Search

This paper presents a full elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model for the solution of involute spur gear meshing cycles using a line contact transient approach. The resulting mathematical model utilises a simultaneous solution of the Reynolds equation and the elastic film equation, both of which are highly nonlinear due to their dual dependencies on pressure and film thickness. The contact between the teeth of the spur gears was represented by a set of time varying contact parameters. These included the radius of relative curvature, the relevant surface velocities, and the load variation over the meshing cycle. The model was solved numerically based on the central finite difference method under relaxation, and different operating conditions were examined to determine their effects on both pressure distribution and film thickness, though a difference of less than 5% was observed. The results were verified against available literature, and very good agreement was obtained, suggesting that this comprehensive transient solution represents a significant model for the assessment of the behaviour of the contact problem in heavily loaded spur gears. The results also showed that the time varying parameters have a significant influence on the pressure distribution and film thickness, particularly at the change points of the load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Banach-Steinhaus theorem is one of the basic principles of Functional Analysis. We prove a weakly additive, order-preserving version of the Banach-Steinhaus theorem on spaces with order unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things is a system of interconnection of devices ("things") for data collection, as well as smart decision-making. The flow of information from these built-in sensors, software and other technologies circulates over the Internet. Most IoT platforms have two main features: publishing and subscribing. This IoT data transmission model requires a connection between devices and servers. The model requires a central broker, a program module and a working server to collect and arrange messages according to the topics. This is where the IoT vulnerability is, as there are no internal security measures to protect both data and access to terminal equipment. The security provided by blockchain technology can solve the main security flaws of IoT. Blockchain capabilities such as immutability, transparency, data encryption, operational resilience to almost all widely used hacking attacks could solve these IoT architectural vulnerabilities. The article will look at an overview functional analysis of existing IoT messaging models, parallel to the main types of hacking attacks. The structural analysis of the blockchain consensus used will highlight the technology's ability to address IoT's architectural shortcomings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze image quality metrics and improve quality of the image for novel image recognition using data wavelet transformation algorithm and comparing over discrete cosine transformation algorithm. To modify data and produce image quality measurements, the data wavelet transformation algorithm employs numerical and functional analysis. Tensorflow and Keras are two Python libraries that were used to complete the implementation. The methods tested over 90 sets of different photographs, converting them to grayscale and delivering compressed images that can be used for test and train dataset images, respectively, for image quality improvement. The data set and test cases were successfully analyzed, and the Data wavelet transformation method (DWT) achieved 91 percent accuracy when compared to the discrete cosine transformation technique (DCT), which achieved 72 percent accuracy. The obtained data demonstrates the reliability in independent sample t tests with the level of s ignificance (p0.05). The Discrete cosine transformation technique performs much better in the entire process of predicting accuracy for picture quality measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A miniaturized device is desirable in modern portable wireless communication systems nowadays. The Moore fractal geometry could compact the effective dimension within the same line length by iteration technique. Conventional planar microstrip filter can be compacted by Moore fractal curve with certain iteration and maintain the acceptable behavior. In this work, the 2nd iterated Moore curves bandpass filter is designed to operate at the center frequency, in fcentre = 2.45 GHz on RT/duroid®5880 substrate. An initial stage is to investigate the Moore resonator's performance to determine its suitability to design Moore bandpass filter consequently. The filter exhibited symmetrical response in both rejection bands, thus suggested a good selectivity with good rejection characteristics. In terms of miniaturization, the Moore filter successfully compacted the conventional parallel-coupled line filter with about 90% of effective geometry while exhibited better electrical performance. The fabricated Moore filter validates a good agreement with the simulated result. At the end of our works, the possible improvement had been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technology of Aspects-J methodology is made for categorizes various system concerns basically in a system with multiple aspect-J Techniques. In the software model process, Aspects-J is a type of system concern & types of concerns are differentiating into number s-modules. Concerns that are considered as different aspects view for model analysis End-user Nonfunctional & functional requirements analysis of modeling with this approach user know the model system is non-consistent or consistent & model system interaction. With the class diagram and class design, we can understand end user requirement. S/W Requirement process in requirement model problem is consisting of a class diagram. UML diagram contains methods, classes, attributes, use-cases, activities, point-cut; join-points & methods are for finding concern. Tools like AGG tool used for making LHS and RHS rules and analysis of the condition of LHS rules and RHS rules for the process of transformation rules with AGG tools, after transformation process the process of generating dependencies matrix & conflicts matrix for making rules, that rules given as input for Activity graph grammar tool. Activity graph grammar rules reflect the pre-transformations and post-transformations of rules after analysis cross-combination conflict matrix with dependencies matrix, conflict matrix indicate conflict in point-cut and join-point in rules, dependencies matrix indicate dependencies in between grammar rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose is the most abundant of natural macromolecules in nature, and it can be obtained from the wastepaper. Wastepaper is mainly produced by daily activities such as school and office. This research aims to isolate and characterize the cellulose from wastepaper through the stages of double bleaching/ delignification under stirring and heating. The functional group analysis, crystallinity, and thermal analysis were performed using FTIR, XRD and TGA. Cellulose has some main functional groups, they are –OH stretching, -CH alkane, H-O-H bending, -CH2 bending, -OH bending, -C-O-C asymmetry and β-glycosidic for each wavenumber at 3403, 2902, 1639, 1431, 1373, 1060 and 897 cm−1. Cellulose of wastepaper has a degree of C.I. of 71%, while the onset temperature (Tonset) observed at 292.15 °C. Based on the results, cellulose of wastepaper was successfully isolated through the simple stages proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn cobs contain 38.8% cellulose which can be used as a source of cellulose from natural ingredients. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of cellulose : acetic anhydride on the characteristics of cellulose acetate and to determine the characteristics of the cellulose acetate membrane. The results obtained indicate that the synthesis of cellulose acetate produces types of cellulose diacetate and triacetate. Cellulose acetate that can be used as a membrane material is produced from a ratio of 1:5 with an acetyl content of 43.32% and a degree of substitution of 2.8. The product is soluble in acetone. Synthetic cellulose acetate membranes are more brittle than commercial cellulose acetate membranes. The synthetic cellulose acetate membrane produced a density value of 0.671 g/cm3 and a swelling degree of 316%. the functional group analysis by FTIR showed that both of synthetic and commercial cellulose acetate have the same peaks of functional groups [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of built-up urban areas is implemented within the boundaries of the planning structure element, as well as adjacent elements, and is important, affecting the interests of a significant part of the country's population. The implementation of targets for national projects and programs, as an instrument of socio-economic development, directly depends on the effective development of built-up areas. The achievement of the effective development of built-up areas assumes the design of a concept for territory and development reengineering, including methods for effective and high-quality management of changes of the same name. The subject of the research is a set of measures, forming structure of construction reengineering, that ensure the qualitative transformation of engineering (technical) solutions. The object of the research is the process of qualitative transformation of technological (technical) solutions and business processes (management decisions). The actual direction in the transformation of territories and development is noted to be carried out by implementing measures within the framework of the reengineering of technological processes (technical solutions), including the stages of reconstruction, renovation, technical re-equipment, reprofiling and reclamation. The factors influencing the reengineering of management decisions are given. The attributes of the composition and properties of the territory and development reengineering, which are typical for practical implementation, are presented. The research method are structural and functional analysis. The existing fundamental differences in the nature of regulatory impacts in the traditional form of restoration (modernization) and in the framework of territory and development reengineering are described. An integrated approach to the impact in the territory and development reengineering is stated to be expressed in the nature of the relationship "territory development - capital construction object - technical solution", as well as the volume and intensity of impacts. The practical application of the concept of territory and development reengineering is expressed by the implementation of measures and procedures within the framework of functional components. It is stated, that increasing the efficiency of the concept implementation involves the creation of the elements of organizing the management of programs and projects of territory and development reengineering on the basis of mathematical and informational models. These elements will ensure a reduction in the duration and cost of reengineering, achievement of a given level of quality of construction products, formation of a comfortable and safe living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to perform functional group analysis on PVA/Alginate/Red Binahong fiber. Fabrication of PVA/Alginate/Red Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) using an electrospinning method by adding a mixture of PVA/Alginate with a ratio of 80:20 with a volume variation of red binahong leaf extract 2.5 mL, 3, 75 mL, and 5 mL in each PVA/Alginate mixture. The internal electrospinning parameters used are 25 kV voltage, 10 cm nozzle-to-collector distance, an hour synthesis time, flowrate 140 rpm. The functions of O-H stretching and bending, C-H stretching and bending, C-O stretching, and C=O group were found in PVA/Alginate fiber and PVA/Alginate/Red Binahong fiber, however, the C=C functional group in fibers with added of red binahong extract indicates of flavonoid compounds which contained in it. The volume variation in the red binahong extract did not affect the functional group. These variations in volume affect the amount of transmittance in each functional group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quadratic stochastic operator (QSO) was initiated by Bernstein in the early 20th century as the mathematical investigation on population genetics, involving the synthesis of Mendelian law of crossing and Galtonian law of regression. Since then, the study of QSO has been significantly developed for decades to describe dynamical systems in many areas. In this paper, we construct a Poisson quadratic stochastic operator generated by a 2-measurable partition with three different parameters defined on countable state space X={0, 1, 2, ...}. The main objective of this research is to study the trajectory behaviour of such operators by reducing the dynamical systems into a one-dimensional setting corresponding to the number of measurable partitions. Some cases of 2-measurable partition generated by singleton and two points with three different defined parameters will be presented. To investigate their trajectory behaviour, we may apply the functional analysis within the measure and probability theory. We shall provide both computational and analytical results, which show that the Poisson QSO generated by a 2-measurable partition with three different parameters, i.e., λl≠λ2≠λ3 is either a regular or nonregular transformation for some parameters λi∈(0, ∞) for i=1,2,3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In previous works, we proposed numerical algorithms and developed appropriate software tools for studying the functional and emotional states of a person in terrestrial conditions based on multiparametric analysis of time signals recorded by control and measuring equipment. In this paper, we evaluate the possibilities of the proposed approaches in studying the influence of outer space on human behavior and state by further developing the available numerical algorithms and software. We discuss the development of a software-analytical complex adaptable to monitoring and analyzing functional and emotional states, identifying extreme human conditions during pre-flight preparation and space flight. The structure of the software package will include a module for collecting and for a database of experimental data, a numerical module for performing calculations based on the author's theoretical approaches, an analytical module for diagnosing human conditions, a knowledge base for accumulating the obtained results and conclusions, a module for exchanging information "human-automated complex". We note that close integration of the achievements of terrestrial and modern space medicine will allow not only to ensure the effective development of means and methods for maintaining the health and working capacity of spaceships' andstations' crews but also to make significant progress in the medical and biological support of athletes (sports medicine), palliative care for patients (supportive medicine), conducting remote medical diagnostics (telemedicine). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the geographical factor, Malaysia is divided into two parts which are the Peninsular Malaysia and West Borneo. Frequently, the highest number of rainfalls occur per year in Peninsular Malaysia is between November and December, while in the West Borneo is between December and February. Due to this situation, some regions in Malaysia receive heavy rainfalls and floods every year. This study aims to explore the characteristics of an extreme rainfalls data in Malaysia by using a new functional data analysis method and to observe the performance of three types of extreme data as a result of the new functional data analysis method. Functional data analysis is one of the techniques to transform a discrete or continuous data into a function. The monthly maxima and r-largest data approaches of extreme value theory were used in selecting the extreme data. This study used a data of 30 years period (1987-2016) collected from five stations of five different states in peninsular Malaysia. Functional descriptive statistics was performed to explore the behaviors and characteristics of the extreme rainfall data. Hence, this finding concludes that most of the stations recorded the extreme rainfalls amount in the early and end of each year. The latest extreme rainfalls amount was slightly increasing over the past years. Based on the functional extreme rainfall data, the extreme events such as very heavy and heavy rainfalls level can be identified specifically at particular rainfalls amount level and time by observing the pattern of each data. Therefore, functional data analysis is suggested as one of the techniques to summarize the data with additional pattern information instead of the classical method in conventional statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the complex interaction between air pollutants and the precursors helps to increase understanding of the emission sources. This study highlights the advantage of Functional Data Analysis (FDA) in the application for Ozone (O3) air pollutants and its association with several precursors; Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon Oxide (CO) and meteorological variables; temperature and humidity for revealing new insights and theory. The data from the year 2009 until 2017 of two industrial sites; Petaling Jaya and Perai located in Peninsular Malaysia were obtained for the study analysis. FDA enables the identification of the average diurnal O3 pattern using functional median, the diurnal variability pattern using functional standard deviation and the temporal interaction pattern between O3 with the precursors and meteorological variables using functional correlation. The results have shown that, the average diurnal O3 and temperature pattern are similar at both sites with a single peak at 3.00 pm. Meanwhile, the pattern was dissimilar for CO, NO2 and humidity with multiple peaks. Indicated by the functional standard deviation, all variables particularly CO and NO2 level is higher and more volatile in Petaling Jaya than Perai. Functional correlation between O3 and the precursors suggests the Ozonation process is divided into four important phases; the pra-process, photochemical generation process, destruction process and post-process within 24 hours day period at both sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The given document is a preface to the International Scientific and Practical Conference on Actual Problems of Mathematical Modeling and Information Technology (APMMIT-2023). The conference, held in Nukus, Uzbekistan, was dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the birth of Professor Uteuliyev Nietbay Uteulievich, a leading scientist in the field of mathematical modeling and stochastic optimization. The main purpose of the conference was to discuss scientific achievements in mathematics, applied mathematics, and information technologies, as well as to establish scientific ties between scientists from different countries and attract talented youth to scientific work. The conference was attended by mathematicians, engineers, professors, researchers, and students from Uzbekistan and other countries, and over 250 lectures were received, with 91 selected for publication. The organizers hope that the conference results will contribute to further research and the creation of new textbooks in applied mathematics. [Extracted from the article]

The main goal is to study nonlinear operators and find majorization for operators. Especially, Volterra operators are very important for us. This article has given a three-dimensional matrix and some properties nonlinear operators. Nonlinear operators from matrices are used, and trajectories are founded. The theory of boundary properties made considerable advances in the 20th century, owing to the work of several scientists; it resumed its rapid advance in the second half of that century, accompanied by the appearance of new ideas and methods, novel directions, and objects of study. This class also studied Lyubich. He found some results, but bistochastic operators have not opened yet. This all works related to quadratic stochastic operators. Three-dimensional matrices Pijk for us to study theories and research of some problems are very important. We use them to study quadratic stochastic operators and relate them to majorization. The main connection between them is as follows: V (x) ≺ x where V(x) operator called Volterra operator. The operator is written as follows: (V x) = ∑ i = 1 m P i j , k x i x j This article gave some properties for majorization and showed some connection with nonlinear operators. The article also gave some examples for nonlinear operators. The main goal is to find an operator and a corresponding matrix that satisfies the definition of majorization. This paper used the theory of majorization and some classes. This article's main result is, constructs nonlinear operators. It is also shown that the operators are bistochastic. The initial points are given from the simplex, and the result shows whether the operator belongs to the simplex or not. The theory of boundary properties made considerable advances in the 20th century, owing to the work of several scientists; it resumed its rapid advance in the second half of that century, accompanied by the appearance of new ideas and methods, novel directions, and objects of study. Its development is closely connected with various fields of mathematical analysis and mathematics in general, first and foremost with probability theory, the theory of real functional analysis, the theory of majorization, and Volterra operators. On the other hand, one of the main purposes of this article is to connect with the Volterra operators. The theory of boundary properties of majorization, which grew out of the works of the Moscow Mathematical School (G.G.Hardy, D.E.Littlewood), was developed in the further works of E. Beccenbach and R.Belman as well as in the works of and other Russian scientists. We will extend this class by constructing a nonlinear operators class for the Volterra operators. Not everything goes exactly without an analog. In such cases, calculations are carried out in other ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solvability and uniqueness of the semi linear bounded perturbed operator equation in some real Hilbert spaces are developed. The linear unperturbed part generates a strongly continuous semigroup with the uniformly monotone property. The nonlinear part satisfies the D-Lipschitz property in suitable real Hilbert space. The perturbation is assumed a bounded linear operator in suitable real Hilbert space. The obtained results are based on semigroup theory and the functional analysis approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease 2019, also known as Covid-19, is caused by a novel coronavirus called the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. The Covid-19 disease has become a severe threat to all countries globally, and the World Health Organization has labeled it a global pandemic. This study employs a modern statistical method known as functional data analysis, to examine the pattern of Covid-19 incidents in Malaysia. Smoothing functional data, which includes the summary of functional data, functional principal component, and functional outliers, are used to investigate the disease's characteristics. The functional principal component will capture the variation of the smoothing curves while their scores are utilised to cluster the Covid-19 cases. In addition, the functional graphical methods consist of rainbow plot, functional bagplot, and functional high density region are then used to identify outliers that were not visible in the original data plot. Functional data analysis provides more comprehensive methods than conventional statistical methods in identifying the pattern of Covid-19 incidence particularly in considering their temporal dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, the world has witnessed substantial growth in the field of IoT. Implementation of the wireless protocol in IoT applications plays a vital role in the automation of Industry, Home, specific appliance, and Equipment. The most common wireless technologies widely used in IoT are Cellular, Bluetooth, BLE, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, RFID, and LPWAN. As IoT is a multifaceted domain, the Implementation of uniform and standard wireless technology is uncertain. In recent years compared to other communication technologies, IoT devices based on Long Range (LoRa) and Lora WAN have gained demand due to their low cost, extensive coverage, and low power consumption. This paper provides a systematic analysis to intensively examine and evaluate current research on LoRa use in the IoT. We found about 56 studies published in recent years. This study shows the latest developments in LoRa's Analysis and functional implementations. Finally, this analysis will provide suggestions for researchers on how to completely leverage the benefits of LoRa-based technology in designing IoT frameworks and explication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a successful transition to the digital economy, along with other tasks, it is necessary to form a digital twin of the national fund of standards - an electronic library of standards. Such a library should constantly provide relevant information, taking into account all possible changes in the reference tree of the standard, as well as the possibility of developing and transforming the form and content of the standard itself. On the basis of the ideas of German scientists who developed the ways of development of Industry 4.0, the possibility of informatization and the coherence of the information available in the standards fund was considered. In the process of research, the main functions of the electronic library of standards were determined and a set of tasks that must be solved when creating an electronic library of standards was formed. Based on the carried out functional analysis, a correspondence between the library controls and compliance components was established, the points of conformity assessment in different processes of the electronic standards library functioning were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a modularity analysis for the design of complex products, based on domain theory, applied to the case study of the design of an electro-solar vessel to be implemented in South American rivers. The proposed approach allows obtaining graphical information from the functional analysis tools, about the interaction between functional modules or organs of the system in terms of material, energy, or information flows; useful to analyze the functional architecture, the types of modularity and the interactions in the system. This information is complemented with the approach to the physical architecture of the system identifying interferences and restrictions. This information is intended to be useful in the development of methods or methodologies for the definition of the assembly sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication skills are one of the skills that students must possess in the 21st century. Not to mention Intellectual Disability students, some of whom have difficulty communicating. One of the learning methods that can stimulate students to communicate actively is the Montessori method. This research is qualitative research with the research design is Phenomenology. This research aims to identify the mathematical communication skills of Intellectual Disability students in learning the material "division" using the Montessori method. The subjects in this study were 5 SLB Tunagrahita Class X students consisting of 3 boys and two girls. One indicator of mathematical communication skills that this research focuses on is expressing mathematical ideas orally or writing. The results showed that by learning mathematics in the distribution of materials using the Montessori method, Intellectual Disability students could communicate mathematical concepts. They were more enthusiastic in learning and more confident in communicating both verbal and non-verbal communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt oxide synthesis with difference stirring time is rarely highlighted because it is considered to have little effect when, in fact, the stirring time influences the final product. Cobalt oxide has multiple applications since almost all modern technologies that use nanotechnology use cobalt oxide with an easy example is the manufacture of the electrodes in supercapacitors. Cobalt oxide in this study was synthesised using the sol-gel auto combustion method with stirring time variations of 15 minutes, 75 minutes, and 135 minutes. The analysis of phase identification and crystal size used XRD. The morphological analysis used SEM, analysis of functional group bonds used FTIR, and three secondary data were used as amplifiers to determine the specific capacitance value. The smallest crystal size of cobalt oxide in this study was 21.2872 nm at a stirring time of 15 minutes with the final sample having a single phase. The synthesised samples' morphology using the sol-gel auto combustion method appeared to have low agglomeration and porosity levels. Based on the FTIR testing, there was a double absorption peak in the fingerprint region, namely 569–671 cm−1. Based on the three secondary data observed, cobalt oxide's specific capacitance values ranged between 235 F/g, 391.4 F/g, and 430.6 F/g. From this statement, comparing each factor, and the obtained results from other studies, it showed that the synthesised cobalt oxide in this study had the feasibility and potential to be applied in the manufacture of the electrodes of a supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precast element is often chosen as a substitute for cast in place system and needs a lightweight element. This paper presents an experimental investigation of lightweight precast concrete slab (LPCS). The proposed LPCS here was a ribbed slab with the lightweight bricks plug in the space between the ribs. An experiment was carried out with two types of slab support and two types of beam reinforcements. The objective of this paper is to quantify and compare the load- deflection curve, maximum loads, and tensile reinforcement strain of the LPCS under vertical load at the middle span according to different LPCS support and different beam reinforcement. The LPCS dimensions were 1400 mm × 2100 mm × 100 mm and 700 mm centre to centre of ribs space. The ribs width was 70 mm with 6 mm steel stirrups diameter. Two types of tensile rib reinforcement diameter were 10 mm steel and 10 mm steel plus 8 mm bamboo in addition. The LPCS supports were edges or corner supported and line supported. The 8 mm bamboo reinforcement were used in compression zone in upper plate. It was found that the edges supported LPCS was less stiff than the line supported LPCS. It was also found that there is no significant improvement of the load carrying capacity due to the addition of bamboo tensile reinforcement because some slips of bamboo tensile reinforcement. Some slips on the bamboo reinforcements along with the large plastic tensile deformation of the steel reinforcements. The novelty of the study is simple mould for grid slab, and lightweight of slab density. The average slabs density was 1700 kg/m3, compare to normal slabs density 2000 kg/m3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers an approach to improve the supporting processes in the quality management system of an enterprise based on the modification of methodology tools of functional cost analysis and the qualimetric justification of the critical indicators of the studied parameters of the process functions. The tools and technologies of structuring, correcting and improving the supporting processes, as well as the problems associated with their practical application are analyzed. A procedure for improving the supporting process is proposed based on the analysis of the ratio of importance and complexity of implementing the functions, which allows the owner of the process to receive the information about the state of the process quickly. The perspective of the proposed procedure for improving the company's quality management system supporting processes aimed at improving their quality is proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The canonical molecular orbitals (CMO) calculation provides useful knowledge such as molecular orbitals, energy level, charge density and so on. As one of the properties obtained from the CMO calculation of protein results, the interaction energy analysis between amino acid residues and/or substrates is useful as molecular design and functional analysis. The energy decomposition analysis approaches are the well-known calculation methods for interaction energy analysis, however, the electronic structure calculation of large molecule is very expensive and hard to achieve. Therefore, we have implemented the interaction analysis method by using the energy density analysis (EDA) method. The calculation for the EDA method is as simple as the Mulliken population method but requires matrix elements for energy calculation. By adopting the grid-free method for the exchange-correlation term, we could apply the EDA method in the DFT scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work the role of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in biology and pathology studies is emphasyzed. A overview on technical procedures is provided and their advantages or disadvantages, with particular attention to possible artifacts, are reported. The importance of the ultrastructural approach in cell and isolated organelle characterization, frequently correlated to functional and molecular analyses, is supported by specific images and by a cospicous number of references. Negative staining, a simple and rapid method, is also described and a number of examples from different types of viruses are illustrated. Cryo-EM is finally mentioned. It is illustrated by means of frozen ultrathin sections, compared to those from epon embedded conventional ones. Finally, freeze-fractured sample replicas are presented, both aimed at membrane detail highlighting and inner cell structure investigation. TEM, in its variety of applications, and in particular if integrated by molecular studies, is a very important tool in the study of life sciences and, in general for nanotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have investigated a carbon phase in corncobs. This paper reports on the characteristics of structures of a carbon phase in corncob powder without heating treatment and corncob powder with a heating temperature of 400 °C for 5 hours. The X-RD data analysis showed that the phase formed in the corncob powder sample was an amorphous structure indicating the formation of the Carbon Graphite 3R phase, which had a crystal system and a rhombohedral R-3m space group. Through the X-ray diffraction pattern, corncob powder heated at 400 °C for 5 hours also indicates the formation of the Carbon Graphite 3R phase, which has a crystal system and a rhombohedral R-3m space group. In addition, impurities are also found in materials that show the formation of the O2 phase, which has a crystal system and a Pm-3n cubic space group. EDX test results also documented the element of carbon with the highest carbon composition of 71.11%. The carbon phase formed after the carbonization process has an amorphous carbon structure. Through SEM observation, the morphology of corncob powder was observed in the form of sheet-like particle aggregation with an average size of 20 µm. Meanwhile, the corncob charcoal powder, which was heated at 400 °C for 5 hours, showed a smaller aggregation with an average grain size of 0.25 µm. The results of FTIR data analysis portrayed that there was a strain of C=C bond in corncob powder in the wavenumber position of 2517.1 cm-1, which represented the formation of benzene structure, which is a characteristic of carbon structure in graphite and graphene. However, this bonding strain did not appear in samples that were given a heating treatment up to 400 °C for 5 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of conducting polyaniline and its compounds was carried out by chemical oxidative polymerization method using ammonium persulfate as an oxidizing agent. During polymerization of aniline, 10wt%, 20wt%, 30wt% and 40wt% Strontium dinitrate Sr(NO3)2 was added to modify the properties of polyaniline. Prepared samples were characterized by FTIR (Thermo Fisher Model Nicolet iS5) spectroscopy for the analysis of functional groups present in the composites. The sharp peaks at 705 and 855.8 cm-1 are the characteristic peaks of Sr(NO3)2. XRD studies clearly show the change in structural properties with increase in the concentration of Strontium nitrate in composites. The electrical properties were characterized by Keithley 2450 source meter. Linear I-V graph shows ohmic contact and electrical current decreases with the increase in the concentration of the Sr(NO3)2. This result may be due to the creation of grains created by the Sr in the composites. These obtained results were discussed and presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(2E)-1-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-Bromo-4-Fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-One, A novel nonlinear optical single crystal has been grown and characterized using different characterization techniques. The Photoluminescence analysis carried out for the sample revealed the green emission property of the crystal. The computational investigation of the molecule was carried out through DFT method and the values of HOMO, LUMO and their energy gap was determined. The values of global chemical reactivity descriptors such as chemical hardness (η), global softness (σ), electrophilicity (ω), Ionization Potential (I), chemical potential (µ) has been calculated. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map which identifies the potential sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attack in the molecule was determined. The NLO parameters such as molecular polarizability (α), Dipole moment (µ) and First order hyperpolarizability (β) of the molecule was theoretically calculated using density functional theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubber products utilization often experienced hardening and elastic power reducing. The decrease in physical properties is caused by rubber degradation due to oxidation and ozone. Oxidation is accelerated by heat, ultraviolet light, and metals that catalyze the oxidation of rubber. This study aims to determine the ageing resistance and functional groups of natural rubber composites (NR) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) charcoal. OPEFB used charcoal with variations loads, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55 phr. The observation parameters were rubber vulcanization before and after aging (hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, and abrasion resistance) while functional group analysis was carried out by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy method. The aging test was conducted at 70° C for a storage period of 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The results of the study showed that the time of aging influences changes in the NR composite physical properties/OPEFB charcoal. The more time to obsolete caused increased hardness and tensile strength. On the other hand, elongation at break and the abrasion resistance decreases with a longer time of aging. The NR/OPEFB charcoal composite functional group was shown in the absorption band area of 3031.20 cm-1 with C-H bond, vibration C = C at 1594.45 cm-1 and C-S bond 698.37 cm-1. OPEFB charcoal can be used as a filler with shortterm using resistance, for rubber products that require medium tensile strength properties and can be used as alternative fillers to replace commercial fillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical implementation of the methods of analysis of the functional state of the biotechnological system is considered. It is shown that the indicator of habitat assessment can be the plants themselves, which reflect all the changes. Biotechnical feedback is a source for the Databases formation in the biotechnological system. The hypothesis was offered that the productivity of plants, which depends on three elements of the light environment (spectrum, intensity, time of exposure). A system for experimental studies on light stimulation of vegetable and green crops has been developed. The results of studies showing the influence of different light stimulation spectra are presented. Method of acoustic signals of seeds (method of acoustic emission in a liquid) was proposed to determine the functional activity of seeds. An experimental system was created to detect the generated acoustic waves at the initial stage of plant ontogenesis. Thus biotechnological systems for growing plants in an artificial microclimate should be built on the basis of biotechnical feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. In this study, using a lacunary sequence we introduce the concepts of lacunary d−statistically convergent sequences and lacunary d−statistically bounded sequences in general metric spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the definitions of lacunary strong A−convergence of order (α, β) with respect to a modulus and lacunary A−statistical convergence of order (α, β) are given. We study some connections between lacunary strong A−convergence of order (α, β) with respect to a modulus and lacunary A−statistical convergence of order (α, β). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the concept of deferred statistical convergence of order α is generalized to topological groups, and some inclusion relations between the set of all statistically convergent sequences of order α in topological groups and the set of all deferred statistically convergent sequences of order α in topological groups are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and investigate the concepts of deferred strong summability and deferred statistical convergence of real-valued functions which are measurable (in the Lebesgue sense) in the interval (1,∞). Some relations between deferred strong summability and deferred statistical convergence of real-valued functions which are measurable (in the Lebesgue sense) in the interval (1,∞) are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sequence (αk) of points in R, the set of real numbers, is called ρ-statistically convergent of order β to an element l of R if limn→∞1/ρβn(k≤n : αk-l≥ε)=0 for each ε > 0 and 0 < β ≤ 1where ρ=(ρn)is a non-decreasing sequence of positive real numbers tending to 1 such that lim supnρβnn<∞, Δρβn=O(1) and Δαn = αn+1 − αn for each positive integer n. A real-valued function defined on a subset of R is called ρ -statistically ward continuous if it preserves ρ -statistical quasi Cauchy sequences where a sequence (αk) is defined to bee ρ -statistically quasi-Cauchy if the sequence (Δαk) is ρ -statistically convergent to 0. We obtain results related to ρ - statistical ward continuity of order β, ρ -statistical ward compactness of order β, ward continuity, continuity, and uniform continuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of I−convergence of real sequences was introduced by Kostyrko et al. [Kostyrko, P., Šalát, T. and Wilczyński, W. I−convergence, Real Anal. Exchange 26(2) (2000/2001), 669-686] and also independently by Nuray and Ruckle [Nuray, F. and Ruckle, W. H. Generalized statistical convergence and convergence free spaces. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 245(2) (2000), 513–527]. In this paper we introduce I−deferred statistical convergence and strong I−deferred Cesàro convergence and investigate between their relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we introduce the concepts of Wijsman (f, I) −lacunary statistical convergence of order α and Wijsman strongly (f, I) −lacunary statistical convergence of order α, and investigated between their relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we introduce the concepts of pointwise deferred statistical convergence and strongly deferred Cesàro pointwise summable sequences of fuzzy mappings. Some relations between pointwise deferred statistical convergence and strongly deferred Cesàro pointwise summable sequences of fuzzy mappings are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of strongly ideal lacunary quasi-Cauchyness of order (α, β) of sequences of real numbers. Strongly ideal lacunary ward continuity of order (α, β) is also investigated. Interesting results are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the definitions of lacunary strong A−convergence of order α with respect to a modulus and lacunary A−statistical convergence of order α were given by adding α to the definitions of lacunary strong A−convergence with respect to a modulus and lacunary A−statistical convergence when A = (aik) is an infinite matrix of complex numbers and 0 < α ≤ 1. We study some connections between lacunary strong A - convergence of order α with respect to a modulus and lacunary A - statistical convergence of order α. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, by variational methods and the profile decomposition of bounded sequences in H¹, we study the existence of solitary waves for the Schrödinger–Choquard equation with an L²-critical nonlinearity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of predicting the distance to the point of a decision-making on the possibility of takeoff in the presence of a high-altitude obstacle on the takeoff course is outlined in the paper. The elaboration problem is formulated as a terminal task in the function of the generalized state parameter – the total energy of motion. A large number of statistical tests of prediction algorithms have been performed. To demonstrate the efficiency of the method and its functional merits, estimations of the errors in predicting the takeoff trajectory are found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide a simple explanation and test that the emblematic function x/ln(x) in prime number theorem estimates roughly the prime-counting as 1 for each isolated primes and 1 for each twin primes, and not 2 for twins as it should be. By this reason, for a more proper counting the function (x/ln(x))[1+ln(x)-1] should replace x/ln(x) in the prime number theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pavement conditions will reduce the level of service over time. It is characterized by the occurrence of structural damage of the road pavement layers in which the neglect for a long period can worsen the condition of the pavement layers that can affect the traffic safety and comfort. Road pavement performance is determined based on the requirements of the functional and structural condition. The functional conditional requirements relate to roughness, pavement surface aggravation, while the structural condition requirements relate to the pavement strength or carrying capacity in serving the load and the traffic flow. The aim of this research is to evaluate the functional and structural of the flexible pavement on south arterial road in Yogyakarta and to provide recommendation of maintenance and rehabilitation. The functional evaluation of pavement is based on DGH and PCI method, which combines International Roughness Index (IRI) and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) values, while structural pavement evaluation is performed by analyzing the deflection value of Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) measurement analyzed by AASHTO 1993 with the output being the Structural Number (SN) value, where SN effective/SNfuture ratio results Structural Condition Index (SCI) value which determines whether a pavement requires overlay or not. The results of functional analysis based on IRI and PCI values indicate that the road conditions for each segment are good, damaged and heavily damaged. The structural analysis for 2018 shows all segments yield SCI value<1, which means they require an overlay. The segments requiring functional overlay are Km 00 + 000 up to 02 + 400, Km 04 + 400 up to 05 + 600, Km 07 + 600 up to 13 + 200, Km and Km 16 + 000 up to 18 + 400. Meanwhile, the segments that require structural overlay are: Km 02 + 400 up to 04 + 400, Km 05 + 600 up to 07 + 600 and Km 13 + 200 up to 16 + 000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we construct a non-Volterra Gaussian Quadratic Stochastic Operators defined on the set of real numbers R and show non-ergodicity of this transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Szegö kernel plays an important role in conformal mapping and satisfies a boundary Kerzman-Stein integral equation. The series representation for the Szegö kernel for an annulus region is well known. In this paper, the Adomian decomposition method is applied to solve the boundary Kerzman-Stein integral equation. The method provides another series form for the Szegö kernel for the annulus region. The two series are shown to be equivalent. Some numerical examples are also presented to compare the speed of convergence of the two series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, subclass of bi-univalent functions of the class σ is introduced using subordination. For functions belonging to the subclass, the estimates on the Taylor Maclaurin coefficients are determined for functions belonging to the subclass. Furthermore, the upper bound of the Fekete-Szegö functional is also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the reliability of the two methods from the family of fourth-order implicit finite difference schemes, namely the fourth-order Crank-Nicolson approximation scheme and the fourth-order standard implicit approximation scheme in solving the diffusion equation has been studied. The corresponding system of linear approximation equations for both fourth-order schemes were derived and then solved iteratively. In addition, for the purpose of assessing the efficiency of both schemes, comparison was made by considering three parameters, which are the iteration numbers, the computation time and the maximum error. Based on the results of the numerical experiments, it shows that the performance of the fourth-order Crank-Nicolson scheme is more efficient compared to the fourth-order standard implicit scheme in solving one-dimensional (1D) diffusion equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]