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Unlike subtractive manufacturing processes where material is removed, Additive Manufacturing (AM) involves creations of objects layer by layer from digital models. This approach reduces material waste significantly, making it an environmentally friendly option. It offers customization to larger extent with freedom to design with reduced waste and inbuilt with the ability to construct complex structures. AM excels at creating complex and intricate structures that may have otherwise been extremely challenging or costly to produce. This capability is particularly valuable in aerospace, biomedical, and architectural applications. A comprehensive review on the methods adopted, materials used and its extensive applications in trending areas were highlighted. This study also includes present state of development and also provides a comprehensive overview of 3D printing (3DP), emphasizing its advantages and challenges. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and developers in this field, guiding future research efforts and innovations. The evolving nature of materials and technologies in 3D printing means that this area will continue to be a focal point for innovation in manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the influence of varying Bi2O3 concentration on physical, thermal and optical properties of boro-vanadate glasses. Glasses with the composition of 60V2O5−(40-x) B2O3-xBi2O3 were synthesized; where x=5-25 mol% (with step size of 5 mol%). The non-crystalline nature of prepared samples was confirmed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The different properties of the processed samples were ascertained using a density measurement instrument, Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and ultra-violet visible spectrometry (UV-visible). The glass samples' density, molar volume, and crystalline volume increases while the band gap decreases as Bi2O3 content increases. The band gap was found in the range of 1.63 eV to1.92 eV. Glass transition temperature (Tg) showed a decreasing trend but increased for a sample x=20 mol%. Various other calculated parameters include refractive index (n), molar refractivity (Rm), metallization criterion (M), electronegativity (χ), optical basicity and electron polarizability (αᵒ). The high refractive index values (2.77-2.92) and low metallization criterion (ranging from 0.286-0.310) observed across all samples indicate the potential suitability of these glasses for non-linear optical purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows the study on the effect of the applied magnetic field on the efficiency of nanoparticles of various shapes in the presence of slip velocity. Homotopy Perturbation Method is accustomed to resolve the presiding equations. Wide range of values of various parameters are used to explore the consequence of nanoparticles with different shapes on the blood circulation via constricted artery. The expression of wall shear stress and the local Nusselt number are obtained. The nature of Nanoparticles for the Hamilton crosser model and the modified version of the model is compared by plotting the graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method has been used to prepare strontium oxide [SrO2] nanoparticles using strontium nitrate [Sr (NO3)2] as an oxidizer. In order to study the effects of different fuels on the synthesis of SrO2 nanoparticles, different fuels like urea [CH4N2O], citric acid [C6H8O7] and glycine [C2H5NO2] were used. The synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to various characterization techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy for analysing the structural and optical properties of synthesized samples. The XRD result confirms that the samples are crystalline in nature and the crystallite sizes were found to be 41.90 nm, 47.37 nm and 44.30 nm for CH4N2O, C2H5NO2 and C6H8O7 based SrO2 respectively. The FTIR results shows that there is bending and stretching of bonds because of H-O-H, −OH, and C=O groups. The bandgap (Eg) of the synthesized samples was calculated using UV-Visible spectra and are found to be 5.21 eV, 5.97 eV and 5.89 eV for SrO2 synthesized using CH4N2O, C2H5NO2 and C6H8O7 respectively. The results show that the SrO2 using C2H5NO2 has more bandgap and SrO2 synthesized using C2H5NO2 has more crystallite size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple solution combustion route was adopted to synthesize monoclinic bismuth oxide (α-Bi2O3) nanoparticles using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate [Bi (NO3). 5H2O] and citric acid [C6H8O7] as oxidizer and fuel respectively. In order to study the effect of irradiation, the precursor solution and also the nanoparticles of Bi2O3 have been irradiated with 25 kGy of 60Co gamma radiation. The obtained unirradiated, precursor solution irradiated and irradiated α-Bi2O3 nanoparticle samples were characterized using various techniques to study the change in the properties due to 60Co gamma radiation. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out to study the structural properties and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out to study the optical characteristics of the synthesized samples before and after irradiation. The crystallite size calculated using XRD results was found to increase with the irradiation compared to unirradiated sample indicating the increase in crystallinity of the sample. The FTIR spectra reveals the stretching vibrations of the bonds present in the sample and there is no significant change in the vibrational frequencies of the sample with irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the influence of varying Bi2O3 concentration on physical, thermal and optical properties of boro-vanadate glasses. Glasses with the composition of 60V2O5−(40-x) B2O3-xBi2O3 were synthesized; where x=5-25 mol% (with step size of 5 mol%). The non-crystalline nature of prepared samples was confirmed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The different properties of the processed samples were ascertained using a density measurement instrument, Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and ultra-violet visible spectrometry (UV-visible). The glass samples' density, molar volume, and crystalline volume increases while the band gap decreases as Bi2O3 content increases. The band gap was found in the range of 1.63 eV to1.92 eV. Glass transition temperature (Tg) showed a decreasing trend but increased for a sample x=20 mol%. Various other calculated parameters include refractive index (n), molar refractivity (Rm), metallization criterion (M), electronegativity (χ), optical basicity and electron polarizability (αᵒ). The high refractive index values (2.77-2.92) and low metallization criterion (ranging from 0.286-0.310) observed across all samples indicate the potential suitability of these glasses for non-linear optical purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phishing assaults, in which the perpetrator masquerades as a legitimate source in order to obtain confidential material, are now a serious threat due to the rapid growth of online consumers damaging one's credibility, costing one's money, or infecting one's computer with spyware and perhaps other viruses. Due to their capacity to sift through large amounts of data in search of patterns that can be used to make predictions, intelligent approaches like ML & DL were finding growing usage in the realm of cybersecurity. In this study, we explore the efficacy of using such clever methods to identify phishing websites. We utilized two different data sets and picked the most highly linked attributes, which included both content-based and URL-lexical/domain-based characteristics. After that, many ML models were implemented, and their relative efficacy was assessed. The results demonstrated the significance of selecting features in raising the quality of the models. In addition, the findings attempted to determine the most useful factors that affect the model when it comes to recognizing phishing websites. When it came to classifying data, the Random Forest (RF) algorithm performed best across the board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the scientific community has shown significant interest in eliminating persistent organic dye pollutants from industrial effluents. The present work describes a simple, economic and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of CaO nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Piper betle. This green method also offers advantages of high efficiency and compatibility. The application of the synthesized material as photocatalyst for degradation of the dyes, Congo red (CR) and Malachite green (MG) were investigated. Influence of factors like time of irradiation, pH, amount of catalyst and initial dye concentration on degradation of dyes were assessed. The results showed that the catalyst could degrade 81.4% and 90% of Congo red and Malachite green respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that photodegradation of dyes followed pseudo-first order kinetics according to Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Scavenging studies revealed that •OH was the primary active species accountable for the photodegradation of dyes. The CaO nanoparticles exhibited excellent recyclability for both dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hassan et al. and Hdeib defined the concepts of θs-closure and ω-closure operators, respectively. In this article, we define a new closure operator called the semi-theta-omega closure operator (abbreviated (θs)ω-closure operator). We relate this new closure operator to existing operators, such as the usual closure, θ-closure, and θω-closure operators, and show the relationship between them. Also, to show that the (θs)ω-closure, θω-closure, and the usual closure operators are equivalent, we bring forth a number of sufficient conditions. Semi-theta-omega open sets (briefly (θs)ω-open sets) are a new class of open sets introduced using the (θs)ω-closure operator, and their relationship with various types of open sets is established. Moreover, the concept of connectedness has been defined and investigated by utilizing the (θs)ω-closure operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a new closure operator termed the (δs)ω-closure operator and relate it to the δω-closure, θω-closure, and the usual closure operators. By utilizing the (δs)ω-closure operator, a new class of open sets, namely (δs)ω-open sets, has been introduced, and their relationship with various types of open sets has been discussed. Then, we define different types of continuity, such as semi δs-continuity, semi (δs)ω-continuity, weakly δs-continuity, weakly (δs)ω-continuity, almost δs-continuity, and almost (δs)ω-continuity, and establish the relationship between them and with usual, almost, and weakly continuity. Additionally, several examples and counter examples are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its numerous uses in a variety of fields, researchers are very interested in the study of characterization and synthesis of Mn-Ni ferrites. A group of soft magnetic materials called Mn-Ni ferrites have excellent electrical, magnetic, and optical characteristics. High coercivity, saturation magnetization, permeability, permittivity, resistivity, low power losses, and permeability values are among the characteristics of Mn-Ni ferrites. Mn-Ni ferrites are useful because of their usage in different fields. These ferrites are useful in the biomedical area, in transducers, in electronic applications, transformers, and in inductors are all made using Mn-Ni ferrites. Additionally, magnetic fluids, sensors, and biosensors utilize these ferrites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel design of low observable microstrip antenna array using complementary split ring resonators (CSRR) as ground plane is presented in this paper for stealth application. By employing complementary split ring resonator on the ground plane of the proposed antenna array, RCS reduction is achieved. Conventional antenna array is designed and simulated for a frequency of 5.4GHz. As compared to the conventional microstrip antenna array, themonostatic RCS can be reduced as much as 26 dBsmm while preserving almost the same radiation characteristics. Finally, a prototype antenna array with CSRR is fabricated. Measured results acceptably agree with the simulated results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Laser based underwater communication is used as a best tool for mining the mysterious ocean atmosphere for gathering different types of information. Unmanned underwater vehicles are deployed underwater for this purpose. Laser based data transmission and reception gives a better way of communication utilizing the very interesting properties of it. Real time videos of Deep Ocean are captured using sensors and cameras and may be transferred to another UUV or equipment placed at land. This real time video transfer requires a feasible high speed with high data rate communication technique. This paper tries to implement a high speed underwater laser communication link by utilizing the USB based data transfer with the aid of lab-VIEW programming. The major objectives of the research are to study, compare the various underwater wireless technologies, design and development of UW laser communication link using USB based data transfer, to evaluate the communication link performance in varying simulated water conditions like pure, coastal and turbid waters, evaluate the link with data like text, images, audio and video files, bit Error rate analysis. Another objective is to introduce an IoUT concept with high data rate and low bit error rate. Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is defined as a network of smart interconnected underwater objects for monitoring/carrying out underwater operations. IoUT enables a system of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) communicating with each other, sensing, collecting and transmitting data to control centers above the surface at regular Internet speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advances in innovations of IoT and individual mobile phone facilities allow connecting the real world very easily. IoT can be used in different use cases. It would be starting from our home, connecting home appliances to the nearby grocery stores, connecting the people, things and objects using smart technology applications. All this happened because of increase in demand of internet that will collect, process it and exchange the information among all efficiently. It has created revolution all over the world and positively acting as an integral part of life. The IoT involves extending internet connectivity beyond standard devices such as desktops, laptops, smartphones, and tablets, to any range of traditionally dumb or non-internet enabled physical devices and everyday objects. The technology is embedded the devices and communicates the information all over the internet. All these information is remotely monitored and controlled. In this paper a method is proposed to Convert Non-Smart Devices into IoT Enabled devices. It is a cost effective method to control the non-smart devices through IoT communication technology. This is done using a microcontroller to convert a cheap or already installed electrical device into IoT Enabled devices. The Internet of Things can help make people's lives easier. IoT devices are usually very expensive. Moreover, homes that already have bulbs and devices installed which are not IoT enabled would find it very uneconomic to upgrade to ones that can be controlled. Therefore, Microcontrollers can help us control these devices without needing to actually have devices that are IoT enabled. These devices can be anything like a light bulb, a fan, or any other appliances controlled from a switchboard. These devices are used in an IoT smart home scenario, without any additional Bluetooth/Wi-Fi chips being installed. After experimentation, we demonstrated that such "non-smart" devices can be utilized in a "smart" home scenario with some modifications to the way they are connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent years, layered Nickelates are extensively studied in search of exotic quantum phases – low dimensional magnetism, charge density wave (CDW) and high temperature superconductivity (HTSC). La4Ni3O10 is one of the layered Nickelate in Ruddlesden-Popper series which shows a metal to insulator to metal (MIM) transition, characteristic of CDW formation. Often these kinds of MIM transitions are extremely sensitive to synthesis conditions. In this article, we have reported an optimized synthesis method for La4Ni3O10 which shows the MIM transition. Conventional solid state synthesis method proved to be ineffective for the synthesis of polycrystalline La4Ni3O10. Single phase polycrystalline samples of La4Ni3O10 were obtained from the citric acid method by a series of post annealing at higher temperatures. The stability of the synthesized La4Ni3O10 was studied up to highest temperature of 1250 oC. Powder X-ray diffraction, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Raman measurements of the annealed samples were carried out to establish phase stability. The phase pure La4Ni3O10 shows MIM transition below 140 K. The study shows how the annealing temperature affects the formation of single phase La4Ni3O10, synthesized through citric acid method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we report the synthesis of ZnWO4 nanoparticles by hydrothermal method. The crystallographic phase purity and homogeneity pattern of synthesized ZnWO4 nanoparticles are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The crystallite size along with the lattice strain is calculated using W-H plot and compared with that from Debye-Scherer formula. UV/VIS/NIR absorption spectroscopy is carried out and optical constants are evaluated. The micro morphology and composition of ZnWO4 are studied with FE-SEM and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of plant extracts for the synthesis of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have become very popular now a days on account of the simple green synthesis procedure and added functionalities provided to the nanoparticles by the plant extract. In the present investigation, aqueous leaf extract of Ficus religiosa is used for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles by the method of chemical co-precipitation. The phytochemicals in the plant extract act as reducing agents for precipitating iron nanoparticles from metallic salts of iron which gets oxidized to form Iron oxide nanoparticles. The iron oxide nanoparticles so formed are structurally characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopic (FTIR) measurements. From the XRD measurements, the spine! phase of iron oxide was identified and the crystallite size was estimated (10-20 nm). The FTIR spectra of the iron oxide nanoparticles prepared with plant extract and the plant extract powder are taken and the results are compared. The FTIR spectra showed the presence of plant extracts in the iron oxide nanoparticles. The highlight of the present work is the use of leaf extract in the place of non- biocompatible chemical reducing agent. In addition to this, the leaf extract coated iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using ferric/ferrous chlorides, sodium hydroxide and leaf extract. The two iron oxide samples were compared with the oleic acid coated iron oxide which was synthesized using ferric/ferrous salts, NaOH and oleic acid. Nanoparticles synthesized from plant part extracts have the additional advantage of being more biocompatible. The anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic and anti-cancerous properties of Ficus religiosa (Peepal tree) are famous which indicate the possible applications of these iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Design for Testability (DFT) scan design is an effective method to overcome issues in testing. VLSI suffers from excessive power consumption during testing due to increased switching activity. This paper proposes a methodology to minimize switching activity by reordering patterns [1] generated from test pattern generator (TPG). Reduction of switching activity is achieved by decreasing hamming distance among successive test patterns through prim's algorithm. Our proposed methodology is implemented in ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits without circuit altering. Experimental result shows an improvement of 54.5% in terms of switching activity with 100% fault coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of transportation problems may not be known precisely because of unpredictable circumstances in real life. Herein, fuzzy transportation problem with cost, supply and demand as triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers is considered and a method to solve that fully Intuitionistic Fuzzy Transportation Problems(FIFTP) is proposed, where the weights of the trader are provided in the form of Singularly Perturbed Delay Differential Equations (SPDDEs). The Trader weights are computed using the numerical solutions with a finite difference scheme on Shish kin mesh of SPDDEs. Finally, the new approach is illustrated by a numerical example and the solution is compared with the solution of existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this modern era of space flight dynamics, every nation wants to share its pride in developing one of the fastest flights and make its defense aircrafts the best. In designing the aircraft, wedges play a vital role in the optimization of the aircraft. Non-planar wedge configurations promise a significant role in aerodynamic efficiency. Analytical expressions have been obtained for derivatives in stiffness for an oscillating non-planar wedge in hypersonic flow in the Newtonian limit in the present investigation. Results have been plotted for various Mach numbers and varied positions of the pivot using these equations. It is observed that the value of stiffness derivative descends with added increment in the position of pivot for different incidence angles and fixed slope. The pattern is erratic for the lower angle of incidence, which is the variation of planform area and stalling of the flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stability derivatives for an ogive are obtained in the limiting case of the Mach number when it tends to infinity. The derivative in stiffness declines with the position of pivot for the whole extent of semi vertex angles. For half wedge angles from 20 to 25 degrees, there is a thoughtful expansion in the derivative of Stiffness. The derivative of damping declines through the pivot point for different directions of semi vertex and accomplishes a minimal value at h=0.75. Afterward, together with expansion in the pivot point, here is an in-direct augmentation in damping derivatives. There is a broad variation in the mathematical worth for more incredible semi vertex perspectives in the scope of 20 degrees and above. The derivative in Stiffness increases with the angle of semi vertex for different varied positions of the pivot. The derivative in damping with the angle of semi vertex for varied fixed positions of pivot supposedly increases directly with the angle of semi vertex. It is additionally seen that this pattern of linear increment will, in general, get non-direct for the angle of semi vertex in the extent of 20 degrees and past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism management and supervision of all activities related to the tourism and hospitality industry. This is to prepare the field with interest, experience, and training, catering, accommodation, tourism industry executives interdisciplinary. Tourism management may include such companies, organizationsand public institutions market potential tourists travel services. Tourism Management, all of the planned tourist, tourism, including those of major international journals, are related to the management. Tourism has together, include a plurality of activities to form one of the international industry which is the fastest growing in the world. Proposed Rational Unified Process (RUP), the tourism of international countries and regions, requires a multidisciplinary approach, including the sides of the plans and policies of particular management research. The contents of the magazine, its comprehensive approach - to reflect the main research papers, including, current issues, case studies, and book reviews of discussion. is for scholars and practitioners, and then select a result of at least two referees anonymously, commented the editor for their expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antenna design and improvement of efficiency is the main and developed field in the communication system. This is mainly because it covers traditional antenna design methods and does not generate any guarantees about the successful results of modern antenna complexity in terms of network topology and performance requirements for multiple source tracking. Although traditional antenna design methods are complemented by optimized design and many challenges, they remain in this field. The proposed Neural Network (NN) is implemented to effectively design the micro strip antenna to increase the gain and efficiency. The main process in antenna design optimization is increasing the available size and improving modern antenna design to increase the wide range of efficiency and multiple source tracking. This neural network technique first gets the input data and train; after that, the testing process is done. The work advances a review of the antenna design optimization using machine learning techniques to solve efficiency and optimization capability challenges and increase efficiency. The proposed method in this work will probably the future development of antennas for multiple applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In various fields of computer science the word meaning has been explored. In various fields such as Smart Environment, Distributed Computing and Contextual Consciousness, context conscious devices are in popularity. Context Aware System is the new path towards the technology in Mobile Computing. This is a portable computing component where mobile apps can detect spatial data (e.g. User Place, Period of Day, nearby people, locations and user activities). Now in the era of Mobile Computing, recently we have seen the new developments in Apple iPhone-5 and Samsung Galaxy Note where they have application of Context aware System but it is not that what we call a "Killer App". Context conscious System is an old field but a rich field of research. In this paper, the difficulties and possible solutions are discussed which can serve as guidance to the developer or a researcher hoping to make an efficient Context Aware System a reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A light weight concrete block using granulated corncob as an aggregate is investigated in this research work. Considering corn cob after removing the corn is said to be agricultural waste. Finding practical uses of this waste for manufacturing concrete block may preserve the environment and also allow green technologies. These concrete blocks are studied in terms of compressive strength, water absorption, density and unit weight were experimentally studied. The results obtained are submitted which shows that corn cob blocks have sufficient material properties for non-structural application in building for construction of partition walls. This is the alternative for blocks in expanded clay, expanded polystyrene, particles of cork, coconut coir etc. In this research a clay brick is compared as a reference block or control block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) can understand the undertaking of ship recognition on high-goal distant detecting pictures. In any case, bogus alerts brought about by transport like items ashore may lessen the precision and achievability of these DCNN-based identification systems. In our work, we propose a start to finish strategy called "scene cover R-CNN" to decrease coastal bogus cautions. As the organization part of scene division, the scene mask extraction network (SMEN) was creatively brought into the recognition system. The non-target region territory is joined with the construed scene veil to take out bogus applicant focuses in the non-target region. The new DCNN-based ship recognition component can keep up the discovery exactness, yet additionally viably stifle the bogus alerts of non-target targets. At last, the viability and adequacy of the strategy are checked on the ship informational collection created by high-goal optical distant detecting pictures precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current investigation, we have discussed the impact of viscous dissipation on the peristaltic motion of Carreau fluid through the tapered eccentric cylinders. We have also considered the incompressible Carreau fluid in between the two eccentric cylinders, here we have rigorous inner tube and tapered outer tube, and where the outer tube wall is subjected to a sinusoidal wave. The governing equation of continuity, momentum, and temperature are solved by applying analytic technique known as Homotopy Perturbation Method. The analytical determination of pressure rise and pressure gradients are achieved. The impacts of different specifications on temperature, pressure rise, and pressure gradient distributions are studied graphically. It is noticed that Diverging tapering attains more temperature as compared to converging tapering. Temperature increases with increase in Brinkman number Br. Pressure rise ΔPλ rises with rise in the Brinkman number (Br) as well as the increase in the azimuthal coordinate θ. Pressure gradient declines with rise in Brinkman number Br, and also noticed that there will be declination for rise in the value of δ0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work mainly aims to solve many problems in communicating in the lives of a person with vision impairment. Most of us face India today as the home for the biggest number of blind people in the world. Day by day, technology is mostly developed in mobile communication, which has an important function to play. Only visually challenged persons can read the message on the touch screen of the display in the messaging application. However, the system quality is not acceptable since the blind persons are unable to properly distinguish the text. Braille technology is still utilised for reading purposes solely by the blinds. In our method of reading and answering messages from visually challenged persons utilising our Braille system. Blind persons can reach the messaging application on mobile phones like ordinary people with Braille technology. At the same time, keypads employing one message per user can deliver the information via Message simply based on the keypad selections. This technology allows untrained individuals to utilise the messaging application on a mobile system and then to utilise GSM to communicate with Easily Blind People. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]