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Image watermarking has garnered a great deal of scholarly attention in recent years based on its excellent capability for offering copyright protection and information security. Based on innovative utilisation of multiple techniques for watermark insertion and extraction based on different technologies, a distinctive collection of calculations for copyrighting and safeguarding RGB images has been created in support of the goal of making watermarking more secure and durable. An overview of some prior research on the use of chaotic maps in the realm of watermarking is thus provided in this study, as such techniques' robustness assessed using chaotic maps. Chaotic maps have a number of appealing characteristics, including the fact that the chaotic sequence is drastically altered by even the smallest change in the initial conditions or system characteristics, a feature of chaotic maps that enables various secure transmission and effective watermarking techniques; however, the chaotic signal may easily be replicated by using the correct chaotic variables and starting materials, which thus form a secure private key. As watermark applications have become increasingly important in recent years and many ways to apply these have been developed, chaotic maps have become an essential part of this field; the numerous studies related to chaotic systems in watermarking are thus reviewed in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Laplace transform has been used to modify the iterative method, which is used to approximate the solutions of the fractional diffusion-wave equations (linear and nonlinear) analytically. The solution is imposed as an infinite series and its terms can be calculated using the iterative method. Through the behavior of these terms, it is possible to predict the exact solution of the equation in some cases, but if the behavior of these terms is not determined, the series can be cut and the solution is considered approximate. The Laplace transform has been used to remove the fractional operator and obtained the general form of iterative method. The convergence of these solutions were discussed according to the suggested method. To illustrate this method some examples were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was established to validate the use of edible fresh potato for the synthesis of nanocellulose. A green analytical method was performed to prepare nanoparticles extracted from potato through natural extraction and physical technical steps. In this procedure, there are no chemicals were used in any step. The structure and nanoparticles of nanocellulose was identified using a Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) Combined with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). It was found that the FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of amorphous (nanocrystalline) cellulose's structure by detecting several functional groups such as (-OH) broad (3100-3600 cm−1), (C-H) (2800-3000 cm−1), (C-H) symmetric bending (1400 cm−1), and (C–O–C) stretching (856 cm−1). The AFM images of cellulose confirm nanoparticles shape with diameter of granules (23.44 nm) and median diameter of granules (18 nm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholera disease is a major public health ongoing problem endemic in Iraq caused by Vibrio cholera. This study aims to determine the distribution of cholera among Al-Muthanna population from January 2015 to December 2020. The study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Stool samples were collected from patients with acute diarrhea admitted to Al-Hussain Teaching Hospital. Identification of Vibrio cholerae was carried out by conventional methods, biochemical tests and diagnostic kits. The highest rates of cholera were recorded in 2015 which were 3665(80%) while the lowest reported cases were 112 (2%) in 2019. According to gender, the percentage of cholera in females was 2512 (55%), which is more frequent than males [2098 (45%)]. Moreover, the highest number of cholera patients 1378 (29.9%) were found in the age group (15-24) years. While the lowest incidence of Cholera disease was in the age group more than 45 years which was 348 (7.5%). The current study revealed that the highest distribution of cholera was in October over the whole study years. In conclusion, Vibrio cholera is epidemic in Al-Muthanna province and the total infected cases were 4610 during five years. In 2015, the disease was at the highest levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]