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Plastic pollution has become a significant environmental challenge, adversely affecting wildlife, ecosystems, and human populations. The global generation of discarded plastic is alarmingly high, with only a small percentage being recycled. The majority of waste plastic (WP) is either incinerated or ends up in landfills, posing environmental and health risks. In order to address this issue, there is a critical need to improve waste management systems and promote recycling initiatives on a global scale. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of utilizing plastic waste as an environmentally friendly material in the manufacturing of paving blocks. Through the incorporation of WP in the manufacturing process of paving blocks, it is possible to reduce the environmental damage of WP accumulation while providing a sustainable alternative to traditional construction materials. The research findings demonstrate that the incorporation of WP in building materials can enhance their thermal insulation capabilities and energy efficiency. Numerous research studies have investigated the application of WP in the creation of bricks, concrete blocks, interlocking bricks, and roof tiles. These materials exhibited improved strength, low water absorption rates, and enhanced resistance to acid and water soaking compared to conventional fired clay bricks. The optimal percentage of plastic content varied depending on the specific application, but generally, increasing the plastic content improved the properties of the materials up to a certain threshold. The research indicates that utilizing WP in the manufacturing of paving blocks and other materials used in construction sector has the capability to contribute to sustainable waste management practices. By diverting WP from landfills and incorporating it into durable and efficient materials, reducing the impacts on environment of plastic pollution while promoting sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton is one of the important cash crops in India grown on more than 9 million hectors. Like other crops this also suffers from diseases but the effect on the yield affects many livelihoods. Thus, it is necessary to detect the disease in early phase so that cure can be taken. This paper proposes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for detecting diseases in cotton plants. The model implements in proposed work utilize transfer learning technique, leveraging pre-trained model that have been trained on extensive datasets. Specifically, the Resnet152v2 model serves as foundational architecture for the model, enabling accurate classification of distinct objects. In addition to Resnet152V2 base, the proposed work incorporates two supplementary dense neural network layers. These additional layers enhance the model capacity to learn complex pattern and improve its classification capabilities. With integration of transfer learning and inclusion of supplementary dense network layer, the model demonstrates its ability to effectively classify objects. In addition to Resnet152a 98.36% accuracy in distinguishing between healthy and diseased cotton plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beam often receives transverse loading on horizontal members because of the nature of the loading. The beam consequently experiences axial forces in addition to shear, bending, and torsion. A torque phenomenon happens when eccentric stress is applied to a beam beyond of the bending plane. Due to the inherent characteristics of the torsion moment, which produces a shear-flow stress system in a beam, torque is well resisted by closed loops of reinforcement. Therefore, strengthening in an approach that completely encloses the cross section will be more beneficial. Investigation of 18 rectangular beams composed of plain and RCC that were tested for torsion is part of the experimental work. The first six beams act as control beams and were absent from a welded wire mesh encasing. The remaining twelve beams were made of concrete with encased welded wire mesh wrapping. There are test specimens of continuous fully wrapped welded wire mesh as well as four sides wrapped strips of welded wire mesh included in. The behaviour of the tested beams were examined with proposed model based on the formulas available in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to develop a Deep learning-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for detecting tomato plant diseases. Transfer learning involves training the model on a modest dataset by utilizing characteristics from extensive collections of high-resolution images, all while preserving its capacity to generalize effectively. The model builds upon the Inceptionv3 model and incorporates two dense neural network layers to accurately distinguish between the target object and other objects. The accuracy achieved in classifying the presence of tomato plant diseases is 94.06%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delay of Emergency vehicles due to the current Traffic Management system is one of the most important issues which need to be resolved as soon as possible. There have been several occasions where ambulances have been stuck in heavy traffic; in most cases, the obstruction of the ambulance's approach was to blame. In this paper, a novel system will automatically detect an emergency vehicle or ambulance with the help of GPS location and provides a route clearance at all possible intersections or traffic lights whenever required. Before the path is cleared, the automobiles in the Emergency vehicles path will be alerted of the emergency vehicle incoming beforehand. The position of the emergency vehicle will also be traced throughout the route so that if the Vehicle gets stuck in traffic, hence able to provide the necessary help. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the improvement of heat transfer rate and flow characteristics of fluid in the Solar Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) receiver tube for different geometrical consideration. Numerical analysis using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was performed receiver tubes with circular, square, and elliptical geometrical shapes, with and without twisted tape insert. for receiver tubes with circular, square, and elliptical geometrical shapes, either with or without twisted tape inserts. The results of CFD numerical analysis were validated with the experimental results. The comparison graphs for friction factor, Nusselt number as well as thermal performance are plotted with respect to Reynolds number. Results shows that, the change in the geometrical shape of the receiver tube and tube with insets affects the internal and external convection heat transfer coefficients and rate of heat transfer. It was suggested that to use twisted tape inserts in the receiver tube for better heat transfer rate in Solar PTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of distributed generation on power distribution system is need to be studied. Distributed generation (DG) affects on fault current, fault MVA, fault voltage, bus current, bus voltage and relay current. Different types of faults occurs in power distribution system. Fault current, fault MVA are different for different types of fault. Most Commonly occurring fault is single line to ground fault and most dangerous fault is three phase fault. Due to penetration of DG, there is problem of relay Co-ordination in power system. Hybrid type of superconducting fault current limiters (HSFCL) are used to limit fault current so it can not damage other system equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compound 4-(4-BPAP) was prepared and characterized using several techniques, including UV and Infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy. It is also identified in a Nano form using X-ray diffraction and a scanning electron microscope analysis technique with an emission filed. The xrd technique showed the appearance of four clear peaks of the compound 4-(4-BPAP) with boundary angularities from (15.8-27.2). The crystalline size of the compound was calculated through the Debye-Scherr equation, as well as the average crystal size of the prepared nanocoposite. The FE-SEM technique exposed that the average crystal size ranging between (51.95-33.43)nm and in clusters. The mass of the 4-(4-BPAP) has a molecular weight at 274 m/z. It was used to study the biological activity against Klebsiellla Pneumonia Gram (-ve), Staphylococcus aureus Gram (+ve) and Aspergillum fungus where it showed a good inhibitory ability against selected types of positive and negative bacteria. Hence, the inhibition areas were measured using the millimeter ruler. The inhibition ability of the compound at the ALP enzyme was also studied using different concentration. 1*10^-4 mM gave the highest inhibitory percentage and was adopted for the next study. The Kinetics of inhibition was also studied to find out the type of inhibition using the equation the Line weaver-Burk plot of 1/Vmax against 1/[S]. The attendance of numerous concentrations of compound 4-(4-BPAP) was plotted, then the Km. value persisted the similar, though the value of inhibition is competitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge Engineering (KE) has a place with all specialized, logical and social viewpoints associated with building, keeping up and utilizing information based frameworks. Machine learning when joined with Data mining procedures assumes a promising job in the subject of forecast. Information accessibility is enormous in medical services, as is the requirement to extract data from it for improved forecasting, conclusion, therapyand medication innovation. The study concentrated on the location and prediction of Type – II Diabetes, which is considered one among the world's fastest growing degenerative illnesses, in accordance withWHO in 2014. Diabetes Type IIis among the several common diseases with long-term consequences and a large number of medical complications. Diabetes, if it is not treated and undetected, may result in a slew of issues. Early Diabetic detection is critical for timely treatment, which can prevent the disease from progressing to a more serious stage. The work consists of a way for identifying and predicting diabetic health conditions to be able deliver the prescribed drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newer ways of communicating operational instructions to machines and robots are frequently tested in the field of automation. Programming and then control of a robotic arm is difficult and time consuming process. The use of hand gestures for controlling robotic arm movements is an alternative that is quick and simple. The gesture control feasibility has been tested by using gyro accelerometer and smartphone. This project reviews the gesture recognition strategy and aims to understand and utilize the data output from MEMS accelerometer for the control of robot motion. Accelerometer sensor signal is fed to Ardiuno, which records the position dependent acceleration variation. The same signal will be processed to give input to servomotor and depending upon the hand movement it will get actuated. This type of robotic arm control through a servomotor can be used in industry applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphors are the best source and one of the types of light emitting materials that show the better signs of the proper occurrence of the emanation of luminescence; it emanates the light whilst exposed properly and finely to some sort of the radiant energy. The Eu2+ activated barium hexafluorosilicate phosphors were properly prepared using the standard low temperature solution combustion methodology using the urea as an appropriate fuel. The as grown phosphor is better identified for the component of elements present by the customised peaks present in the powder XRD pattern, the filter utility of the entitled phosphor is analyzed for the best comparable 3 variations such as pelletized macro, thin film and nano sample of BaSiF6:Eu2+ and is the scope and representation for filter domain and in the microelectronics sectors, the tribological-mechanical work for industries. BaSiF6:Eu2+ sample is used for the opto-electronics field in electronic sectors and in tribological industries for mechanical domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cast iron is the highly useful material due to its excellent mechanical and wear properties. Temperature is a variable which depends on friction between the material components. Grey cast iron, ductile cast iron, compact graphite iron are the important materials in various automotive applications. Mainly CGI is useful material in automobile sectors. In automobiles it is used in making of engine blocks, brake drums and exhaust manifolds etc. Brake drums are experienced with high temperatures. In the present review studies grey cast iron, ductile iron and compact graphite iron is considered for wear studies. In comparison compact graphite iron has the mechanical and thermal properties in between grey and ductile iron. The cast iron specimens are undergone for wear test by pin on disc test rig. Wear rate and frictional behavior are affected by microstructure and distribution of carbon particles and pearlite and ferrite phase. Wear tests are conducted at various temperatures. Worn surfaces are analysed by scanning electron microscopy and EDAX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combined X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), magnetization measurement and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) study on Sb-Th oxide solid solution Th0.9Sb0.1O2-δ. is presented. The XRD measurements suggest the formation of single phase solid solution. From the magnetic measurements a clear signature of ferromagnetic ordering below a temperature of 75 K can be observed. The EPR study concludes that the paramagnetic oxygen vacancies are responsible for this ferromagnetic o ordering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a magnetic study on Bi doped ThO2. EPR study revealed a clear signature of oxygen vacancies as a result of doping Bi. Interestingly, we also observe clear indication of a ferromagnetic behavior in the Bi doped ThO2. FC and ZFC measurements clearly indicate the ferromagnetic ordering at low temperature. The magnetism presumably originates from the oxygen vacancies created by doping lower valent cations into ThO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the speciation of uranium in lanthanum zirconate (La2Zr2O7 =LZO) pyrochlore ceramic prepared via a gel-combustion route. Uranium concentration in the pyrochlore was optimized to 2 mol%. XRD and SEM experiments were carried out to assess the phase and homogeneity of the prepared samples. Time resolved photoluminescence (TRPLS) investigations were carried out for understanding the species stabilized in the pyrochlore host. It was observed that, uranium exists as uranate ion (UO66-) in the zirconate host where it replaces the 'Zr' ions at its regular site with surrounding defect centers created for charge compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]