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The results of an experimental and theoretical study of shock-wave processes and spall fracture in an ultrafine-grained and coarse-grained (α + β) Ti–Al–V–Mo alloy under the action of a nanosecond relativistic high-current electron beam are reported. Mathematical modeling is performed to show that when an electron beam with a power density of 1.65 × 1010 W/cm2 impacts this alloy, a shock wave with a compression amplitude of 13 GPa appears and its reflection gives rise to a tensile wave. Its amplitude increases with decreasing target thickness. The calculated increase in the thickness of the spalled layer at the rear surface of the target corresponds to the experimental data. It is established experimentally that plastic deformation precedes the spall fracture sequentially at three structural-scale levels. At the beginning pores are formed and merge, then microcracks are formed at different angles to the back surface of the target between the pores, and then a macrocrack is formed. As a result, the macrocrack surface is not smooth but exhibits pits of ductile fracture.

This work comprises a study of the influence of the pulse number of low-energy high-current electron beam (LEHCEB) exposure on the value and character of distribution of residual elastic stresses, texturing effects and the relationship between structural-phase states and physical and mechanical properties of the modified surface layers of TiNi alloy. LEHCEB processing of the surface of TiNi samples was carried out using a RITM-SP [3] installation. Energy density of electron beam was constant at Es = 3.9 ± 0.5 J/cm2; pulse duration was 2.8 ± 0.3 μs. The number of pulses in the series was changeable, (n = 2–128). It was shown that as the result of multiple LEHCEB processing of TiNi samples, hierarchically organized multilayer structure is formed in the surface layer. The residual stress field of planar type is formed in the modified surface layer as following: in the direction of the normal to the surface the strain component e⊥ 0 (tensile deformation). Texturing effects and the level of residual stresses after LEHCEB processing of TiNi samples with equal energy density of electron beam (∼3.8 J/cm2) depend on the number of pulses and increase with the rise of n > 10.This work comprises a study of the influence of the pulse number of low-energy high-current electron beam (LEHCEB) exposure on the value and character of distribution of residual elastic stresses, texturing effects and the relationship between structural-phase states and physical and mechanical properties of the modified surface layers of TiNi alloy. LEHCEB processing of the surface of TiNi samples was carried out using a RITM-SP [3] installation. Energy density of electron beam was constant at Es = 3.9 ± 0.5 J/cm2; pulse duration was 2.8 ± 0.3 μs. The number of pulses in the series was changeable, (n = 2–128). It was shown that as the result of multiple LEHCEB processing of TiNi samples, hierarchically organized multilayer structure is formed in the surface layer. The residual stress field of planar type is formed in the modified surface layer as following: in the direction of the normal to the surface the strain component e⊥ < 0 (compressing strain), and in a direction parallel to the surface, the strai...

The regularities of surface cratering in TiNi alloy irradiated with a low-energy, high-current electron beam (LEHCEB) in dependence on energy density and number of pulses are studied. LEHCEB processing of TiNi samples was carried out using RITM-SP facility. Energy density Es was varied from 1 to 5 J/cm2, pulse duration was 2.5–3.0 μs, the number of pulses n = 1–128. The dominant role of non-metallic inclusions [mainly, TiC(O)] in the nucleation of microcraters was found. It was revealed that at small number of pulses (n = 2), an increase in energy density leads both to increasing average diameter and density of microcraters. An increase in the number of pulses leads to a monotonic decrease in density of microcraters, and, therefore, that of the proportion of the area occupied by microcraters, as well as a decrease in the surface roughness. The multiple LEHCEB melting of TiNi alloy in crater-free modes enables to form quasi-periodical, hierarchically-organized microsized surface structures.