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The low-lying even-parity states of the nucleon are explored in lattice QCD using the PACS-CS collaboration 2+1-flavor dynamical-QCD gauge-field configurations. The established correlation-matrix approach is used, in which various fermion source and sink smearings are utilized to provide an effective basis of interpolating fields to span the space of low-lying energy eigenstates. Of particular interest is the nature of the first excited state of the nucleon, the N12+ Roper resonance of P11 pion-nucleon scattering. The Roper state of the present analysis approaches the physical mass, displaying significant chiral curvature at the lightest quark mass. These full QCD results, providing the world's first insight into the nucleon mass spectrum in the light-quark regime, are significantly different from those of quenched QCD and provide interesting insights into the dynamics of QCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wave function of the d-quark in the ground state of the proton, and how it is affected in the presence of a uniform background magnetic field is calculated in lattice QCD. We focus on the wave functions in the Landau and Coulomb gauges. When the quarks are annihilated at different lattice sites, we observe the formation of a scalar u-d diquark pair within the proton in the Landau gauge, which is not present in the Coulomb gauge. The overall distortion of the wave function under a very large magnetic field, as demanded by the quantisation conditions on the field, is quite small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lowest-lying negative-parity state of the Lambda is investigated in (2+1)-flavour full-QCD on the PACS-CS configurations made available through the ILDG. We show that a variational analysis using multiple source and sink smearings can extract a state lying lower than that obtained by using a standard fixed smeared source and sink operator alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]