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Through photovoltaic (PV)-based electrical pumps, a substantial quantity of the world's renewable energy production is conserved. The production of irrigated cereals is hindered by the rising price of petroleum and the unreliable supply of electricity. As an alternative to electric and diesel pumps, solar pumps can be used to irrigate crops. This study demonstrates how a solar pump operated by a variable inertia flywheel can be used to power modest irrigation systems that water field vegetation. This study proposes a new model for an eco-friendly, solar-powered, Variable Inertia Flywheel (VIF)-coupled irrigation device that increases irrigation capacity in remote areas while conserving energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensor nodes in wireless networks often run on batteries, which means they have relatively little energy. Energy conservation is a priority while developing a WSN. Clustering is a well-known technique for extending network lifespan. More sensor networks and data must be processed as a result of big data growth. The question of how to jointly cluster sensor nodes and reach the ideal number of nodes in a large data WSN remains unanswered. As the fundamental component of data analysis, clustering is important. On the one hand, as information has grown and topics have intersected, there are now various methods for cluster analysis. And from the other hand, because of the complexity of the information, each clustering technique has distinct advantages and disadvantages. In this review article, we start with the concept of clustering, explore the fundamental components of the clustering procedure, such as the indicators used to measure and evaluate distance or similarity, and study the clustering algorithms both from a conventional and a contemporary viewpoint. However, the segmentation performance might be noticeably adversely affected by the presence of noise. The idea of sub-graph affinities is used to reduce the influence of visual noise, and each node in the main graph is represented as a sub-graph that describes its immediate surroundings. Then, in order to combat the uncertainty picture noise by leveraging additional information, a statistically sub-graph affinity matrix is created based on the statistical associations between sub-graphs of linked nodes in the main network. First, the consists of several modules for the multifunctional load characteristics analysis are created, together with the structure of the software system. Moreover, the earlier indicated and the proposed design of several significant function modules of the program system are described. Then, the approach of multifunctional user load characterisation is introduced. The multifunctional user load characterisation system's application example is shown last. According to simulation findings, APs below the noise level may be recognised utilising SWT with a carefully chosen mother wavelet, coupled to an adjustable threshold, allowing on-line AP detection performed on a programmable digital integrated circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplementary cementitious materials have recently gained much interest due to their economic and environmental benefits. Supplementary cementitious materials are widely employed in the building industry worldwide. Supplementary cementitious materials, such as those obtained from waste products from agriculture or industry, could be added to the concrete mixtures to enhance their strength. The state of applying supplementary cementitious materials for the sustainable growth of grout is reviewed in this research, along with current advancements. Reducing waste will conserve energy and natural resources and safeguard the environment. There is little research on using common cementitious materials in the grout. The goal of this search is to study the impact of supplementary cementitious material on the properties of fresh and hardened grout by studying how adding more cementitious materials affects the characteristics of cement grout. The review shows that using supplementary cementitious materials has a varying effect on the cement reaction according to proportions and other properties related to the additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the support and application of passive energy-saving technologies at different stages through querying ChatGPT on passive energy-related questions. The research findings reveal that during the background information retrieval stage, ChatGPT rapidly provides accurate climate characteristics, building status, and other relevant data, thereby enhancing the ease and speed of adopting passive energy-saving technologies. In the design strategy formulation stage, ChatGPT offers various passive energy-saving strategies, expanding the breadth of technological development. Furthermore, in the performance simulation stage, ChatGPT envisions the benefits of energy conservation, cost reduction, and improved indoor comfort, thereby enhancing the depth of energy-saving technology development. However, the application of ChatGPT also faces particular challenges. Concerning data accuracy, ChatGPT's responses rely on the accuracy of its training data, which may lead to potential issues if the data is unreliable. Additionally, as ChatGPT's reactions tend to be more generalized for specialized questions, there is room for improvement in the precision and comprehensiveness of the information provided. Furthermore, ChatGPT cannot offer real-time updated data, warranting attention to its practicality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to increasing awareness about environmental conservation and stringent rules and regulations regarding disposal of industrial waste engineers and researchers are striving hard to implement green practices in manufacturing industries. In this research the critical factors known as drivers creating hindrance in order to put green supply chain management into practice. GSCM in manufacturing industries have been identified using various techniques i.e. ISM – DEMATEL and through interaction with industry experts and questionnaire surveys. At present, the drivers of GSCM can prominently play an important role in India because Indian industries are showing growing care for the environment. The main objective of this study is to determine crucial drivers helpful for implementation of GSCM in leather industries. This research will not only help to reduce/reuse/recycle the waste generated but also conserve energy which is the need of hour. It is further observed that DEMATEL-ISM is an effective and powerful tool for estimating the relevant relationships among various drivers in an uncertain environment. It has been concluded that environmental concern and regulation (D2) is the most influencing driver through DEMATEL technique while ISM technique provides poor organizational culture in implementing GSCM (D12) as the most influencing driver. The information provided in this paper is useful for decision maker in an industry to implement GSCM to enhance the efficiency without polluting the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Catholic conservation building in Padua, Pasuruan, was inaugurated on 28th July, 1895. However, this conservation building is located in an area that has experienced a decline in environmental quality due to increased pollution and seawater intrusion. Therefore, evaluating the value of efficiency and energy conservation, water conservation, indoor health and comfort in this building is necessary. The purpose of the evaluation is to use the three assessments to measure the value of the feasibility and service of this building based on the Greenship Existing Building version 1.1 assessment. The quantitative method through survey activities to 50 respondents is used to evaluate the value of efficiency and energy conservation, water conservation, indoor health and comfort in this building. The results of the evaluation of aspects of energy efficiency and conservation, water conservation, indoor health and comfort respectively received 23 points (19,66%), 8 points (6,84%), and 12 points (10,25%). The evaluation with the highest value is obtained from energy efficiency and conservation because the value of the optimal performance factor for building energy efficiency reaches the maximum rating. On the other hand, the lowest evaluation occurred in aspects of water conservation, indoor health and comfort. Therefore, the Pasuruan government needs to improve aspects of water conservation, indoor health and comfort in this building. Furthermore, this research is used to make technical recommendations for improving the performance of other conservation building services based on energy efficiency and conservation, water conservation, indoor health and comfort assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of important plans and choices is a crucial part of the function that Human Resource Management plays in the operation of an organisation throughout its life. This makes it possible for the organisation to continue to cultivate and sustain its culture of supportability. In order to bring about sustainable success via Human Resource Management, the fundamental thinking process behind Green Human Resource Management is to motivate it. Green HRM (Green Human Resource Management) initiatives are currently in progress and are gaining traction among workers and representatives. These initiatives are embracing new work methodologies such as energy conservation, the implementation of E-HRM, telecommuting, and, most importantly, avoiding potential risks to protect the mother climate. Over the course of the last several years, the rate of worry on a worldwide scale has begun to quicken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As environmental concerns intensify in the evolving society, addressing cruise ships' substantial emissions becomes imperative. This study considers the potential of Skysails as a mitigation measure. Distinct from traditional wind sails, Skysails are crafted from robust materials resistant to both wind and rain, boasting superior aerodynamic performance. The system's architecture comprises wind power transmission and an automation control mechanism, enhancing its ease of operation and safety. Presently, these systems are classified into fixed, controllable, automated, and notably efficient yet power-reliant powered kite sail systems. While challenges like meteorological dependency, elevated costs, and operational intricacies persist, Skysail's potential for ecological preservation and energy conservation positions it as a prospective maritime solution. The potential future inclusion of solar panels and wind turbines could augment its environmental efficacy. In conclusion, the Skysail system emerges as a promising and sustainable alternative for the contemporary shipping sector, offering a pathway to mitigate emissions and reduce the ecological footprint of cruise ships. As the maritime industry seeks innovative solutions to align with environmental goals, the potential adoption of Skysails could contribute to a more environmentally responsible and energy-efficient future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the technology of biogas production in a farm based on foreign experience, highlights the future prospects of this technology, its growth to the level of macroeconomics, technology for generating beat and electricity. The issues of environmental protection, reduction of hazardous waste, non-poisoning of the environment for human health, rational use of renewable energy sources are also covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction sector consumes a significant amount of energy and has the potential to contribute carbon emissions by 40% of the world's carbon emissions from its planning to operation activities. This study aims to investigate the energy consumption in the building, evaluate the energy efficiency strategy, and its conservation efforts in the Malang City Library Building. The research was carried out using quantitative descriptive research methods by using GREENSHIP's Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC) for existing building (EB) version 1.1. The EEC parameters include (1) policy and energy management plan, (2) minimum building energy performance, (3) optimized efficiency building energy performance, (4) testing and recommissioning, (5) system energy performance, (6) energy monitoring and control, (7) operation and maintenance, (8) on-site renewable energy, and (9) less energy emission. The results shows that the energy use in the Malang City Library Building is 100,176 kWh/year, with composition of 65.6% for air conditioning, 9.7% for lighting, and 24.7% for other energy uses. As for the parameters of EEC, there are only three criteria have been complied with the GREESNHIP. Based on the results, it is recommended to improve the quality of energy efficiency and conservation strategy in the buildings such as the establishment of standardized operational procedures, well written campaigns, using alternative energy, and replacing old and energy-consuming equipment with those using the latest technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People's ongoing limb loss necessitated the development of prosthetics to replace them. An effort was made in this study to design and create a carbon fiber prosthetic foot. It was designed using the Solid Work program, and numerical analysis was carried out on it using the Ansys program to simulate the stress that the foot is exposed to throughout the entire walking cycle. The results of the safety factor demonstrated that the foot was safe in static, and the values ranged between (15_4.45), which is greater than the safety factor 1.5. The results also revealed an increase in total deformation and strain energy, demonstrating that the energy conservation principle was being followed. and the results showed fatigue stimulation in dynamic, the foot is safe when subjected to repeated stress during the walking cycle, and the safety factor ranged from 15 to 4.95, and the number of cycles of the life was 1.685e6 cycle, and the range of motion showed values close to normal, which provides a good gait for the amputee. The practical test of the load deflection showed that the total deformation values are close to the theoretical value, where the practical test showed a value of 16.5 mm and the theoretical value of the Access program showed the highest value by 14.2mm. In the future, our work aims to test the foot on different types of amputees, compare the results, and study the strength and age of the foot and its effect on the gait cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The household sector consumes the largest amount of energy compared to other sectors in Indonesia. The most consuming instrument is the air conditioning (AC) system, as the tropical climate of Indonesia yields outdoor temperature that is higher than the standardized temperature for thermal comfort. Phase change material (PCM) possesses the potential to reduce the employment of energy for the AC system by reducing the total envelope heat transfer rate incorporated into a building through the walls. However, the selection of PCM and its integration configuration with the building materials are subjected to the climate environment. This study examined the thermal performance of some PCMs that are integrated with lightweight concrete through numerical simulation using EnergyPlus software. The integration of lightweight concrete with a PCM titled RT 35 manufactured by Rubitherm Technologies GmbH company yields the highest envelope heat gain transfer rate reduction. Meanwhile, the middle-layer placement of the PCM performs better than the configurations that placed the PCM on the wall's outer and inner surface. This is due to the PCM being imposed on a smaller temperature difference with its surroundings. Analysis of the thermal properties of the 20 mm thick PCM RT 35 placed on the middle layer of the walls yields the thermal resistance value of 0.141 m2-K/W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal insulators in buildings are used as a protection for the surrounding environment from the effects of energy use. In addition, they protect isolated buildings and make them more comfortable. It is significantly more important to isolate areas which are exposed to sunlight than to isolate the rest of the building. Ceilings that are exposed to solar radiation for long hours may need more than one isolation layer to obtain acceptable results. This research provides an overview of thermal insulation and performance-related factors, as well as the materials used in insulation and their classifications and uses. One of the global strategic goals is to conserve energy and reduce its use, as well as reduce gas emissions related to energy consumption that have a negative impact on the environment and future impacts of climate change. To meet the challenge of energy consumption in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning, thermal insulation technology, which is an old technology, has been used. Researchers seek to innovate and develop high-efficiency insulation methods and materials that can be used in reducing energy consumption. And which can function as high-quality thermal insulation for buildings. Thermal insulation technology reduces energy gain or loss. Thus, it is reduces the cost of energy consumption and protects the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The housing sector is one of Morocco's economic sectors, coming in second to the transportation sector in terms of CO2 emissions and energy consumption. In order to help Morocco meet its goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to identify doable strategies to conserve energy and cut CO2 emissions from this sector. Using the Tapio and logarithmic-mean Divisia index methods (LMDI), this study explores the decoupling connection between economic production and household energy consumption for the instance of Morocco for the years 1990–2017. According to the driving mechanism, the home energy consumption is divided into the impacts of domestic energy intensity effect, housing structure effect, economic output, and population scale effect. Empirical findings showed that, only five decoupling states—weak decoupling, strong decoupling, expansive decoupling, strong negative decoupling, and expansive negative decoupling—appeared over the study's time frame. The primary factor driving the national decoupling was housing energy intensity, whereas the primary factor impeding the decoupling was economic activity. The demographic change impact and the housing structure decoupling effect, however, only contributed minimally to the prevention of decoupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles are usually particles that are measured in nanoscale, less than 100 nm. More recently, these materials have emerged as an integral part of current medicine, with applications ranging from comparative experts in clinical imagery to carriers to transfer quality to individual cells. They have found their function ability not only in the department of cancer but also in the bacteria, pathogens, fungi, virus etc areas where medicinal industries lack in being capable. Nanoparticles have a variety of properties that distinguish them from a wide range of materials by their intellectual size, such as composite recycling, energy conservation, and biodiversity. Which have made them something to focus on researching and developing so as to merge its beneficial properties in other fields of technology, science, etc to which other industries can boom better. The benefits of nanoparticles in current medicine vary. In fact, there are a few instances where nanoparticles enable research and treatment that cannot be done otherwise. However, nanoparticles also have incredible environmental and cultural complexity, especially in terms of toxicity and many attempts by merging it with natural strains of organisms or artificially developed mechanism to reduce the negative effects and propel the beneficiary stats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives the solution for streetlamp management with automatic brightness using the bolt IoT. The main aim is to decrease accidents and conserve energy. Here the IoT is used a lot to decrease the manpower to on/off and to adjust the brightness based on the light around it. Accidents are increasing due to lack of lighting by increasing the brightness we can decrease the accidents and consuming the energy is also important. As a result, we will make use of the Bolt IoT platform. With the help of the Internet of Things platform Bolt, customers may quickly and easily create products and services. Bolt has a Wi-Fi/GSM chip and a cloud platform that will help you connect all of your different sensors and devices to the internet. Bolt Cloud allows you to control and observe them remotely. Additionally, you may create customized dashboards to view the data, assess the device's health, and execute machine learning algorithms. In a single day, create scalable IoT solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia is among the highest consumers in terms of energy consumption and intensity per capita in Asia. In 2020, per capita energy consumption in Malaysia will be 2.7 toe. Where it turns out to be higher than the neighboring country. Per capita electricity consumption has increased from 3 900 kWh per capita in 2010 to 4 600 kWh in 2020. The objective of this paper is to study the energy scenario in Malaysia, especially after going through the Covid 19 pandemic phase which has crippled almost the entire economic sector of the country and see how the potential for renewable energyin Malaysia after going through the pandemic phase. Where Malaysia is focusing on sustainable and prudent energy use and efficient resource management under the 11th Malaysia Plan (2016–2020) through introduction of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) (2016–2025). NEEAP provide instruments for the successful implementation ofenergy efficiency strategies in country through well-coordinated and cost-effective energy implementation efficiency measures in the industrial, commercial and residential sectors. Realize need to improve energy efficiency and conservationinitiatives, Malaysia is developing a comprehensive new Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act (EECA) in an effort to reach its country aspirations, as well as the effective use of energy across key sectors. EECA will outline the comprehensive measures necessary to promote the efficient use of energy, including goal setting, communication, and education. It will also initiate measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as a regulatory approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy conservation and energy-efficient systems are necessary to build an eco-friendly environment. Engineers are trying to reduce energy consumption by improving systems' efficiency in all possible ways. Aircraft propellers made of high stiffness wood have been less efficient in speeds other than constant working speed for a fixed-pitch propeller configuration and are less durable due to regular exposure to environmental variations such as temperature and humidity. In this work, we have tried to optimize the present design process of conventional wooden propellers by adopting the technique of improving the glide ratio, strength, high temperature, and humidity resistance by using carbon composite propellers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the harsh ecological environment, green buildings have gradually become the main direction of architectural development. The currently internationally recognized green building refers to providing people with a healthy and comfortable activity space. At the same time, green buildings have very strict requirements for building energy conservation. For example, for a general civil green building, its energy saving needs to reach 60%. However, traditional building energy-saving materials only have the effect of thermal insulation, which is difficult to meet the needs of energy conservation. Therefore, the development of new types of building energy-saving products has become a hot topic in research. As a new type of energy-saving material, the phase change material has its advantages in the actual engineering construction. In the actual application of engineering, phase change materials can not only reduce the use of various raw materials, but also save the project cost. At the same time, the phase-change materials can store and recycle the energy source. It is particularly important to use phase change materials in building energy-saving construction. This paper mainly introduces the characteristics, classification, use method and use effect of phase change materials, and briefly discusses its advantages and disadvantages. The application of phase change materials in green building, and the future development direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental trade-off between renovation (i.e. application of energy conservation measures) and reconstruction (i.e. demolition followed by new build) is an emerging topic under study. Although in many studies renovation is preferred over reconstruction from an environmental viewpoint, opposite conclusions can be found as well. The reason behind these ambiguous conclusions is often explained by the difference in energy performance achieved between the renovation and reconstruction scenario. However, the question of to what extent methodological choices influence the trade-off between both scenarios is rarely asked. The environmental impact of a building is commonly examined by means of life cycle assessment (LCA). Despite the fact that several standards with regard to LCAs do exist, there are no specific guidelines when buildings with a different (remaining) service life are compared, or when an existing building is the starting point of the assessment, as the standards are mostly tailored for new buildings. Consequently, different methodological approaches can be found in literature to (1) determine the reference study period and (2) allocate environmental impacts. This paper therefore examines the effect of several approaches in terms of both aspects on the trade-off between renovation and reconstruction. First, existing approaches are gathered from literature after which they are applied to a renovation and reconstruction case study with an identical geometry, energy performance, and HVAC installation. For the environmental evaluation, an LCA is performed following a cradle-to-grave approach. The environmental impact of the operational energy use and HVAC installation is however excluded since it is considered equal for both cases. The results show considerable variations in the trade-off between renovation and reconstruction. Establishing a robust and well-defined methodological LCA framework that allows for a consistent comparison of renovation and reconstruction, is a key challenge to determine how to guide and support the choice between both scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile phones play an integral part in our life and it make life easier. Mobile phones allow us to connect with people in any part of the world. Mobile phones are very useful in an emergency. So, it is necessary to maintain mobile charge and use in efficient way. According to the rule of conservation of energy, energy cannot be generated or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one type of energy to another. The fundamental function of a vehicle's suspension system is to maximize the vehicle's overall performance as it travels along the road. The suspension system also aids in the absorption of road bumps, ensuring a safe and pleasant ride. Conversion of pressure energy generated from suspension into electrical energy by using Rack & Pinion Mechanism. Recovered energy is aimed to build a mobile charging unit in two wheelers, which can charge mobile phones during any emergency situations and keeps mobile always active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectualization of electric power facilities involves their modernization using information and communication technologies. One of the most important tasks in this case is the collection and processing of information to improve its efficiency. In addition, the accelerated development of information and telecommunications technologies, the current vector for the digitalization of the economy leads to an additional increase in the relevance of information support for energy conservation and energy efficiency policies. The paper presents an information and analytical system that allows implementing a closed control cycle and benchmarking the efficiency of electric grid organizations as a key facility in the electric power industry. The greatest attention in the study is paid to the data analysis and processing system, which allows implementing a convenient interface for an expert analyst based on questionnaires created in Google Forms to collect expert opinions. The analysis of hierarchies in a fuzzy setting is at the heart of the examination data processing. Using the algorithm of this method, the weight coefficients of the performance indicators of organizations are calculated. It is shown that a comprehensive assessment for making managerial decisions is an integral indicator of efficiency. In the decision support system, an algorithm is proposed that provides the formation of integral indicators using linguistic variables. The presented information-analytical system allows the decision maker not only to make a comprehensive assessment of energy efficiency using a linguistic description, but also to solve benchmarking problems using the example of an electric grid organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the population growing and keeping up with the pace of urbanisation in Malaysia, the terraced residence was constructed to address new social and economic necessities. Modern terraced house is an ideal typology of housing for high-density development. However, these houses, especially intermediate units, often lack natural ventilation, with just two or three façades accessible for openings on the front and rear façades, causing sluggish and inefficient air exchange in the house. As a result, modifications on the fenestration as the application of passive design solutions are required to improve indoor thermal comfort and energy conservation. This research determines the different types of fenestration placement in Malaysian terraced houses as well as analyses how different types of fenestrations in terraced houses affect the energy consumption. This research utilises Revit modeling software to develop a series of prototypes of intermediate terrace houses incorporated with different fenestration treatments. The developed prototypes are tested by conducting building simulation to record findings of building energy performance based on annual and monthly energy consumption. This study concludes that the design of fenestration of terraced house façade effectively reduce energy consumption, thus contributes towards formulating future energy-efficient terraced houses with improved thermal comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the ever-increasing energy consumption around the globe, fossil fuels are being depleted, but the environment is also getting worse as a result of pollution. This increase in energy usage and consumption leads to the greenhouse effect and global warming. It is, therefore, a need for time to minimize the use of energy with all possible means. Energy consumption in buildings and infrastructure has increased many folds suggesting design requirements need for a shift towards energy efficiency and conservation and operation of buildings through sustainable means. In buildings, energy efficiency can be achieved using insulation materials, improved architectural techniques, and modified construction methodology. To reduce the energy demand to operate buildings, means are to be devised to harvest renewable energy and make a building capable of sustaining itself. Such buildings do not require energy to be supplied by external sources the energy is produced and used at the site, which is the best option for the environment. Observational and experimental investigations were carried out to study energy consumption effectiveness based on different contributing parameters such as orientation, construction materials used, type of construction, height, and architectural design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sciences of matter embrace a number of disciplines closely concerning the world around us. Since our world is subject to continuous change, virtually every new undertaking or insight invites to a revised approach, beginning with the simplest chemical changes in homogeneous solutions. Mathematical models usually resort to stochastic processes to deal with chemical conversions taking intermediates and branched reactions into account. The main mathematical problem lies in meaningfully linearizing the equations ruling the reactions. However, catalysis, electro-, and photochemistry can lend themselves to outperformance with respect to changes occurring in the near-linear range. Dealing with the problem of increasing reaction or power yield beyond the linear regime lies outside thermodynamics, at least inasmuch as it becomes a nonlinear problem, that can only be solved in a small region around a given operating point. We expect a significant increase of the yield of a process above the value established by the energy conservation principle to break thermodynamics. Predictive models using probability theory, too, cease to be valid beyond the linear range, so that mechanical statistical methods aren't so good. Finally, computational modeling of selective and specific processes by a systematic refinement that includes each property of the phenomenon is prohibitively complicated. As an alternative, signal reception techniques could be employed to monitor signals associated to those processes, and possibly to control the latter. While processes are highly nonlinear, if a linear signal response can be adjusted to fit the produced change in yield, the process at stake can be followed experimentally, and modeled by suitably parametrizing the linear response. Mathematical models of the signal changes can assist more general insights and heuristic guesses. Faraday's investigations on electrolysis can be viewed as a first failed effort in this direction. On the one hand, in Faraday's time circuit design was not as advanced as today, and on the other, his approach lends itself to open a more general avenue in the understanding of selective and specific processes. Hence, I try and put the discovery of electrolysis in context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been increasingly popular in recent years for various applications in the real world, like tracking, monitoring, transportation, military, and healthcare. As a result, maintaining the sensor node's lifetime is critical in WSNs. The battery's energy is the most important part of the sensor nodes, influencing the WSN's lifespan. Because the sensor nodes are powered by a limited battery, energy conservation is critical. At sensor nodes, energy is required for several tasks, including data reception and transmission, data processing, sensing, and so on. Data transmission consumes the greatest energy of all of them, although data processing consumes significantly less. As a result, reducing the amount of data communication (transmitting and receiving) is crucial to conserving energy and extending the lifetime of WSNs.DABOEP Data aggregation based on Extrema Point is proposed in this paper, which works at the sensor node level. Data collection, data aggregation, and data transmission are the three stages of the suggested techniques' operation periodically. The goal of these techniques is to reduce the size of transmitted data by aggregating sensed redundant data before transmitting to the base station (BS), reducing the amount of energy consumed and thus extending the network lifetime while maintaining an acceptable level of accuracy for the data received at the BS. Extensive simulation experiments are used in the evaluation of suggested techniques. When compared to the flat network (normal case), the suggested technique reduces the quantity of data left by 77%–90%. Energy consumption is reduced by 78%–99%. The ratio of lost data is ranging between (1.11%-9.01%) and the amount of data sent by 96.551% to 98.424%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric power is an expensive and scarce resource and the concept of modern life is not possible without the continuous uninterrupted supply of it. Therefore, a lot of efforts have been made in past to conserve and optimize the use of electric power so that it could be efficiently distributed to all consumers. The efforts to conserve the energy include government and other organizations' sponsored awareness campaign for public to encourage them to use the best practices while the efforts for optimizing its use are led by the researchers and industries. The electrical appliances and equipment are developed in a way that optimize the use of energy. In this direction, one of the important inventions was the use of standby mode for the electrical appliances which is employed when the appliance is plugged-in but not in active use. The standby mode helps optimize electric power use yet it causes some power leakage. This study strives to forecast the appliances' state (standby or running) in next minutes to prevent the power leakage during the standby mode: by accurately forecasting the standby burst the appliance could be put in off state during the forecasted burst duration. This work proposes a technique to model power consumption data and presents a comparative study of five different machine learning algorithms to study their suitability to forecast an appliance's state and standby burst. The proposed approach achieved around 90 percent accuracy and very good indications over precision, recall and F1-Score for models built using Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). The study focus is modelling technique and comparison of existing ML techniques using the proposed modelling technique. This leads to interesting paths for further studies including fine-tuning of one of the techniques, and setting up a better purpose-built data collection environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste heat from Air Conditioner (AC) is neglected as a heat source for power generation due to its low temperature. In today's world, the demand for energy has increased, but the amount of energy that is available is less. Also, there is no viable option for effective utilization and energy conservation. This paper feature design and analyze the waste heat recovery system. The waste heat taken from the outlet of an AC condenser is concentrated and converted into electricity using Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) modules connected in a series-parallel combination. A duct made of an aluminium sheet is used to concentrate waste heat because it has a high absorption point. The data in terms of temperature, voltage, and current is sensed, measured, and analyzed under different scenarios with and without the concentration of heat radiation. After analyzing all the different combinations, the most efficient one is chosen. With the presence of an aluminium duct concentrator, the temperature increased by 28%. When tested with TEGs, with water at ambient temperature and an ice pack on its cold side, the temperature gradient increased by 40%, resulting in an increase in voltage of around 80%. Three sensors, a DS18B20 temperature sensor, a voltage sensor, and an ACS712 current sensor, were connected to collect real-time data from the waste heat recovery system, and an ARDUINO UNO interface was used to record and analyze the bulk data. Graphical illustrations are provided for analysis, and to improve the voltage and current output as per load demand, a power electronic converter unit is suggested to boost the voltage level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation of cultural heritage has become a reference in sustainable development in modern society. Universally, it has been recognized by the world community that the preservation of cultural heritage has provided benefits for the conservation of the environment. Conservation of cultural heritage buildings can reduce energy use associated with new construction, waste disposal, demolition of buildings and promote sustainable development by conserving and saving energy use. To achieve sustainable management of cultural heritage buildings, maintenance is the most crucial aspect in preserving heritage values in buildings. The Al Osmani Grand Mosque is located in Jalan Yos Sudarso KM 17.5, Pekan Labuhan Village, Medan Labuhan District, Medan, founded by Sultan Deli VII Osman Perkasa Alam, not only a building that functions as a place of worship. But basically, the Al-Osmani Grand Mosque is a blend of culture between ethnic Chinese, MiddleEastern, Indian, Spanish, and local ethnic groups in Medan, namely ethnic Malays. The direction of the maintenance strategy is to design the preparation of guidelines for the construction of new buildings in the courtyard of the Al Osmani Mosque, the determination of special zoning for the cultural heritage area, the provision of incentives, the extension of the local community, and the establishment of local binding regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are natural networks with restricted energy and networking technologies. It is a network made up of small nodes that also function as routers. These nodes have a very restricted power supply that is non-rechargeable and non-replaceable, making energy usage a major concern. WSN nodes have minimum energy and ability, and energy conservation has always been the most significant problem in WSNs. Energy conservation is a critical concern for extending the network's lifespan. A Sink Node (SN) is a node with an abundance of processing storage, power and a mutable battery, whereas a Member Node (MN) is a node with very little energy. Because the sensor nodes also function as routers, identifying the appropriate routing approach is critical for reducing energy consumption. WSNs are utilised in various applications, including ocean monitoring, sea monitoring, environmental monitoring, weather monitoring, submerged wildlife monitoring, weather monitoring, patient monitoring, and industrial monitoring. This research paper describes WSN using various algorithms associated with an energy-efficient routing network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the energy efficiency of buildings and structures is one of the most pressing issues related to the quality of life of the world's rapidly growing population. Since traditional primary energy resources are distributed to varying degrees around the globe: some countries are "abundantly" provided with them, others are forced to import them, and in this regards they are concerned about their energy security. In this article we analyzed the energy efficiency of various buildings with different energy consumption. Modern conditions literally require to provide savings on energy sources during the house construction. The main purpose of measures to improve the energy efficiency of buildings is the efficient and rational use of energy resources. The improvement and popularization of various methods to combat high energy consumption and environmental pollution stimulates the market of building materials and technologies for progressive development, which significantly affects the comfortable living and the life of humanity as a whole. The energy-efficient house built in compliance with all recommendations will spend 70-90% less energy than an ordinary one. We obtained results, that energy efficiency standards contain the requirements, which consider the entire life cycle of buildings and lay down energy savings through the use of energy-saving solutions, assessing their energy efficiency and environmental components. To achieve optimal thermal conductivity of a log house, it is necessary to take into account the properties of wood as a building material and the features of the technology. With the use of natural insulation components, wood cladding and modern lime plaster, an energy-efficient and sustainable building can be quickly built using natural building materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year there is an increase in prices for thermal energy. To maintain or increase the energy supply of technological processes in all types of buildings, engineers develop methods for saving thermal energy. Energy efficiency helps humanity in the rational use of energy resources. Mechanical general ventilation systems play an important role in construction and operation. They provide a comfortable stay of a person in buildings, but also consume a huge amount of heat energy. The main thing that experienced engineers who design ventilation systems rely on today is the creation of energy-saving systems. The article will show an energy saving option in mechanical ventilation systems. An improved recuperator plant is proposed for the implementation of energy-efficient use of resources. This installation is proposed as an improvement of existing heat recovery plants and relates to the field of energy efficiency. The purpose of the new design is to increase energy efficiency compared to analogues using an installation as part of an air duct, the use of an increased contact area of heat carriers, due to a special internal structure capable of providing more uniform heat transfer and the use of automation that controls all processes occurring in the recuperator installation. Thus, the new design increases the efficiency of using the mechanical ventilation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers technical recommendations for design of the power supply systems for autonomous facilities in the regions of Russia with decentralized energy supply based on renewable energy sources. The analysis of solar and wind energy resources in these regions was carried out. It is concluded that in order to ensure the required continuity of power supply, it is advisable to use hybrid solar-wind-diesel power plants. The analysis of the environmental and life characteristics of the sources included in these plants is carried out. It is shown that a radical improvement in the environmental properties of a power plant can be achieved by using diesel generators with application of liquefied natural gas, as well as wind turbines with a vertical axis. Three variants of schemes for power plants constructing for the regions with different wind and solar energy resources are proposed, the principles of their operation are described, it is shown that it is advisable to manage these plants with maximum use of renewable energy sources of wind and solar energy and with maximum conservation of the resource of diesel generators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals and metalloids maybe build up inside the ground soil, harming human health and ecosystems while also jeopardizing the long-term management and use of ground soil fortunes. Though a variety of treatment technologies, such as densification/modification, the wash of soil, electrokinetic treatment, and chemical deduction, may be used to immobilize, remove, or detoxify heavy metals from ground soil, the economic, social, and environmental consequences of the traditional methods make them unsustainable. More tries made to maximize the 'net environmental advantage' in different methods, including embracing nature-based solutions (NBS), regaining resources, and conserving energy with the emergence and growth of "these strategies from the enhancing contamination soils" of the activity. This study critically concerns some techniques in remediation processes and the novel soil modifications being used in some of the sufferable systems. The most increased modification implementation for both metallic cations, oxyanions and moderately low trouble to the ground. Finally, it suggests that incorporating many enhancement processes has a synergistic influence on the effectiveness of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal energy accumulation allows the efficient and rational using available energy resources and reducing peak consumption. The paper describes the experimental and theoretical analysis of thermal accumulators' effective use to ensure normal thermal mode of the device. We propose a method for calculating the thermophysical parameters during the discharge of accumulators, based on the solution of the zero-dimensional Stefan problem for the case of placing the coolant in the inner channel of cylindrical shaped tubes. It makes possible to determine the value of the heat flux, the heat carrier temperature, the radius of the boundary between the solid and liquid phases, as well as the thermal resistance of the cylindrical layer of the liquid phase. The proposed mathematical model has been verified by comparing experimental results and numerical calculations for a system of tubes with an outer radius of 1.5 mm filled with a heat carrier. The presented results of the research can serve as a basis for design and development of calculation methods for accumulators with various heat storage substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present scenario due to ever increasing energy demand and complete dependency on fossil fuels, acute energy crisis is created. The issue of energy efficiency is paramount in every organization around the world. Scientific and research community around the globe are constantly striving to find newer ways for efficiently storing, using/reusing thermal energy. Thermal energy storage (TES) systems give distinct options for energy conservation and efficient use. TES using sensible heat is frequently used method, but the recent research shows that in latent heat storage, density of stored energy is greater than that when stored in sensible form. PCM absorbs heat in charging process and stores that in both Latent and Sensible heat forms. In case of Latent heat storage (LHS) system which uses phase change materials (PCMs) sounds impressive and popularly used approach for storing thermal energy. Forecasting the unsteady behaviour of phase transformation process is difficult to understand and analyze as the solid-liquid interface is in moving state. The current paper brings together the various research work, available data, validated results from literature carried out on numerical and experimental strategies aimed at understanding, analyzing, and augmenting the performance of energy storage systems. It also reviews salient applications of PCM for energy storage considering the domains of electronic cooling and solar energy. A few of research lacunae are highlighted and future scope of investigations recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drinkable water scarcity is a serious issue in several nations, influencing the lives of millions of people all throughout the world. While many techniques try to assist in addressing the issue of water shortage, they consume a lot of energy and release a lot of CO2. In recent decades, adsorption desalination technology has attracted a lot of attention as it is operating by low-grade thermal energy resources, consumes less thermal power, generates cooling as a side effect, and emits less CO2. This study looks at a double bed silica gel and water based cycle numerically and a single bed silica gel and water based cycle experimentally. The present cycle's conservation of energy / mass equations was modeled using MATLAB SIMULINK software, and the energy-balance equations of the adsorber bed, condenser, and evaporator were solved as a result. In the practical side, the adsorption desalination system was designed and built with all its main parts (adsorption bed, condenser and evaporator) and secondary (pumps, air vacuum system, attached chiller unit and cold and hot water tank). The examination of various essential factors such as heat source, condenser, evaporator temperatures, and half cycle duration was carried out to determine their influence. The simulation model used in this paper was verified using previously published experimental research on the (SDWP) and (SCP) provided by the system. The numerical results show that the greatest (SDWP) generated from the cycle is (19.3221 l/kg ads per day) utilizing Tb =90°C, Tch= 24°C, Tc= 30°C and t half cycle= 320 s and (SCP) is (493.1831 W/kg ads) at Tb= 90°C, Tch= 24°C, Tc= 30°C and t half cycle= 320 s. The experimental results show the greatest (SDWP) and (SCP) is (12.6 l/kg ads per day) and (331.12 W/kg ads per day) respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, Indonesia has the most significant energy consumption in Southeast Asia, accounting for more than 36% of the region's energy needs. A green building concept is needed to reduce fossil and coal energy resources that harm the environment. A Green building is a building that operates by taking care of environmental or ecosystem factors. The hotel is a building that consumes a large amount of energy, so efforts to save energy are needed. One of the big hotels in Palembang City is The Alts Hotel. The Alts Hotel locate in residential areas and buildings with wasteful energy use such as hotels, ballrooms, restaurants, cinemas, and supermarkets. So it is necessary to research conservation and energy efficiency at the hotel. Data collection in this study includes interviews, building observations, measurements with a lux meter, building technical data, and energy consumption. The data obtained is then processed based on the Greenship standard and the Green Building Index, where The Alts Hotel has completed 4 Greenship criteria with a total of 24 points. At the same time, the hotel has met seven criteria with 16 points in the Green Building Index. Based on Greenship, The Alts Hotel got 66.6% for the percentage obtained, while for the Green Building Index, 42.1%. This study indicates that The Alts Hotel has not been maximal in carrying out energy conservation and efficiency because the value obtained in both standards Greenship and Green Building Index does not reach maximal points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioreactor for modeling the processes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens is accompanied by problems of maintaining the required parameters inside the bioreactor within the specified limits is developed. The purpose of this article is to describe the process and results of solving problems that will be used in experiments to maintain temperature and pH in a bioreactor. Each solution ensures the performance and quality of the others. The use of side heating made it possible to organize heat distribution through the solution evenly and over a larger area and has contributed to energy conservation and better regulation. Temperature correction of the pH measurement helped to eliminate errors and improve the quality of the pH controller. The temperature control accuracy is 0.0625 C, and the acidity control accuracy is 0.1 pH with a previously unknown composition of the liquid. Gut bacteria growing test has shown that the bioreactor is able to create the conditions necessary for the gut microbiota. The number of Lactobacillus was 4,0±1,0·108 CFU/g, Bifidobacterium - 1·107 CFU/g, Enterococcus - 3,3±0,6·107 CFU/g, E. coli - 6,2±1,2·107 CFU/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for energy resources has a significant increase in real world applications like Environmental monitoring, Communication, Survival, Smart city, Tracking etc., WSN comprises with the sensing elements, computation unit, interfacing elements with wireless communications skills. The energy conservation has become predominant factor in all application areas. The design of nodes in MAC protocol in terms of energy conservation factor where idle listening period is avoided and hence lot of research studies was made to have an efficient MAC protocol design in energy conservation. A new energy optimization quorum system is proposed to balance of energy levels of different sensors. This methodology surmounts on an average of 57.73% than conventional quorum and 47.61% than extended quorum system thereby increasing lifespan by nearly 60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid rise in electricity demand, as well as recent changes in environmental conditions necessitated the development of a new source of energy that is both cheaper and more sustainable with less carbon emissions. In the search for a solution to the problem, solar energy has yielded promising results. Wind power is one of the most promising sources of energy in the world and it is predicted to grow rapidly in the next years. The blade pitch angle of Wind Energy Conservation System (WECS) is controlled by applying artificial intelligence techniques. In this paper, an ANFIS based technique for blade pitch control of WECS is proposed. This research also proposes a new technique for creating a training and testing dataset for the ANFIS controller in order to alter its membership functions. A boost Landsman converter is also proposed. Several test scenarios are performed to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed ANFIS-based approach. The suggested controller's advantages enable higher performance against wind speed fluctuations, parameter uncertainties, variations in load demand and communication channel time delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for energy and the depletion of fossil fuels make energy conservation towards new and renewable energy (EBT) vital for the Indonesian government. The utilization of briquettes as alternative energy can solve this problem; in recent years, there have been many studies to increase the heat content and reduce emissions. Some of the things discussed in this study are technologies that have been developed to make briquettes from various sources and their advantages and disadvantages. The result is that briquettes produced from biomass are pretty good substitutes for fuels such as coal, lignite, firewood and offer many advantages. The energy content of briquettes ranges from 4.48 to 5.95 kilojoules per gram (kJ/g), depending on the composition of the raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the dominant primary energy user until 2050 in. Indonesia, coal-fired power plant energy conservation effortsneed to be increased through a detailed energy audit. Power plant energy performance indicator expressed by Net Plant Heat Rate (NPHR) as the energy required to produce one kWh of net electricity. Energy audits are conducted by comparing NPHR value between actual conditions against commissioning at 61 MW gross loads through performance tests based onASME PTC standards. Actual NPHR increase due to several factors that have been identified by comparing operating parameters and central equipment performance between actual against commissioning value. Furthermore, the deviation of each parameter with different units converted into heat rate unit using references from manufacture NPHR correction factor and Southern Company heat rate handbook. The results show that actual NPHR increased by 510.21 kcal/kWh or 16.93% compared to commissioning value and potentially increased fuel costs to 1,270,147 USD per year. Significant factors that cause NPHR increase are condenser pressure increase, isentropic turbine efficiency decrease, two LPH out of service, primary and secondary air preheater effectiveness decrease, primary and secondary air preheater leakage increase. The study suggests several recommendations to reduce those losses through operation control and equipment repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to compare and contrast two new algorithms, Fruit Fly Algorithm and Ant Lion Algorithm, for energy savings in the Distribution Network through optimal DSTATCOM allocation. Materials and Methods: Two algorithms, Fruit Fly Algorithm and Ant Lion Algorithm, are used to distribute DSTATCOM data. Results: ALO has a power loss reduction of (140.58 KW) based on the collected data, while FFA has a power loss reduction of (35173 $) and AL has a savings of (32765 $). To sum up, FFA offers superior energy savings (conservation) than ALO based on the given facts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption in Malaysia has increased considerably as the economy and culture have developed, with an increase of roughly 154 percent in fourteen years and a significant increase from 2019 to 2021. The majority of relevant research focuses on building textiles and household appliances, with little attention paid to inhabitants' energy use attitudes toward energy conservation. As a result, the goal of this research is to look into domestic energy use in Malaysia through a survey that focuses on the characteristics of energy use in urban households, demographics and building information, occupant behavior in cooling occupancy patterns, attitudes toward smart meters, and energy-saving policies. According to the findings of the survey, the ultimate energy consumption in Malaysia is influenced by family annual income. According to this study, high electrical energy users are more likely to have a higher family annual income and use their heating and cooling systems for longer periods of time. Furthermore, it was shown that smart meter acceptability in Malaysia is low because the majority of respondents are unaware of the possibilities of smart meters, implying that an awareness campaign is required if the government wishes to implement the use of smart meters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global contribution of hotel buildings to energy consumption continues to increase. Among hotel services, the energy consumed by cooling and heating systems can exceed 50% of the total energy use. For the purpose of energy conservation, five cooling and heating systems have been investigated. The aim is to investigate the most energy efficient cooling and heating system which can completely satisfy cooling and heating demands of a five star hotel building towards energy conservation. The study was based on field measurement and numerical analyses of cooling and heating systems. Data were processed and analyzed by using spread sheet and EES (Engineering Equations Solver) programs. The results showed that a cooling and heating system comprised a centrifugal water cooled chiller R-134a and two units heat pump was the most energy efficient system. The system also has the lowest CO2 emissions, and the most economic viable system with payback period less than 1.5 years. The results of the study can provide flexible alternatives to the hotel building management and consultant especially in tropical countries in determining the most suitable cooling and heating system for energy conservation measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction sector is one of the major industrial sectors in India. Developing a 3D model-based Building Information Modeling (BIM) has become the practice for accelerating the construction process in recent years. BIM model provides solution for the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry to overcome the difficulties of effective planning, scheduling and cost estimation, depending on the 2D drawings and project management tools. Due to global warming and energy crisis, the performance of a building's energy analysis has become an important factor in meeting the building regulations. This requires integration of energy analysis phase into the design phase of the building in order to predict the energy use of the building and plan for appropriate alternative energy conservation measures. In the present study, BIM basedmodel analysis of aG+5 Residential building locatedat Kakinada in Andhra Pradesh is performed using Autodesk Navis-works to visualize the cost, time and percentage of work in the form of graphical 3D model called 5D BIM. Similarly, theelectrical energy analysis of this building for a life span of 30 years is computed by using Autodesk Green Building Studioconsidering the effect of orientation of the building. Energy optimized methods such as photovoltaic system and window wall ratio (WWR) also adopted in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The instruments for physics experiments are the essential part of understanding the theoretical part. In this paper, we present an Arduino-based instrument for an energy conservation law. There are four main steps in building this instrument. First, designing and building the mechanical part. Second, designing and building the electrical parts. Third, building the program to control and process the data. Finally, the process of testing and data collection. The instrument is working well with a low deviation value of 0.001 – 0.005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to evaluate the current boiler performance in a tire industry and to identify areas where improvements can be made based on energy conservation opportunity (ECO). ECO can be performed in various ways, including applying O2 trimming, installing an economizer, implementing blowdown heat recovery system and insulating the condensate tank & pipelines. This study was conducted on three boilers, in which Boiler 03 was a backup boiler without an economizer. The efficiency of the three boilers was calculated using the indirect method according to BS 845-1:1987. The current boiler efficiencies were about 79% for boilers with economizer, and 74% for boiler without economizer. The recommended ECO would give gas bill cost-saving in the range of 0.47 – 1.4% (Rp 18.6 – 36.8 million/month). The investment range would be Rp 400 million – 1.2 billion with simple payback period of 1.2 – 2.7 years. The first priority of ECO mentioned above should be the installation of an economizer with a cost-saving up to Rp 30.2 million/month, which gives a simple payback period of 1.2 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Usage of artificial lighting during the day might seem less serious compared to the other problems associated with energy consumption. But cutting down these and using the abundantly available sunlight as a light source itself will majorly contribute towards energy conservation. This work makes use of Radiance-IES a readily available tool within the IES VE software, a simulation tool which calculates the amount of natural light available within a room or a building in accordance to variety of factors associated with the relationship between the building and the sun and other construction-oriented factors. This paper presents the findings of a general study, aimed to analyze the major factors associated with concluding the amount of useful natural light present in an office building located in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): glare, illuminance and daylight factor. The research was focused to the three main sky conditions available in UAE. The result shows that the uniform cloudy sky provides the maximum glare, maximum illuminance and maximum daylight factor. These results could be used to minimize the usage of artificial lighting in the office building during the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]