parameters (plant height, relative growth rate, number of leaves, and dry weight) were evaluated. The fertilizer's physicochemical properties (organic-C, total N, P, K, and pH) were also analyzed. The assessment results were then compared to the control and commercial organic fertilizer. The present study showed that both seaweed waste-based fertilizer variants generated higher C. frutescens L. plant growth parameters than the control, with comparable outcomes to the commercial one. This result could be achieved, although the fertilizer's organic-C, total N, P, and K content were below the national technical standard. These findings demonstrate that seaweed biomass waste is prospective for organic fertilizer development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Balifarm Goat Farm, located in Kesiut Village, is a potential village that deserves to be managed and developed. Apart from being a cattle business, it also has the potential to be developed into a tourist destination. However, Balifarm Goat Farm has not managed goat manure effectively. Urine waste and solid waste are simply left to pile up under the cages and are sometimes simply sold at low prices to nearby farmers. Manure production on this farm from each adult goat is an average of 1.4 kg/day, so that the total solid waste produced from the entire goat population is estimated at 200 kg/day, while for urine the average is 2.5 liters/goat/day, so that the total urine produced from the entire population is about 300 liters/day. The large volume of livestock manure produced and the lack of knowledge about the utilization and processing of livestock waste have the potential to cause disease in cattle and environmental pollution around the location of the farm. Urine waste and solid goat manure can basically be processed into liquid organic fertilizer, bio urine and compost, which is rich in nutrients and has higher economic value compared to sales without processing. The methods used are planning and observation methods, counseling and training methods, and questionnaire methods. Respondents in this activity consisted of 10 people who were members of the Balifarms. The results obtained were an increase in members' understanding regarding the sorting and processing of goat manure, namely urine into liquid organic fertilizer and solid manure into compost with an average level of knowledge before being given education was 44% and after being given education was 84%. The percentage increase for the average level of public knowledge is 98%. This percentage shows that the absorption capacity of the Balifarms members for the education provided is very high. The segregation of goat manure will facilitate the process so that it is more effective and has good quality because the raw materials are not mixed with other materials. The results of Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Compost Fertilizer can be applied to agricultural land which is also located in the Balifarms area, and thus can realize a waste-free crop-cattle system that will lead to a sustainable agricultural system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining the viability of microbial cells during storage is required to commercialize the liquid organic fertilizer-based product. Various polymer additives can maintain the viability of microbial cells in liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) during storage. This study aimed to analyze the effect of polymer additives on the viability of Rhizobium japonicum RB2 in molasses-based liquid organic fertilizer during six months of storage. This experiment used glycerol 0.5% and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) 0.5% as polymer additives. The treatments consisted of (i) LOF, (ii) LOF+PVP, (iii) LOF+Glycerol, and (iv) LOF+PVP+Glycerol. A completely randomized design with six replications was employed in this study. In addition to bacterial viability in the LOF, chemical properties (pH, total dissolved solids/TDS, and Brix) were also monitored. The results showed that the pH values in all treatments decreased, possibly due to increased organic acids secreted by bacteria. LOF+polymer additives showed higher bacterial viability than LOF without polymer additives. However, at six months of storage, the mean shelf life of the bacterial population decreased in all treatments from 7.40–8.39 log10 CFU/mL to 4.97–6.19 log10 CFU mL−1. The decrease in bacterial viability was related to the high TDS and Brix values in molasses-based LOF, which caused the bacteria to lose water through osmosis. The results indicate that adding polymer additives such as glycerol and PVP in high-sugar molasses-based LOF does not always positively affect bacterial viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The percentage of sweet corn productivitywas around 0.27%, its production was 3.91%, and the percentage of growth in the corn harvest area was 3.64%. These yields were still relatively low compared to other crop commodities. The purpose of the study was to obtain the most effective doseof fertilizer for the desirable growth and production of sweet corn in Inceptisols. The treatment consisted of 9 combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers and control with 3 repeats. Observational data on the growth and yield of sweet corn crops were statistically analyzed using the SAS 9.13 program. The effect of the treatment was inferred from the results of the F test at a level of 5%. In the treatment that showed a noticeable difference, it was continued with a real difference test using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The application of 300 kg ha−1 Urea+100 kg ha−1 KCl+300 kg ha−1 NPK were combined with liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) 18 ml l−1 resulted the highest cob harvest (10,47 tons ha−1) and the highest Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE) value (103.08%). Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) given at a dose of 100% gave an increase in the RAE value and had a significant effect on leaf area, cob length, cob diameter, and yield. RAE decreased in the treatment of reducing the dose of inorganic fertilizers so that it was necessary to increase the dose and times of LOF application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes an improved Genetic Algorithm (GA) so-called Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) and introduces a new variant of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) inspired from liquid fertilizer distribution in Indramayu, Indonesia. This case is basically the combination of some VRP variants where the company has a heterogeneous vehicle with asymmetric distance and fuzzy demand (HVRPADFD). Given that VRP is NP-Hard, this study utilizes AGA as a metaheuristics algorithm. AGA has been modified in terms of self-tuning parameter feature and reproduction modification to remove the exhaustive tuning parameter process and enhance the effectivity of the algorithm simultaneously. AGA is then integrated with the fuzzy set theory based on chance-constrained programming to handle the fuzziness. The verification is also done by comparing AGA with original GA and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) in solving HVRPADFD. The result shows that AGA is statistically better than others in terms of effectivity. AGA also has faster computational time and is more consistent. The sensitivity analysis is also done to understand the risk of fuzzy demand against traveling distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This studied aims to examine the planting system of the SRI-JARWO method on the growth and production of lowland rice. Field research has been carried out in Taratara Dua Village, Tomohon City for 5 (five) months from March 2020 to September 2020. The main materials and tools used are rice seeds var. Inpari-32, compost of rice straw, liquid organic fertilizer (POC) of Gliricidia leaves (Gliricidia sepium), meter, analytical scales. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD), namely the spacing of Jajar Legowo (Jarwo): spacing 35x35 cm (J0); Jarwo 2:1 (J1); Jarwo 3:1 (J2); Jarwo 4:1 (J3), and Jarwo 5:1 (J4). The variables observed included: plant height, number of productive tillers, number of grain/panicles, number of pithy grain/panicles, number of empty grain/panicles, and harvested dry grain/plot. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and continued with the LSD test. The results showed that the organic-based SRI-JARWO cultivation technology could be applied by farmers to increase the production of lowland rice, with the following cultivation packages: (a) using superior variety seeds with high production potential, with upright growth types and short stems; (b) transplanting young seedlings (12 days after sowing); (c) planting one seed per hole, (d) using organic fertilizers (compost, manure, and liquid organic fertilizer or biological fertilizers), (e) pest control with organic pesticides, and (f) using Legowo spacing of 5: 1. The treatment of Legowo row spacing affected the number of productive tillers, the number of grain/panicle, the number of pithy grain/panicle, the number of empty grain/panicle, and the yield of harvested dry grain (GKP)/plot, but did not affect plant height. The highest GKP yield was achieved by the treatment of Legowo spacing 5: 1 and 35 cm x 35 cm, with values of 11.33 and 11.07 kg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the herbal plants that have been identified in Indonesia, one of them is Benalu Batu or Begonia sp. Begonia sp is a new endemic plant species from the family Begoniceae which has antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the effect of applying seaweed liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) at different concentrations on the growth of benalubatu plant. This research was conducted at the screen house of the Permanent Nursery of the Palu-Poso Watershed and Protected Forest Management Center, Tadulako University, Palu during July to September 2022. This research was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with different concentration levels of seaweed liquid organic fertilizer consisted in six levels of treatments ; R0 = control, R1 = 25ml/L, R2 = 50ml/L, R3 = 75ml/L, R4 = 100ml/L, and R5 = 125ml/L. The results showed that applying seaweed LOF affected the benalubatu plant seedling. The R4 treatment had a significant effect on time of emergence of the first shoots, the time of the first bud break, and root length. However, hadno effect on the number of shoots [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is one of the famous countries in agriculture field. The major irrigation process involved in agriculture is surface irrigation. The surface irrigation is the process of irrigating the crop fields, using the canal water which is fed through well, bore-well, dam etc. In the surface irrigation process, the process of providing fertilizer to the crops in the canal water is called fertigation process. Now a days fertigation process is done manually over the time period of irrigation. The most time consumption and cost-effective process in agriculture field is fertigation process. Mostly the farmers with larger fields use surface irrigation and fertigation by pouring the granule fertilizer directly into the canal water. Supply of fertilizer in canal water for larger field is a complex process and it requires labor cost, time, etc. The irrigation process for one acre is more or less 2 to 3 hours, for that 3 hour of time a labor has to pour the fertilizer into the canal water. The purpose of the proposed method is to design an automatic product for delivering the liquid fertilizer into the canal. Also, the purpose of maintaining NPK (Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorous) ratio is to know the amount of fertilizer content providing to the crops. Also, the supplementary purpose of NPK ratio is to maintain the soil fertility which directly gives healthy life to the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2021, the impact of sunflower seed treatment with a liquid fertilizer with a high phosphorus content on the yield and quality of the Si Bacardi Klp hybrid was assessed on the territory of the farm of OOO "Rodnaya Zemlya" located in the Kamensky district of the Rostov region. The results of a study on improving the quality characteristics of sunflower seeds by treating them with a fertilizer containing trace elements and a large amount of phosphorus are presented. The optimum fertilizer dose has been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the results of experimental studies, a method has been developed for obtaining a liquid complex fertilizer, which has a low bulk density, viscosity and crystallization temperature. The results of a study of the physicochemical parameters of obtaining liquid fertilizer NPCa are presented. A liquid complex fertilizer in a basic solution obtained on the basis of a neutralized liquid phase of a nitric acid extract with monoethanolamine and ammophos was dissolved ammonium nitrate granules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dairy agroindustry is one type of agroindustry with relatively large waste production. SME X is dairy agroindustry in Malang City with the main product in milk soap capable of producing 500-1,000 bars of soap per day. The production process carried out in SME X produces by-products, one of which is liquid waste. The liquid waste generated from the milk soap production process is an average of 15.2 kg per day to produce 1,000 bars of milk soap. This research was conducted to analyze the application of green productivity, which is used to increase the productivity and environmental performance of the dairy agroindustry. The method used in this research is green productivity by using three stages of analysis, namely waste identification with mass balance measurements and green value stream mapping (GVSM), problem identification, and preparation of alternative solutions based on the 3R principle (Recycle, Reduce, Reuse). The research conducted on SME X showed that the highest productivity level was in the ripening process, 99.6%, and the lowest was in the tool washing process, which was 48.1%. In the analysis of the causes of the problem with the Ishikawa diagram, it was found that the amount of waste in the tool washing process causes low process productivity. The environmental performance indicators (EI) results were obtained at 7.18. The economic indicators were obtained at 1.714, which obtained the GPI value of 0.24. Alternatives that can be applied to reduce the amount of waste are utilizing equipment washing waste as raw material for liquid organic fertilizer, installing WWTP channels so that water can be used in the subsequent washing process, and utilizing tools washing liquid waste as a hydroponic growing medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composting is a sustainable Organic Waste Management (OWM) practice that converts organic waste into valuable products such as liquid organic fertilizer and biogas. These also known as Anaerobic Digestion Effluent (ADE) by-product remained after fermentation processes of organic materials such as dried leaves for methane production. The results of the anaerobic digestion process of dried leaves on biogas reactors show that the gas produced after it is full will be wasted in the air, and after the reactor reservoir is filled with gas, there is no change in the volume of gas. The gas volume was seen to change on the 4th day and after that, it continued to increase until it reached its peak on the 11th day. Additionally, the liquid organic fertilizer (POC) improved the growth responses of Brassica rapa L. application of 100 ml/L/polybag POC (AC) significantly affected the plant height and number of leaves. This implies that POC as Anaerobic Digestion Effluent (ADE) by-product from a mixture of cow rumen and plant materials greatly influenced the growth and development of Brassica rapa L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grapes vine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a fruit plant perennial that has many benefits, especially in the health sector. The study aimed to know the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from fermentation-washed rice water (WRW) towards increasing the vegetative growth of some varieties of grape vine. This study was structured using a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two factors with four replications. The first factor is the varieties which consist: of Taldun, Academic, and Jupiter. The second factor is that the LOF application consists: without LOF and with LOF application. To determine the effect of treatment and combination of treatments on the measured parameters, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, while to find out the real difference between treatments or combinations of treatments used the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a significance level 95%. Parameters observed were an increase in leaves, an increase in plant length, and an increase in trunk size. The result showed that varieties, LOF, and interaction from varieties and LOF significantly towards all parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rabbit urine was a liquid fertilizer that could be used for agriculture because of its high nitrogen content. The weakness of this rabbit urine if it rains, rabbit urine will be carried away by the flow of rainwater. Rabbit urine encapsulation is a solution to the above problems. This research aims to study the process of making rabbit urine encapsulation in alginate bead coated with chitosan as a slow-release. An alginate bead was carried out by extruding a mixture of rabbit urine and sodium alginate into a 500 mL CaCl2 solution 50 mM with a pump with various syringe tip sizes as output, 18G, 16G, and 12G. The resulting beads were immersed into 100 mL chitosan solution 2%. The resulting beads were analyzed by measuring the alginate bead radius using a digital microscope and analyzing the nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen release process with UV-Vis Spectro. The average alginate bead diameter for 18G, 16G, and 12G tip sizes were 3.14 mm, 2.18 mm, and 1.89 mm and after being coated with chitosan were 3.49 mm, 2.48 mm, and 2.05 mm. Diffusivity coefficient nitrogen in chitosan was 1.167 x 10 −5 cm2/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater from the seaweed processing industry contains nutrients and growth regulators that have the potential to be used as liquid fertilizer. The purpose of the study was to examine the utilization of wastewater from seaweed processing industrial to become liquid fertilizer. The experiment was carried out by fermenting wastewater in an anaerobic fermenter at controlled temperature and pH, which using EM-4 decomposer at concentrations of 5% and 10%. While the ratio of wastewater to a mixture of materials (seaweed thallus, banana hump extract) is 70:30; 80:20; and 90:10 (% volume). The results showed that liquid fertilizer at the composition of 70:30 (% volume) with the addition of EM-4 of 10% gave the best quality according to the standard of liquid fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to determine the effect of conductivity of electrolyte solution K2SO4 on the energy consumed for plasma formation in air plasma electrolysis applied to the production of liquid nitrate fertilizer. The experimental parameters consist of various conductivity solutions. Difference the conductivity of the electrolyte solution K2SO4 is expressed by different concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 M). Batch reactor (10 cm diameter, 20 cm high) with stainless steel electrode as cathode (diameter 6 mm) and tungsten as anode (diameter 0.5 mm) were used by applying a continuous cooling system. At the moment observed at various voltages (40 – 400 V) for 20 seconds at each voltage. Energy consumption for vapor formation and release plasma was found to be higher at deeper positions anode. At the higher conductivity of the electrolyte solution, despite the energy consumption for the vapor formation was observed to be lower, the energy consumption for the depleted plasma was found to be higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legin is an inoculum containing bacteria that can fix N2 in the air. The activity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in legin was influenced by the availability of macro and micronutrients supplied from cow urine liquid fertilizer. This study aimed to determine the effect of legin inoculation and cow urine liquid fertilizer on N uptake and yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill. var. dega 1). The research was carried out from January to April 2021 in.Ngabean Village, Secang District, Magelang Regency with an altitude of 470 m above sea level with latosol soil type. The research design was a Completely Randomized Block Design (RAKL) with 2 treatment factors and 4 replications. The first factor was legin inoculation with doses of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 g/kg. The second factor is the treatment of cow urine liquid fertilizer 0 ml/l water and treatment of cow urine liquid fertilizer 100 ml/l water. Data were analyzed with variance and continued with Orthogonal Polynomial Test and 1 % LSD Test. The results showed that the legin inoculation treatment increased the number of root nodules, N uptake and number of filled pods. Treatment of cow urine increased the number of root nodules, N uptake and number of filled pods. The interaction between legin inoculation and cow urine treatment did not affect all parameters of the observation. Inoculation of legin 20 g/kg and cow urine 100 ml/L gave the highest results for all parameters observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canna (Canna edulis Kerr.) are local plants that rich in starch so that can be used as staple food as alternative for rice. Leaf area and tuber weight are indicators of Canna growth. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of monosodium glutamate and liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) on the leaf area and tuber weight of Canna edulis Kerr. A randomized complete block design with two factors was used. The first factor was the LOF level, namely: 0 L/1000 m2, 1 L/1000 m2, 1.5 L/1000 m2, and 2 L/1000 m2. The second factor was MSG level: 0 g/plant, 3 g/plant, 6 g/plant, and 9 g/plant. Canna was cultivated for six months from October 2020 to April 2021 in.Plumbon Village farmland, Selopampang District, Temanggung Regency with an altitude of 460 m above sea level. The treatment of fertilization was conducted fortnightly. The result show that LOF at the level of 1.5 L/1000 m2 without MSG and LOF of 1.5 L/1000 m2 combined with MSG 6 g/plant resulted in tuber weight of 750,7 g and 825,8 g respectively that are higher (p<0,05) than those of other tratments. However, leaf area was not influenced by any of the treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of using organic fertilizers is determined, among other things, by the method of application of fertilizers. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of the application of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of taro plants on dry land. This study applied six treatments, namely: 1) placing manure in the planting hole, 2) manure in the border, 3) spreading manure, 4) placing liquid fertilizer in a tube, 5) leaking liquid fertilizer, and 6) without organic fertilizer as control. The used of organic fertilizer is based on cow manure and liquid organic fertilizer from cow urine. The treatment was repeated three times. Harvesting is done at the age of 8 months. The results showed that the placement of liquid organic fertilizer in the tube showed the highest wet tuber yield of 13.0 Mg ha−1 was significantly different from the placement of liquid organic fertilizer leaked with a tuber weight of only 4.5 Mg ha−1. The lowest yield was shown in the treatment without organic fertilizer with a weight of only 2.5 Mg ha−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the commodity that has the potential to be profitable, especially before the new year is sweet corn. One of the factors causing the low productivity of sweet corn is the low availability of nutrients and poor soil structure due to improper soil management. Currently, many soils are experiencing a decline in fertility due to improper soil management with the use of amines, especially on sugarcane. Therefore, we tried to research the response of sweet corn plants on former sugarcane plantations. The research was conducted in the Mojosari experimental garden, Mojokerto, East Java, with an altitude of ± 50 m above sea level. This experiment consisted of 2 treatment factors. The first treatment factor was 3 treatments of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium as macro fertilizer and the second factor was 4 treatments with the addition of liquid supplementary fertilizer, using 3 replications. The highest production of sweet corn per plot was fertilized with 1 recommended dose of macro nitrogen, phosphate and potassium (Urea 375kg; Super Phosphate-36 250 kg and Potassium Chloride 62,5 kg/ha) plus liquid supplementary fertilizer at a dose of 4 ml per liter (per week). The highest yield parameters of sweet corn shavings were plants fertilized with 1 recommended dose of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium plus liquid supplementary fertilizer at a dose of 8 ml per liter of water. The highest RAE was in plants fertilized with 1 recommended dose of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium plus liquid supplementary fertilizer at content of 7.61 % N, 2.21% P2O5 and 2.03% (K2O), at a dose of 4 ml per litre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-l9) has prompted the need to explore alternative culture systems at the household level to both increase people's resilience and close the gap of hunger inequality and under nutrition of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-2). In this study, Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) was grown using a soilless culture system (SCS) in three different household residences. The partitioning plant's behavior was observed for favorable impact from both organic and inorganic fertilizer treatments. Two-week-old common bean seedlings were grown in separate media consisting of organic fertilizer from chicken manure and inorganic fertilizer (NPK). Sprinkle-on media and foliar techniques were used to fertilize plants with inorganic Super-grow and organic fertilizer based on rice waste. As a control, Hoagland solution was used to irrigate plants in all locations. The result shows that both plants partitioning and shoot to root ratio were improved by the combination of chicken manure, NPK, and Hoagland. Super growth liquid fertilizer and rice waste fertilizer also showed similar positive results. However, the plants were inhibited when they came into contact with household wastewater containing detergent. We concluded that Common Bean could be adapted into the soilless culture system in household residences and also be integrated into the Biophysical economic circulatory model. Concurrently, more attention must be paid to the plant partitioning indicator while research scale-up has the potential to support the targets of the 7 SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide contamination is one of earth crust problems, especially for agriculture soil. Addition of nanocarbon into liquid fertilizer is solution to remediate the polluted paddy field by adsorption and natural microbial degradation. Nano size of the carbon was conditionized by formation of dispersion system. The colloid system is needed to guarantee that the carbon can be used as part of fertilizer liquid to spray easily in the paddy field. Modification of nanocarbon using catalyst ZnO can improve catalytic degradation reaction of pesticide in agriculture soil. In this research, the nanocarbon was prepared from rice husk using hydrothermal - microwave and reflux - microwave. Purpose of this research is to study influence of both pyrolisis methods toward physical and chemical properties of nanocarbon. The pyrolisis process was performed by hydrothermal process (200°C, 5 h) or reflux process (200°C, 6 h) and followed by microwave process (800 W, 40 minutes). Weight ratio of the rice husk (> 60 mesh) and ZnCl2 as carbon activator is 50:1. No removal of ZnO after pyrolisis so that the products were ZnO - carbon composites. Nano size of the products were conditionized by formation of colloid system using each blending and stirring technique for 1 h. Chemical analysis of the rice husk was conducted by public analysis service in Department of Chemistry Brawijaya University. Result of the research showed that the rice husk contains in sequence of celulose>hemicellulose>lignin. The hydrothermal - microwave pyrolisis provided the darker product than the reflux - microwave method. FTIR spectra of the products showed that the pyrolized biomass had less both -OH and aliphatic -CH functional groups than the biomass. The double pyrolisis methods have produced the nanocarbons which have lower content of -OH and aliphatic -CH functional groups, but more M-O than the individual method. X-ray diffractograms of the composites had the patterns similar to CNT and nanocellulose difrractograms. The celulose crystalinity indexes of the composites are lower than of the biomass, indicating structure transformation of cellulose to the carbon structure. SEM images showed that the nanocomposite prepared by hydrothermal - microwave method has smaller particles than the reflux - microwave. Colloid system of the nanocomposite was more effectively formed by blending than stirring technique. UV - Vis spectra showed that the colloid of nanocarbon synthesized by hydrothermal - microwave methods had 2 peaks at 281.5 and 254 nm, otherwise by reflux - microwave provided one peak at 279 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One innovation to improve ammonia degradation is the Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) system which is a technology with prospects that utilize biomass or organic materials, including wastewater. However, the rate of degradation of ammonia with the MEC system is lower when compared to using other methods. Efforts can be made to optimize the ammonia degradation process by operating MEC using a design consortium consisting of Pseudomonas nitritireducens, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Pseudomonas taiwanensis, Pseudomonas monteili, and Geobacillus stearothermophillus. Another effort is to modify the anode by applying a layer of polyaniline. The MEC system used is a single compartment MEC with volume 100 mL, with optimum operating conditions based on polyaniline coating testing (PANI) as an ammonia degradation enhancer. Ammonia concentration will be tested using Spectrophotometry, and electrode morphology using FTIR Spectroscopy. The design consortium provides the best results in terms of the ammonia reduction profile of polyaniline coated MEC reactors with REmax acquisition of 1.905% or twice as efficient than standard MEC without modification on anode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen is the important element for plants to live, and it just can be absorbed by plants in the simpler compounds form, which is nitrate. Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis (CGDE) is a technology for the synthesis of new materials with the reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals and electrons are produced, including fixation of nitrogen from the air into nitrate solutions, which is the liquid fertilizer for plants. This research aims to determine how the nitrate solution can be formed through CGDE process and the influence of potassium sulfate concentration as its electrolyte solution. The process is carried out at optimum power obtained from the results of plasma electrolysis current-voltage characterization. The concentration of nitrate formed was tested quantitatively using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The results of this research show that the greater the concentration of electrolytes increase the nitrate productivity, but the specific energy consumption needed is decrease. Nitrate formed is able to reach 279.44 ppm at the highest K2SO4 concentration, which is 0.04 M. These results indicate that nitrates can be produced effectively by the CGDE method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Effect of zeolite on alginate beads for fabrication of Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) and using freeze drying method during manufacturing have been studied. CRF fabrication was done by mixing of alginate, zeolite and liquid NPK fertilizer followed by dipping into CaCl2 solution. The effect of zeolite was determined by the release of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) from A/Z/NPK and A/NPK bead. The CRF preparation using freeze-drying methods for A/NPK beads was also compared with air-drying method. The CRF products were characterized by using FTIR and SEM. Analysis of N, P and K was done by Kjeldahl method, UV-Vis and AAS. Swelling test (SR) of the beads and chemical reaction kinetics were investigated. The result showed that A/Z/NPK composite beads could be used as Controlled Release of NPK fertilizer and showed better capability than beads of A/NPK. The freeze-drying during beads formation showed better performance than air-drying method. The addition of zeolite and freeze-drying method is effective to enhance the swelling ratio of A/NPK. The chemical reaction kinetics model representing of A/Z/NPK, A/NPK beads using air and freeze-drying is Korsmeyer-Peppas model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of liquid NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of corn plants. The research was carried out in lowland at Malang Regency on DS II the 2018 with research plots of 6 m x 4 m compiled with randomized block design, 4 times, namely, A : no fertilization, B : 300 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha + 200 kg Ponska/ha (comparison), C : 300 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha + 3 ml liquid NPK/l water, D : 300 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha + 4 ml liquid NPK/l water, E : 300 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha + 5 ml liquid NPK/l water, F : 300 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha + 6 ml liquid NPK/l water, G : 300 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha + 7 ml liquid NPK/l water, and H : 300 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha + 8 ml liquid NPK/l water. The results showed that liquid NPK fertilizer 4 ml/l water/application (6 applications) combined of 300 kg Urea/ha + 50 kg SP-36/ha (D treatment) was effective in increasing yield by 9.10 t/ha dry grains and had R/C ratio 3.55 so that it is economically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An automatic stirring system based on temperature control has been successfully installed in a composter barrel. Composter with a 30 litres plastic barrel model was used to process organic waste into organic liquid fertilizer. The system worked by measuring temperature and controlling temperature. Function of temperature control to perform automatic stirring commands. To do this, the Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller is used as a system controller and SHT 11 sensor to detect the temperature and humidity of the composter chamber. Testing is done by measuring temperature continuously with DAQ based data acquisition methods. Stirring will work when the temperature matches the composter processing range. From the test results it was found that the temperature and the automatic stirring system worked well. From the test results it was found that the temperature and automatic stirring system had worked well and were successfully controlled when the temperature reached 50 °C so that stirring worked automatically. The ability to maintain temperature in the composter chamber is very important because it maintains the air cycle in the composter chamber. Thus, the composter with an automatic stirring system based on the temperature control produced in this study has offered a practical method for processing organic liquid fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preliminary survey showed that organic waste from the market is about 18.77%, or second largest in the total waste generation. Its management becomes a challenge, because it is not comprised only of organics but also mixed with small amount of plastics; therefore, conventional biological process will not achieve their maximum efficiency. Wet torrefaction is a thermal process in hot water medium, which will dissolve organic materials into water, effectively converting most solids into liquid product. Banana fruit stem and cabbage were chosen as the mixed organic waste representative, and treated in a 2.5 L reactor using saturated steam in the temperature range of 175 to 225 °C before being analyzed for their heating value in solid products as fuel precursors, and their nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) contents in liquid products as liquid fertilizer precursors. It was found that for cabbage, the wet torrefaction process at 200 °C and 90 min resulted in 15.59 MJ/kg product heating value with NPK content of 3.43%. For banana fruit bunch stem, the wet torrefaction process at 225 °C and 30 min resulted in 17.64 MJ/kg product heating value with NPK content of 5.13%. It can be concluded that wet torrefaction process can simultaneously produce solid and liquid product as solid fuel and liquid fertilizer, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many activities in this market is directly proportional to increase production of vegetables waste, especially surabaya. Therefore, in this study aims to utilize liquid waste of vegetables into liquid organic fertilizer by mixing microbial consorsium. The microbial consorsium consist of Azotobacter chrococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas putida, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Ttreatment of microbial concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%) and the length of the incubation period (7 days, 14 days, 21 days) used in this research. The parameters used are: C/N ratio, levels of CNP, and BOD value. This study uses a standard organic fertilizer value according SNI19-7030-2004, The results show the value of C/N ratio comply with the ISO standards. C levels showed an increase during the incubation period but not compare with standards. N levels that compare with standards are microbial treatment in all group concentration except control group with an incubation period of 21 days is > 7. P levels compare with the existing standards in the group of microbe concentration of 10% and 15% during the incubation period. The value of the initial BOD liquid waste of vegetable is 790.25 mg/L, this value indicates that the waste should not go into the water body. Accordingly, the results of this study can not be used as a liquid organic fertilizer, but potentially if it is used as a natural career or build natural soil. The Building natural soil is defined as the natural ingredients that can be used to improve soil properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soilless cultivation was carried out using anaerobic digestion effluent of sewage sludge as liquid fertilizer, with a preparation which cultures microorganisms in nutrient solution. As a result, ammonium ions contained in the effluent were nitrified into nitrate ions by the microorganisms. And then, Japanese mustard spinach (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) was cultivated by soilless cultivation system. The plants were grown well using microbial nutrient solution, which similar to the plants using conventional inorganic nutrient solution. In contrast, the plants were grown poorly using the effluent as liquid fertilizer without microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]