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Waste tire disposal continues to increase an environmental concern in world regions. Disposing of used tires is a significant environmental problem faced by most regions, especially in urban areas of Iraq. Recycling rubber tire waste contributes to solve the issues mentioned above by using recovered materials such as crumbled rubber and steel fibers to make a new type of sustainable concrete. This research used Recycled Tire Steel Fiber (RTSF) to study its effect on high strength lightweight concrete containing tire rubber aggregate. The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), water absorption, static modulus of elasticity, thermal conductivity, and flexural toughness of all prepared concrete mixes were tested. Several trial mixes with various rubber waste contents (10, 15, and 20% for coarse aggregate as 5, 10, and 15 % for fine aggregate) as volume substitution to natural coarse or fine aggregate were carried out. The selected lightweight concrete mixtures is with 20% and 15% volume replacement of rubber to coarse and fine aggregate respectively. Also, this selected mixture was reinforced with different volume fractions of recycled tire steel fibers of 0.5%, 0.75, and 1%. The results illustrate that the inclusion of RTSF enhances the UPV of concrete with rubber tire aggregate, and high strength lightweight concrete with 50 MPa-compressive strength or more that can be produced. The improvement in UPV, static modulus of elasticity, and flexural toughness were 22%, 12.7%, and 1114%, respectively, for the lightweight concrete reinforced with volume fraction of 1% compared to the reference mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cement kiln dust (CKD) is one of the wastes increasing yearly as the building industry grows. CKD harms both human health and the environment. Therefore, removing this waste as much as possible has become essential. This investigation focused on inclusion of not-treated CKD as a partial replacement by weight of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with four percent of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% to produce economical and environmentally friendly concrete. Also, CKD was treated by washing in water, drying in air and then grinding, 10% of treated CKD by weight of cement was used to produce another concrete mixture. Concrete mixes and specimens were prepared to investigate different properties (workability, dry density, water absorption, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, static modulus of elasticity, water absorption, and concrete microstructure). The results illustrate that increased CKD content decreased the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, UPV, oven dry density, static modulus of elasticity, and thermal conductivity. Including CKD from 10% to 40% decreased the compressive strength between 28.62% to 48.1%, and the splitting tensile strength decreased by 17.68% to 76.21%. Flexural strength also dropped by around 17.56% to 20.02%. Thermal conductivity recorded low values ranging from 1.32 – 0.87 W/ (m.K). The modulus of elasticity decreased by about 18.1%, 23.46%, 30.42%, and 34.1%. while water absorption was the only property that was increased by 64.1%, 67%,69.6%, and 79.5% for 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For polymer composites modified polypropylene, polymer poor conduction is evaluated as the most significant parameter and a drawback. To increase its electrical and thermal conductivity, MWCNT is being developed. One of the most effective reinforcing materials for improved electrical and thermal properties is still carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This study examined the effects of fillers made of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the structural, electrical, thermal, and physical properties of polypropylene PP/MWCNTs composites. Solution casting was used to create the PP/MWCNTs composites, which had different MWCNT concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 weight percent. According to the electrical conductivity data, the best ratio of electrical conductivity at 3% was 7.8×10-4 with Ea = 0.92ev, and the addition of MWCNT increased electrical conductivity. Investigations into the thermal conduction of PP/MWCNT nanocomposites with varying MWNT concentrations revealed. Modified materials including high correlation between the TC value and the MWCNT content, kind, and structure in the composite. TC value between 0.12 and 0.33 W/m.K. The inclusion of MWCNT results in a rise in the onset (Tc,o) and peak endset (Tc,e) tem. of crystallization. The addition of 3 weight percent of MWCNT resulted in an increase of 36.9◦C to the Tc,o of PP nanocomposites and 52.8◦C to the endset crystallization temperature Tc,e. The Tm of PP and its nanocomposites was found to be between 112.1◦C and 168.1◦C. As the weight fraction of MWCNT grew, so did the contact angle, roughness, and hardness; the optimal ratio was 3% Wt., the contact angle was 76.40, the roughness ranged from 3.22 to 4.6 µm, and the hardness ranged from 60 to 77. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sewage sludge is a waste material rich in organic matter and nutrients that can be decomposed through pyrolysis. Recent research has explored the potential of using pyrolyzed sewage sludge for the removal of heavy metals from water. Heavy metal contamination has become a significant global concern due to its detrimental effects on the environment. Researchers have been particularly interested in studying the adsorption mechanisms of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) by biochar produced from sewage sludge. Various factors influencing the adsorption process and the regenerative capacity of sludge-derived biochar have been studied. This research provides insights into the topic and highlights potential avenues for future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer is one of the cancers with the highest incidence rates in Indonesia. One of the treatments commonly used for cervical cancer is chemotherapy using doxorubicin. Doxorubicin is one of the compounds belong to the anthracycline class which is responsible for inhibiting the Topoisomerase II enzyme. The drug delivery technology with nanoparticles has the potential to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. Nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and folic acid can be used for the development of drug delivery. To date, the information of doxorubicin distribution within HeLa cells using folic acid conjugated nanoparticles has been limited. Furthermore, Topoisomerase II has been reported to be correlated with the chromosome structure. Nevertheless, the information about the effects of doxorubicin on chromosome structure has yet to be revealed. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of folic acid conjugation on nanoparticles on the internalization of doxorubicin and to evaluate the effects of doxorubicin on the HeLa chromosome. The HeLa cells were treated with doxorubicin, doxorubicin with the nanoparticle, and doxorubicin with folic acid-conjugated nanoparticles. Doxorubicin distribution within the cell was visualized using a fluorescence microscope. For chromosome investigation, the HeLa cell was cultured and treated with 4 µg/mL doxorubicin. Chromosomes were stained with Giemsa and observed. The results obtained in this study showed that the number of cells treated with doxorubicin with folic acid-conjugated nanoparticles was less than the control. Furthermore, the number, length, and area of the control chromosomes were 41–75 chromosomes/cell, 2–5 µm, and 4–15 µm2, respectively. On the contrary, the metaphase chromosome from the cells treated with doxorubicin could not be obtained. These results further strengthen that the folic acid helped the cells to internalize doxorubicin and that the doxorubicin inhibits the activity of Topoisomerase II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable strategic plan in higher education institutions (HEIs) requires inputs and facts that can be obtained from analyzing the big data. HEIs collect numerous data from students every enrollment, creating big data. However, big data should be given more attention. This study aimed to explore the big data of the postgraduate students in a Malaysian University, namely University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), analyze data characteristics, patterns, and anomalies, and forecast future enrollment models using the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) technique. The data were extracted from the university academic database, Student Information Management Systems (SIMS). Several parameters were set in the Structured Query Language (SQL) to mine the data and exported to the Excel software for data post-processing and analysis. The single parameter fitted polynomial regression method was used to develop a forecasting model for postgraduate enrolment from 2022 to 2030. In this paper, we presented the data characteristics and pattern of the postgraduate student demographic and discussed the summary of the postgraduate students' achievements in depth. The developed enrolment forecast modeling shows that the university will have approximately 50,000 postgraduate students enrolment in 2030. Thus, the university must have a strategic plan to identify the future research area, acquire suitable expertise, and upgrade the supporting facilities to accommodate future needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban landscapes have become an important factor in the place industry and the promotion and marketing of tourist destinations, given the rapid technological developments and the possibility of adapting them to support urban tourism. The research paper aims to explore different technology applications and ways that contribute to enhancing the urban landscape and supporting urban tourism. In order to understand the role of technology in urban tourism, it was necessary to explore theoretical frameworks on the topic of urban tourism, how technology contributes to supporting urban landscape, what are the possibilities and means to achieve this at the global level, how to benefit from it at the local level, and diagnose the obstacles to that, and build a theoretical framework that contributes to supporting urban landscape and urban tourism. The paper suggests that there are three influential contexts in achieving place-making in the urban landscape through technology: physical, social, and functional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of security and achieving a sense of safety for the population is one of the most important goals that all countries of the world, governments, and civil society organizations pursue to achieve, because of the great importance and impact of this topic on the stability of these countries and their economic, social and cultural development, where most major cities, which witnessed rapid breadth and expansion of their urban fabric, suffer from the emergence of many problems, on top of which is a crime of all kinds. This may be due to the bad methods used in spatial planning, which neglected the fulfillment of the different needs of the population. Hence, the research problem is the clarity of the relationship between spatial planning of land use and security enhancement and reducing the chances of crime in Iraqi cities. So, specify the purpose of the search to clarify the relationship between the concepts of spatial planning and urban security to reach the most important planning indicators that will enhance urban security and reduce the incidence of crimes in the future. As the research assumes: that spatial planning can have an effective role in raising the level of security and reducing crime in Iraqi cities; in order to achieve the goal of the research, the concept of urban security and security was addressed, and the spatial planning and its role in achieving urban security, and then the most important planning indicators to reduce crime were reached, which were represented by indicators next :(Population and housing density, mixing in land use, environment Residential And lighting in roads and streets). And after applying the indicators to the study area, which is the city of Baghdad, which is the largest city in recording the incidence of various crimes in Iraq, the most important results of the study were that the city of Baghdad suffers from a sharp rise in population and housing densities and an acute shortage of open and green urban spaces in the residential environment, which led to making them polluted and unsafe residential environments, in addition to the spread of public, commercial centers within the shops and residential areas. And the lack of interest in maintaining street lighting, which acts as a psychological deterrent to the criminal and prevents them from thinking about crime Where most areas of the city of Baghdad suffer from the spread of dark streets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a solar water heater consisting of an evacuated tube-type solar collector with 20 tubes and a thermally insulated tank with a capacity of 120 liters was used. A 50 L thermally insulated porous media tank was added and 10 mm diameter glass balls were placed inside representing the porous media. Practical experiences were conducted to study the effect of the porous medium on increasing the time of supplying hot water. of several heights of porous media (0 mm, 150 mm, 300 mm, and 450 mm) and at different flow rates (2, 4, 6, and 8 L/min). The results of practical showed that the addition of porous media increases the time of supplying hot water, as the time of supplying hot water increases with the increase of the level of porous media in the tank. It was found from practical experiments that for a flow rate of 2 l / min, the time for supplying hot water without the use of porous media was 92 minutes, and when using porous media with a height of 150 mm, the time required to supply hot water increased to 96 minutes, and at a height of 300 mm, the time was 102 minutes for a height of 450 mm was 110 minutes, and this applied to other flow rates. The results of the daily efficiency of the solar collector showed that it increases with the increase in the level of the porous medium and for all flow rates (2, 4, 6, 8) l/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroless nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) coating is widely utilized in industrial engineering because of its ability to alter and increase the surface qualities of steel substrates Surface qualities like as brightness, luster, and aesthetic appeal can all be improved using electroless nickel coatings. This research succeeded in the preparation of Nickle Phosphorus nanostructure (Ni-P) deposited on low carbon steel substrate via electrolysis process. Ni-P nanoparticle were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) examination. A XRD results explained a crystal size with monoclinic phase structure for Ni-P nanoparticle on low carbon steel substrate, and the diffraction peaks can be assigned with good crystal quality for Ni-P. In addition, the FE-SEM results revealed a small grain size of Ni-P With its excellent adhesion to the coated substrates, this final coating layer can be used as a "undercoat" for subsequent layers of coatings. The main objective of the present work is to improve surface performance characteristics by Ni-P nanostructure coating using electroless deposition technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information is divided into two types: classical and quantum. Quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum teleportation are just a few of the miracles they can do when working together. Some of the uses range from assisting in the prevention of spies reading private messages to assisting in the prevention of spies reading private communications. Quantum purification and quantum error correction are examples of techniques that will make their implementation easier. Although some of these concepts are still beyond present technological capabilities, quantum cryptography has been established. The possibilities for small-scale quantum computer device prototypes by the end of the millennium are promising. This paper is focusing on addressing the depended approaches which deal with implementation cryptography based on quantumcomputing. Remembering that cryptography is a method of encryption that uses the naturally occurring propertiesof quantum mechanics to secure and transmit data in a way that cannot be hacked. Cryptography is the process ofencrypting and protecting data so that only the person who has the right secret key can decrypt it. For decades now, quantum computing has been hailed as one of the next big revolutions. Quantum computing is not just fasterthan traditional computing methods, but a fundamentally different approach to solve seemingly intractable problems. The mathematical operations that most traditional cryptographic algorithms rely on could be cracked with a sufficiently strong quantum computer. This paper aims to explain how quantum computing affects currentcryptography and expose readers to fundamental post-quantum methods. Quantum computing's influence on IT professionals is becoming increasingly important. As a result, we provide a straightforward introduction to post-quantum cryptography, including quantum-resistant algorithms and quantum key distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of hydrogen sulfide fate and emission in a full-scale plant type A2/O in Karbala sewage treatment plant STP. The odorous sulfur compounds released from treatment plants endanger workers and the general environment. Hydrogen sulfide, in particular, is responsible for odors similar to rotten eggs. During summer months of 40 °C, the H2S concentration (effluent to wastewater) decreases in an ascending trend while the emission rate to air increases. As winter season develops, the temperature is likely to decrease by 15°C. On the other hand, due to the low temperatures, H2S gas production increases and then begins to decline by the end of the season, resulting in a decrease in the rate of emission into the air. Several parameters impacting H2S fate and emission at the treatment plant, like temperature, pH, BOD5, and dissolved oxygen, were all presented in this study. The effectiveness of the odor control system as a result, no hazardous gases accumulated within the plant building, indicating that both the workplace and the environment were safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite hydrogel beads bio-sorbent was introduced through this work by cross-linking cellulose, chitosan, magnetite, and alginate (CCMA) for removal of heavy metal copper. The effect of CCMA's dosage and contact time in adsorbate solution was also studied through this work to determine the highest percentage of copper metal, Cu (II) removal. Based on the effect of CCMA dosage and adsorption contact time in copper solution studied, an excellent percentage of Cu (II) removal of 97.47% was achieved at 4g of CCMA dosage and 24-hour contact time to reach its adsorption equilibrium state. Moreover, the thermal properties and stability of CCMA investigated through TGA analysis in this work revealed that the thermal stability of CCMA was significantly improved with a high mass residual of 92.35% compared to cellulose and chitosan powder. Thus, it is proven that the cross-linking of cellulose-chitosan-magnetite-alginate (CCMA) in this work was successfully done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal wastewater treatment plant generates a large amount of sludge each year with a generation rate of up to 30.8 kg per population equivalent per year. These sewage sludge cakes contain an abundant amount of lipids that can be extracted, and their compound can be utilized in the production of value-added products. The separation of lipids subsequently reduces the volume of sludge to be managed and disposed of. Lipids can be separated using the conventional Soxhlet extractor, and the yield depends on process parameters such as solvent to sludge ratio, temperature, extraction time, and particle size. Among these parameters, particle size was scarcely studied while extraction time shows an insignificant effect on lipids yield. Therefore, this paper focuses on the impact of the particle size as effective extraction size as well as significant extraction parameters; temperature and sludge-to-solvent ratio on the lipids yield of extraction from the sewage sludge cake using methanol as solvent. Four sludge particle size ranges (x) were selected as the effective extraction size (x≤0.425mm, 0.4254.00mm), five solvents to sludge ratio (7, 8, 10, 13, and 20mL/g) and solvent temperature ranging from 60 to 90℃ were studied with the percentage of lipids yield as the response. The results show that the fine treatment region of x≤2.00mm resulted in higher lipids output compared to the coarse treatment region of x>2.00mm. The highest lipid of 9.70% was obtained at an effective size range of 1.00

The synthesis of polyaniline in varied conditions or parameters produce different outcomes in term of morphologies and particle size. Well defined theory that clearly illustrate complete morphology spectrum remains scarce. Chemical oxidative polymerization of polyaniline (PANI) to be compounded in prevulcanised latex (PVL) film was produced throughout this work. PANI was prepared using aniline in hydrochloric acidic solution (HCl) with the presence of ammonium persulphate (APS) as the oxidizing agent and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as surfactant. This work proposes an outcome to reveal the significance of different molar ratio of aniline to oxidant at equimolar (0.2: 0.2 M) and non-equimolar (0.3: 0.1 M) with respect to different preparation process yielded different particle size of polymerized PANI. Analysis of microscopy images and particle size analysis (sonicated and unsonicated) reveal that all samples were highly flocculated with particle size of equimolar ranging between 10.0 to 152.45 µm and non-equimolar with 15.0 to 130.0 µm. After sonication applied, the population of smaller particle increased notably. Both ratio of aniline to oxidant formulation yields flocculated particle and quite consistently similar particle size. Microscopy images are present to support the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional petrol diesel, described as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats. Commonly, produced through transesterification with methanol or ethanol as alcohol with the help of a catalyst to increase the reaction rate and shift the equilibrium to the right. This study was conducted to determine the ideal operating conditions for alkaline-catalyzed transesterification to obtain the highest yield of FAME (%). The transesterification process was done using palm oil as feedstock reacted with methanol and assisted with potassium hydroxide(KOH) as the catalyst. Four different variables are done in the research which are the molar ratio (methanol: oil), reaction temperature (°C), reaction time (min), and catalyst loading (%). The highest yield obtained was at molar ratio 15:1, reaction temperature of 60°C, the reaction time of 120 min, and catalyst loading of 1% where the yield obtained was 87.47%, 87.73%, 87.97%, and 89.93%. However, according to a Minitab simulation, the optimum yield of 91.65% could be reached by performing the transesterification process with a molar ratio of 15:1, a reaction temperature of 60°C, a reaction time of 90 minutes, and a catalyst loading of 2%. Next, the physicochemical properties of the FAME were determined for its saponification value, iodine value, viscosity, and moisture content using the ASTM method referring to the biodiesel fuel standard ASTM D 6751. The value of these tests was then compared with the limit set by ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214 for the qualification on diesel-engine testing. Results obtained showed that the FAME produced has a saponification value of 197.80mgKOH/g, an iodine value of 58.29mgI2/100g, the kinematic viscosity of 5.06mm2/s, and moisture content of 0.0015% in the range of ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214 specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of the power conversion increases harmonics and losses and reduces the stability of the power. New technology of multilevel inverter can be used to overcome disadvantages of traditional inverters. Multilevel inverter technologies have recently gained popularity as a cost-effective alternative for a variety of industrial applications. This topology has a few noteworthy properties, including lower component, lower switching losses, and better output voltage/current waveform. The reduction of harmonic components in the inverter output voltage/current is the most important requirement in multilevel inverters. The system suggested in this study is made up of four separate renewable energy sources. Three PV solar systems with voltages of (1:3:4)E values and wind-turbine of 2E value are recommended. The total dc sources were combined are (1:2:3:4)E to produce a 21-level output voltage. Also the system is designed to produce 17-level in the case of absence wind. The system is designed using MATLAB program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity is one of the most important energy resources used for human comfort. Its generation is very expensive, so it must be carefully managed. Energy management is a key to well-used electrical grid, especially in developing countries, including Iraq, which face significant challenges such as frequent outages. The grid's main feature is good management with integration of renewable energies. Photovoltaic (PV) energy systems are widely used in variety of applications. It provides an alternative solution for energy self-sufficiency, and it is also possible to share the surplus with the grid. However, the PV system is temperature and solar radiation dependent, which is regarded as a disadvantage due to weather changes. At demand response (DR), the energy produced by the PV system may have a surplus or a shortfall of electric power resulting in either loss or no energy use or service interruptions. This problem of intermittency is overcome by hybridization. Thus, if the primary source is unable to meet the entire DR, the secondary source will take over the re-possibility of supporting. In this paper, a PV-Battery-Grid system is designed, tested and modelled by MATLAB program to integrate solar energy, bank of batteries, loads and grid. The proposed system pro-vides and manages generated energy by sharing it to loads and grid. Furthermore, the total harmonics distortion values of output inverter current, ac load current, and grid current were 2.16%, 0.18%, and 0.89% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using photovoltaic cells is limited due to their high cost and low efficiency. where its efficiency is less than 15%–20%. The high operating temperature of photovoltaic cells leads to a decrease in their efficiency. Accordingly, the cell's effectiveness and operational life are negatively impacted by the high operating temperature. This research looked at, the Ansys Fluent program (CFD) and MATLAB programs were used to investigate and analyze the result of using air from the outer part of a split unit air conditioner to cool the PV cell. A mono-crystalline silicon PV cell with a capacity of 250 watts and dimensions of (1640 x 990 x 40) mm was adopted in this analysis. The findings indicated that the operating temperature of the uncooled photovoltaic cell was 60.959 °C, while it was 42.211 °C for the cooled cell with heat sink at 12 am. The higher temperature difference was 18 °C between the cooled and uncooled cells in the middle of the day. While the lowest difference in operating temperature was 12 °C at 4 pm. The operating temperature dropped at a rate of 16% and the average rate of rise in electrical output was 5% between the cooled and uncooled cells. This entails lowering the operating temperature, which increases the amount of energy produced while also extending life of PV cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice straws are available in large quantities during harvesting, but most are left without protection and treatment in the rice field. The poorly handled straws are underutilized as feed due to physical and microbial damage, nutrient loss, palatability, and digestibility. The research aimed to study (1) the availability and nutrient content of straws of different varieties and parts and (2) the beneficial effects of simple bulk handlings to maintain the nutritional values of stored rice straw. Fresh straw samples of three local rice cultivars were collected from 15 rice farmers. The varieties were Anak Daro (AD), Cisokan (CS) and Bujang Marantau (BM). The stem, leaf, and panicle straw parts were separately cut, weighed, dried, ground, and analyzed for crude nutrients. About 1.8 tons of fresh straw were used for the storage experiment. They were divided into three parts (@ 600 kg). Each part was stacked, rolled, wrapped in forty-eight bulk parties of 50 kg-size each, and then stored for 90 days at room temperature. Samples were taken on the days 0, 30, 60, and 90. Parameters measured were the percentage of the stem, leaf, and panicle, crude nutrient, fiber fraction, and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM). Data on the field survey was statistically analyzed in a one-way, completely randomized design, while the storage data were analyzed in two-way variance analysis. The result shows that the mean straw yield was 66.5 and 242.9% of the whole plant and grain yield, respectively. The straw comprised 71.4, 20.5, and 8.1% stems, leaves, and panicles. BM cultivar had the lowest straw yield and DM content but the highest crude protein (CP). Panicles had the highest DM and CP content, followed by leaves and stems. There was no significant effect of bulk handling methods on the percentage of straw parts, CP and fiber fraction, and digestibility. The DM content of stacked and rolled straw increased while wrapping maintained the moisture content during the storage period. In conclusion, stems and panicles were found to be the most valuable straw parts, and the stored straw should be wrapped to keep nutrient and moisture content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries have improved the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry through the synergistic deployment of Lean Construction (LC) and Building Information Modelling (BIM). Despite the opportunities of these approaches, their implementation differs between countries. This study aims to measure awareness and knowledge of LeanBIM in Morocco. A quantitative survey using a questionnaire was conducted with 171 professionals and academics. Sixty-five responses were complete and suitable for processing. The results show a below-average awareness and knowledge of LeanBIM. They conclude that the main obstacle is the lack of BIM and LC standards and regulations. With confidence in the potential of LeanBIM and a willingness to acquire the necessary skills to adopt it. The scientific and professional community can use the results to find effective ways for LeanBIM to emerge. This study is the first on a local scale. It is essential for all neighbouring, developing, Arab and African countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simulation of the fracture problems in the machine elements made from composite materials are considered necessary in different engineering fields. The study of cracks in composite materials is of interest to modern research. This research paper is interesting in studying the crack in the wind turbine blade using the XFEM method to fill the gap in this research area. In this article, the XFEM method is defined and its working principle for fracture simulation is explained. During the simulation all external conditions are taken into consideration and cyclic loads are applied to the blade which cause cracking. Based on the obtained results, the effect of the crack on the deflection of the blade was investigated, where the deflection without the crack was 5.12 mm, while with the crack (a/D =0.4), it was 5.22mm. Also, the stresses for both cases (with and without cracks) were computed, and their values were 3.53 and 7.77 MPa, respectively. The stress intensity factor (SIF) results along the crack were also extracted, and the largest value was equal to 23.69 at the (a/D= 0.4), which caused the crack to propagate at the blade's root until failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Washing food before eating can help remove dirt from the soil and microorganisms that can shorten a food's shelf life. The goal of this study is to see which washing treatment can extend the shelf life and which flavonoid content in bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) changes the least. Several washing procedures were used on a bay leaf, including washing with water at 3°C (Hydrocooling), 40°C (Heat Shock), and ozone exposure with flow times of 120 seconds, 240 seconds, 360 seconds, and 480 seconds. The samples were collected from bay leaf trees in Surabaya's Bubutan District. Organoleptic testing and mass loss are used to detect cell damage. The transition from organoleptic to non-organoleptic was accompanied by mass loss, which continued to diminish due to the evaporation process, which sought to balance the temperature of the leaf's system with the temperature of its surroundings. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) technique was used to conduct the investigation. For three days, observations were done every 12 hours, and organoleptic and mass loss of leaves were noted. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure flavonoid levels after three days. The results of mass loss and flavonoid content were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA technique in the Statistical Package for The Social Sciences (SPSS). The analysis revealed that each treatment made a significant difference. According to mass loss measurements, the washing treatment with ozone water at a flow time of 120 seconds resulted in the smallest mass shrinkage of 55.38 percent. The levels of bay leaf flavonoid in different washing procedures resulted in significant changes in the test results. The levels of bay leaf flavonoid in different washing procedures resulted in significant changes in the test results. The highest level of bay leaf flavonoids was (10.139±0.089) mg QE/g after 360 seconds of ozone flow. As a result, the ozone-washing treatment is more effective in inhibiting cell damage and increasing the levels of flavonoids in bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there is an urgent need to search for alternative materials such as concrete ingredients; therefore, various natural materials such as organic wastes have been explored. Iraq produces a lot of organic and agricultural wastes that are largely unused. This study conducted an experimental investigation to evaluate the suitability of incorporating eggshells powder and Date Seeds (DS) in concrete. Concrete mixtures including 10% eggshells powder as a replacement by weight of cement in combination with different contents of DS of 0, 15, 25, and 35% as volume replacement to natural coarse aggregate. In addition, a reference concrete mixture without eggshells or date seeds was prepared (M). The features considered were flexural and compressive strengths, workability, dry density, permeability, thermal conductivity, and water absorption. The results illustrated that the optimal replacement content is 15% replacement of date seeds as volume fraction of natural coarse aggregate in the concrete. This content reduces thermal conductivity, flexural strength, and compressive strength, by about 6%, 9.81%, and 19.37%, respectively, compared to the concrete mixtures containing only eggshells powder at 28-day age. Furthermore, the water absorption and permeability of DS concrete were increased whenever DS level ascended, but permeability and water absorption values were lower than 10% and 50 mm, respectively, which indicate the good quality of this concrete. This investigation demonstrates that eggshells powder and date seeds can be successfully used as waste materials to produce high-strength, sustainable concrete with acceptable properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic fertilizer quality affects its effectiveness as a soil amendment. The incubation study aimed to evaluate the effect of indigenous cellulolytic fungi (CF), Penicillium sp. isolate SR18, as an enrichment agent of organic fertilizers (OF) on soil available phosphorus and its correlation with the soil biology of Inceptisol. Seven treatments and three replications were arranged in a randomized block design. The treatments consisted of control, 5 g kg−1 compost, 10 g kg−1 compost, 5 g kg−1 cow manure, 10 g kg−1 cow manure, 5 g kg−1 vermicompost, and 10 g kg−1 vermicompost. This study observed available phosphorus, total microbes, phosphate solubilizer, and respiration. The results showed that indigenous CF-enriched OF (compost, cow manure, and vermicompost) as much as 5 g and 10 g kg-1 improved soil av. P, total microbes, phosphate-solubilizers, and respiration both at 30 and 60 days after incubation (DAI). Application of higher doses of indigenous CF-enriched OF increased the available phosphorus, phosphate solubilizer, and respiration at 30 and 60 DAI (compost); available P at 30 DAI, total microbes, and respiration at 30 and 60 DAI (cow manure); available P at 30 DAI, total microbes at 60 DAI, phosphate solubilizer microbes at 60 DAI, and respiration at 30 and 60 DAI (vermicompost). The vermicompost enriched by cellulolytic fungi was superior to compost and cow manure in recovering soil available phosphorus and biological properties. There was a significantly positive correlation between available phosphorus with total microbes and phosphate solubilizer at 30 and 60 DAI and respiration at 30 DAI. This study highlighted that CF-enriched OF effectively recovers soil quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we propose a hybrid g-transform and homotopy perturbation method (HGTHPM) for solution of fractional differential equations (FDEs). The g-transform itself is a potent application in math and Various applied sciences and has been improved and developed along with the homotopy perturbation method, then use it to acquire approximate solutions for fractional differential equations. We also point to some applied examples to show the proficiency and capability of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have previously studied fractional calculus (FC) in which the differentiation and integration is of non-integer order, so we will study in this research the fractional integrals and fractional derivatives based on a new transformation called Al-Zughair transformation (ZT), as well as review some basic properties and definitions of fractional integrals and fractional derivatives by Riemann-Liouvial operator, and support this transformation of FC with some applications and examples at the end of the article for simplicity the Fractional Integrals and Fractional Derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns have been raised about global warming and energy scarcity, as well as the economic and sustainability characteristics of renewable energy. In recent years, power load management has become popular, allowing residents to save money on their energy bills by scheduling devices and connecting renewable energy systems. However, manually scheduling devices take time and may not satisfy users. The solution is power load energy management system (PLEMS) of power generations; including the renewable energy and grid sources, on which researchers have been working for the past few years. Any system can be improved by identifying the problem and gotten solutions. Previous research and analyses for factors influencing solar energy forecasting, measurement systems, and energy management systems have been reviewed. With current research, a variety of techniques for PLEMS were listed. The purpose of this review study is to present the concepts, objectives and studies of PLEMS systems, with a focus on the elements that provide the best operating system of PLEMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important main characteristics of wireless transmission system transformers (WPT) are coupling coefficient, self-inductance, and mutual inductance, which directly affect the efficiency of the system. Due to the unique and complex nature of transformers, a finite element method (FEM) calculation was used to determine these parameters using the Ansys Maxwell software. This paper introduces and discusses the characteristics and shapes of pads with emphasis on round pads, and the effect of ferrite quantity on the coupling modulus. The system results showed that the coupling coefficient is significantly affected by increasing the amount of ferrite and lesser by changing the shape of the ferrite. Also proved that it is affected by increasing the amount of overlapping space for the files by changing the shapes of the files to flat, concave and convex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption is rising over the world, also resources are growing scarce. Only conventional sources of power are utilized as a major source of energy. Some traditional energy sources, like thermal energy, are derived from fossil fuel coal, which is depleting also has a finite lifespan. Renewable energy sources like solar also wind, among others, have a promising future. The wind sector has made great development in recent years. Many interconnected electricity networks have witnessed a considerable rise in wind power penetration. Wind farms in distant places may possibly be utilized as a stand-alone wind energy source. In this work, summarizing past research regarding PV/Wind energy supply system employing permanent magnet synchronous generator with multilayer inverter were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduced and examined various types of fuzzy ρ – algebra ideals in this research, which we dubbed fuzzy strongly ρ̅ −ideal,fuzzy ρ – subideal and fuzzy primary ρ – ideal, respectively. We also presented some hypotheses that explained some of the linkages between these fuzzy ideal types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents and investigates many forms of ρ –algebra filters, termed normal ρ –filter, semi ρ –filter, usual ρ –filter, fuzzy normal ρ –filter, fuzzy semi ρ –filter, and fuzzy usual ρ –filter, respectively. We also offered some theories to explain some of the connections between these filter types and ideals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we focused on the concept of cubic dihedral sets in order to look at some new types of algebra, such as cubic dihedral d/BCK −algebra. The algebra of cubic dihedral permutations is investigated using the members in symmetric group that are generated cubic dihedral sets. Furthermore, several findings are presented to study and discuss the types of cubic dihedral even permutation d/BCK −algebra and cubic dihedral odd permutation d/BCK −algebra provided by their permutation structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we introduced and investigated three forms of ρ –algebra ideals, termed strongly ρ̅ – ideal, ρ – subideal, and primary ρ – ideal. Furthermore, we also offered some theories for explaining some of the connections between these ideal types. In this work, we show that every strongly ρ̅−ideal of ψ is ρ̅−ideal of ψ and ρ-subalgebra of ψ. Also, if Γ the strongly ρ̅−ideal of ψ such that α ⊛ β = λ and β ∈ Γ, we show that α ∈ Γ. Moreover, if Γ the strongly ρ̅−ideal of ψ satisfies α ∈ Γ−{λ} and α ⊛ β = λ, then β ∈ Γ is proved. Assume that Γ is a ρ̅−ideal with α ∈ Γ, β ∈ ψ, then we consider that (α ⊛ λ) ⊛ β ∈ Γ and if α ⊛ β ∈ Γ & β ∈ Γ imply α ∈ Γ, then we show that Γ is ρ−ideal. Finally, some new notions and results about regular ρ –algebra are investigated and studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced various schools, colleges, and universities to close temporarily, whether partially or fully, and encouraged global education systems to adopt a distance learning (DL) model overnight. Therefore, many students and instructors have been forced to shift to DL, especially higher education students. Despite many conducted research on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges (SWOC) analyses of DL, there is a noticeable gap in providing a quality model to improve the results of these analyses in research. Therefore, this manuscript aims to explore, investigate, and analyze the recent studies of the SWOC of DL in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic, and thus, a conceptual quality model is formulated to help improve the identified SWOC of DL in higher education during such pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoforming process has now become the most suitable and conventional method for manufacturing 3D circuits with complex geometries. The mold of commercially available automobile lighting LED is developed using CNC machine. The stretchable circuit is printed on a thermoplastic substrate through screen printing technique before undergoing thermoforming process. The factors that affect a thermoformed product are the stretch level and thickness reductions of the substrate. This paper aims to study the effect of the variation in dimensions of the thermoformed product without the printed stretchable circuit on the substrate. Finite element methods (FEM) analysis is also carried out in order to visualize the behavior of the substrate in terms of area stretch ratios (ASR) and thickness reductions of different wall surfaces after deformation according to the geometry of the mold. The ASR and thickness values obtained by experiment and simulation are compared. As a result, the simulated values are bit higher than the experimental ones but they are acceptable, therefore, the behavior of thermoforming product like large stretch areas and less thickness, can be determined prior to the actual thermoforming process of the product with printed stretchable circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The propagation of the Gaussian laser beam through the atmosphere is one of the most important features for military, scientific, industry and medical applications. this paper presents a theoretical study to simulate the effect of turbulence attenuation on propagation of laser beam and calculation of lossy power and divergence beam. A simulation of laser production within the X-ray region showed that the wavelength (0.0985 nm) used in the research could be obtained using the energy of the electron beam of (320 PJ). There are three important parameters in calculating the wavelength in the free electron laser (undulator period, relativistic factor, undulator parameter), and they appear through simulations when the laser power depends greatly on the undulator length and we can dispense with the resonator and increasing the undulator length. The divergence beam was increased with altitude and equals (0.0195003m) in (H= 11km). From the attenuation calculations, the power absorbed (lost) is directly proportional to the radius of the laser beam and inversely proportional to the laser wavelength. From the attenuation calculations, the power absorbed (lost) is directly proportional to the radius of the final laser beam and inversely proportional to the laser wavelength. As for the atmosphere turbulence, it is intense at sea level and decreases with altitude, the structure refractive index C n 2 in MSL equal 3.92 × 10 − 13 m 2 3 and indicates the severe of turbulence. Fried Parameter ro is directly proportional with altitude and (ro=0.7485 μm) in sea level and indicates to severe turbulence and decreases with altitude. Therefore, the attenuation operation and atmospheric turbulence are affected by temperature fluctuations and altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaussian beam propagation of the Free Electron Laser (FEL) through the atmosphere is a very important topic for many vital applications in the military, scientific, and medical fields, where laser beam spot size and final power are extremely important requirements in most laser applications. The propagation of a Gaussian laser beam in the atmosphere is subject to attenuation processes that affect the laser beam. From the results, simulations of the free electron laser system showed that an X-ray laser with a wavelength of 0.50418 nm can be produced with an energy beam of 200 PJ. The M2 quality factor will increase with the propagation distance, determining the final laser spot size. As a result of the attenuation processes, there is a slight loss in the final energy of the laser as well as divergence in the laser beam that reaches the target. The amount of attenuation is highly dependent on the density of the atmosphere and the size of the laser spot. When the laser beam propagates in the near-field (less than 20 m) or mid-field (20–100 m) horizontally and vertically at sea level, the values of the attenuation coefficient when propagating in the horizontal direction are greater compared to the propagation in the vertical direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green procurement is a tool to integrate green practices into a procurement practice. Green procurement has been highlighted in the Twelfth Malaysian Plan (2021-2025) released in 2021 and made known to all construction stakeholders. However, the current green procurement model is criticized due to a lack of persuasion to improve people capacity building among the stakeholders. While the studies related to green procurement in construction are gathering pace, the focus on constructing stakeholder capability towards implementing green procurement remains elusive. Also, studies in developing countries such as Malaysia are very limited. Thus, an integrative literature review was conducted to identify the capability criteria that influence the capability building of the construction industry's stakeholders. The synthesis and analysis based on the qualitative findings of the literature has revealed 7 elements of capability related to human or people (refers to construction stakeholders) that comprises of training, professional development, innovation, commitment, leadership, collaboration, and green knowledge. The findings able to help in supporting the National Sustainable Development and Production Plan by providing the pathway for green procurement capability module development. The capability criteria also help to drive the early pathway to the policymakers, clients and the construction community to enhance the capability to adopt green procurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel nonlinear conjugate gradient approach that was designed to address unconstrained optimization problems is presented. The new parameter of the conjugate gradient algorithm was produced by employing the Dai and Liao condition. Under certain presumptions, we provide proof that the proposed technique has the features of global convergence and descent. Through the use of numerical examples, we demonstrated that the newly created algorithm is superior than the approaches proposed by Hestenes-Stiefel (HS,1952) and Dai-Yuan (DY, 1999) when it comes to the successful resolution of issues involving unconstrained optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finally, the World Health Organization stated that the Corona virus is a pandemic. As the news was recently reported of cases of escape of suspected or confirmed patients from health isolation halls in various countries of the world, which leads to the spread of the epidemic more and thus lack of control over it. Therefore, a smart system is developed for early detection of escape attempts for Covid-19 patients. The system includes many hardware components: Adriano microcontroller, Passive infrared (PIR) sensor, two switch buttons, Global system for mobile communication (GSM), buzzer, LCD. The system sends the shortest message service (SMS) when there is any attempt to escape the curse. Also, a buzzer is used to listen to and display the sensor state on the LCD. The system can recognize doctors, patients, and cleaning workers by plugging in the switching button. During the development process, the proposed system adopts the object-oriented software engineering (OOSE) approach with a unified modelling language (UML). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoacoustic radiofrequency (PA-RF) signals were released from aggregated and non-aggregated red blood cells of fresh human blood samples by exposing the RBCs suspension to the pulsed laser and analyzing the power spectrum signals acquisition. Thus the goal of this study is to design and develop a photoacoustic system to detect RBCs aggregation by suspending the RBCs with different concentrations of dextran solution in isotonic phosphate-buffered saline (1% Dextran/PBS,3% Dextran/PBS, and 8% Dextran/PBS) (weight/volume of sample) to get various degrees of aggregation at (0%,10%,20%, and 40%) hematocrit then exposed to Nd:YAG laser 1064nm. The results showed that the power spectrum related to the size of the observer gradually increased as the level of aggregation increased; the minimum and maximum power spectrum values (1.1 and 22 dB) at a variant of hematocrit levels for RBCs suspensions, as well as their viscosity, increased positively with hematocrit. Moreover, high-level pulsed laser irradiation of the sample reduced its viscosity, aggregability, and the comparison between the viscosity after and before irradiation can be useful for detecting and evaluating the RBCs aggregation level. These measurements indicated that the power spectrum and viscosity analysis is a benefit for evaluating RBCs clustering and can be presumably developed for medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]