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To gain a greater understanding of the response of materials to shock (or any other mode of loading) it is often beneficial to start from a simple, well controlled state. In this case, we investigate chemically pure single crystals with known loading orientations, namely (100), (110) and (111). The materials chosen are typical of FCC and BCC metals; respectively aluminium and tantalum. Microstructural and mechanical analysis of recovered samples after shock loading show how changing the loading orientation of the single crystal can have a major effect on microstructural development and post shock mechanical properties such as shock hardening and work hardening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-depth research on hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HyFRC), a substance with potential applications in structural engineering, is presented in this article. We examine the flexural characteristics of HyFRC, a composite made of steel, glass, and polypropylene fibres, with an eye towards how different fibre combinations affect the mechanical properties of concrete. To assess HyFRC's efficacy, a comprehensive experimental programme was run. At a total fibre volume fraction of 0.75%, the results demonstrated a noticeably higher compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength when steel and polypropylene fibres were combined. Effective fracture control allows the concrete to survive higher compressive loads, increasing compressive strength by up to 27% compared to non-fibrous control concrete. A crucial component of concrete performance, the splitting tensile strength in HyFRC was significantly increased thanks to the interaction between steel and polypropylene fibres. Along with better ductility, controlled fracture propagation, and greater strain capacity, HyFRC also shown these properties. The HyFRC also showed a significant increase in flexural strength, making it a suitable material for structural uses, particularly when combined with steel and polypropylene fibres. The features of the load-deflection demonstrated ductile behaviour, in stark contrast to the brittle failure seen in the control concrete. Concurrent with experimental study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model with a remarkable total efficiency of 99.84% was developed, allowing precise predictions of flexural strength based on concrete composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study article emphasises the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model while utilising cutting-edge machine learning techniques to provide a thorough investigation into the subject of predicting the development of construction and demolition trash. For urban planners and environmentalists, the efficient management of building waste is a critical issue given global trends towards growing urbanisation. We carefully preprocessed the sizeable historical data sets from Shanghai and Hong Kong used in this study to ensure quality and representativeness. The study compares the LSTM model to machine learning techniques like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Random Forests (RF), and Support Vector Machines (SVM). When the model's ability to predict is thoroughly examined, it is clear that the LSTM routinely outperforms its competitors in terms of precision, F1 score, recall, and accuracy. Our findings also show how cutting-edge machine learning has the revolutionary potential to solve waste management and urban planning issues. LSTM and similar models provide a practical way to lessen environmental impact and lower waste disposal costs in urban settings by maximising resource allocation and promoting sustainable waste management practises. The ongoing discussion about garbage disposal in structures and sustainable urban development is furthered by this effort. It demonstrates the significance of LSTM and modern machine learning algorithms in transforming waste management paradigms and ultimately pointing us in the direction of a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photonic thermometry has to date mainly been based on passive silicon platforms, necessitating the use of external light sources and detection making the systems complex, expensive, and cumbersome. In this study, we investigate the potential of using III-V semiconductor alloys as the foundation for active photonic thermometry which offers the potential of embedding both the light source and detection functions on the same chip as the photonic temperature sensor. In particular, we focus on the use of quantum heterostructures based on the well-established indium gallium arsenide phosphide (InGaAsP)/InP alloys which also enable operation at the standard (telecoms) wavelengths (around 1550 nm). This initial study focuses on firstly establishing the temperature dependence of the III-V semiconductors' refractive indices using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements, and secondly, modelling of the resonator functionality for temperature sensing. We find that the variation in changes of the refractive index with respect to the temperature, (dn/dT) ×10-4 (/°C), of the indium phosphide (InP), gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium phosphide (GaP), and indium arsenide (InAs) binaries are 1.92 ± 0.06, 2.40 ± 0.06, 1.23 ± 0.02 and, 1.9 ± 0.2, respectively at the wavelength of 1550 nm within the temperature range from 25 °C to 200 °C. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) optical modelling of InGaAsP/InP quantum well heterostructures and ring resonators using the refractive index measurement data demonstrates the potential of using this platform for use in active photonic thermometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study's objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of Logistic Regression and Linear Regression algorithms in enhancing the precision of semiconductor circuit health estimation. Two separate teams were examined: one utilizing Linear Regression and the other employing a novel Logistic Regression approach. The study employed a G-Power value of 80%, an alpha level of 0.05, and a beta level of 0.2. Statistical analysis utilizing an independent samples t-test, with a significant p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), confirmed the hypothesis validity based on a random sample of 20 iterations for each group. SPSS analysis revealed an accuracy of 96.17% for the Novel Logistic Regression technique and 90.77% for the Linear Regression method. These accuracy rates were deemed remarkable, indicating notable performance differences between the two algorithms. Consequently, the findings suggest that in predicting semiconductor device health, the Logistic Regression approach outperforms Linear Regression, which achieved an accuracy of 90.77%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study's goal is to manage the voltage gain in the Buck converter by changing the input voltage using a traditional FL controller and a turned fuzzy logic (TFL) controller. TFL control and Fuzzy Logic control are implemented to identify the changes in voltage gain under varying input voltage conditions. In this study, 14 samples were used, and the sample size was determined using the Gpower software for two groups. G power is assumed to be 0.8. According to the results, The Buck Converter in Novel Turned Fuzzy Logic control has a greater gain in the output voltage of 1.5614 V for the selected data than classical analysis, but a lower output voltage gains of 1.4114 V. The uncorrelated population value of 0.0012 (p<0.05) is significant. The simulation results show that utilizing TFL instead of the FL controller implies greater authority over output power across a board range. The MATLAB-Simulink application drives these procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis examines the surface current of a dualband antenna across both novel RT duroid and FR4 substrates, focusing on frequency swing between 1 GHz and 3 GHz, with a particular emphasis on the 2.8 GHz frequency band. The comparison involved examining the surface current density of a dual-band proposed antenna (7.240e+000) against that of an RT duroid substrate (2.8 GHz), with the swing frequency ranging between 1 GHz and 3 GHz, within the High Frequency structure simulator environment. The sample size. The surface current analysis reveals that the novel RT duroid substrate exhibits the highest surface current (7.9240e+000), while the FR4 substrate demonstrates the lowest surface current density (1.7325e+000) among the dual-band proposed antenna configurations. Notably, the significance value for the novel RT duroid substrate is 0.001, specifying statistical significance (p<0.05). At the frequency of 2.8 GHz, the surface current density is notably higher in the novel RT duroid substrate (7.9240e+000) related to the dualband antenna with FR4 substrate (1.7325e+00). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the material machining by improving various input conditions promotes the functional stability of the component with high reliability and claims goodwill to the concern. The primary objective of this research is to experimentally examine how much materials can be removed with the help of a CNC turning center with respect to unit time from the material of Aluminum alloy Al-Si12CU by selecting of suitable tool or tool coating. Silicon Insert is conventionally employed (Control group) and WCC-coating on it is proposed (experimental group). A cylindrical bar of Al-Si12CU alloy, with dimensions 50mm in diameter and 20mm long the workpiece. The Control group workpieces (the predicted number of sample machining on workpieces with 80% G power setting was 20 for each group) were machined under the same working conditions with uncoated Silicon nitride inserts whereas the experimental group samples were machined with WCC-coated silicon nitride inserts. The material removal rate (MRR) calculated for machining the Al-Si12CU alloy was according to ASTM standards. The observations of MRR were statistically tested, the average performance by the coated tool was 1.801 mm3/min whereas it was for the uncoated tool 1.624 mm3/min. The probability of error was 0.3% and it was less than 5%. The observations are acceptable, and the proposed tool has significantly high performance in terms of MRR. This suggests that the WCC-coated silicon nitride inserts outperform the uncoated ones in terms of MRR. The findings affirm the effectiveness of the experimental design and highlight the substantial variance between the two groups. In summary, this investigation demonstrates that using WCC-coated silicon nitride inserts leads to a higher MRR when turning Al-Si12CU alloy compared to uncoated silicon nitride inserts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data aggregation in this research is centred on transforming data or reducing redundant data accumulation. Edge computing capacity is being used by management to decrease costs by removing redundancy. In order to enhance energy efficiency and reduce waste, this research suggests a Vertical Farm design. Both traditional and cutting-edge system applications are founded on the principle of maximising efficiency in the development of sophisticated control environments. Modern agriculture is undergoing a sea change, with the concept of vertical farming emerging as the wave of the future. The tension between ecological, social, and economic sustainability must be resolved, and vertical farming provides the answer. In order to maintain accurate sensing, a plethora of sensors were used in vertical farming. It takes a lot of energy for these sensors. We suggest this strategy to lessen the load on sensors' power sources. The idea behind our project is to gather data from sensors and then 'delay' the most energy-hungry ones. Sending a delay tells the sensor to minimise its output, which in turn reduces its power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical constituents of a plant extract exhibit significant contributions to its antioxidant activity. The phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of the fresh leaves of Clerodendrum Infortunatum Linn showed the presence of gallic acid as the key component for antioxidant activity. The work highlights the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Clerodendrum Infortunatum by employing different antioxidant assays and analytical techniques. The methanolic extract shows moderate antioxidant effects from the leaves of the plant. The structural elucidation of the compound was carried out by infrared and nuclear magnetic spectroscopic analysis. The analytical evaluation of the plant extract was performed using different phytochemical assays and electrochemical investigation by cyclic voltammetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the stress-strain state of a buried pipeline in a viscoelastic medium under the influence of harmonic waves is considered. Here much attention is paid to the long-wavelength and low-frequency analysis and dynamic behavior of a long cylindrical shell (continuous pipeline) located in a viscoelastic medium. The relationship between stress and strain satisfies the hereditary Boltzmann-Voltaire integral. The equations of motion of the environment satisfy the Lame equations with operator coefficients. The conditions of rigid (or sliding) contact are set on the contact. At infinity, the Sommerfeld radiation conditions are set. Techniques and an algorithm for the analytical solution of the problem have been developed. Based on the shell theory, it is shown that the dynamic forces of the hoop and axial stresses arising in the shell due to longitudinal (or transverse) traveling harmonic waves depend significantly on the ratio of the stiffness of the pipe and the surrounding soil. The results of stresses and forces, respectively, in the environment and the shell, depending on the direction of the incident waves, are presented for various values of Poisson's ratios and stiffnesses of soil and pipe materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the most commonly used Deep Learning (DL) based techniques for estimating the wireless channel at the User Equipment (UE). The generalized Nakagami-m fading distribution is considered for deep learning network. The motive of this work is to provide an experimental investigation on the wireless channels using three different deep-feed forward neural networks, namely Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Convolution Neural Networks (CNN). The analysis includes the preprocessing approach for handling complex received signals as one of the inputs and actual channel coefficients as output. Bit Error Rate (BER) performance analysis is performed and is compared with the classical LS estimator. It is demonstrated that DL channel estimation outperforms the Least Square (LS) based estimation, and simulation results support that DL-based channel estimation is very efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial neural networks have been applied extensively in recent years due to their excellent performance in pattern recognition, which is useful for detecting damage in structural elements. The application of multiple damage cases by an ensemble neural network using dynamic parameters of structure is very limited. Therefore, in this paper, an ensemble neural network based on damage identification techniques was developed and applied for damage localization and severity identification of quad-point damage cases in I-beam structure. Experimental modal analysis and finite element simulation were carried out for I-beam with four-point damage cases to generate the modal parameters of the structure. Based on the results, it is found that the ensemble neural networks achieve a high detecting accuracy and good robustness of quad-point damage cases in I-beam structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, experimental study for the chaotic dynamics of a quantum well semiconductor laser (SL) (1310 nm wavelength) with anoptical loop mirror is investigated. The spikesareintroduced by configuring this external cavity type. Making one arm from this cavity be attenuated led to retardation for it. Disturbance in longitudinal lasing mode resulted in chaotic spectrum. Bandwidth for this signal is very limited and changeable under the attenuation ratio. In comparison to pure optical feedback, the achieved signal is lower and evolved from kHz band (in 4.3 v bias voltage) to MHz band (with higher voltages i.e., 4.7 and 4.8 volt). The first range included 300% higher amplitudes for the lasing modes, while the later was equivalent to the random like signal amplitudes. Such a range can be employed for laser wavelength fine tuning applications with the benefit of not disturbing the laser medium. This results opens the door for mixing resulted signal with another oneprimary subjects to pure optical feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Photoluminescence (PL) analysis of rare earth Dy ion activated fluoride material base phosphor are prepared by synthesis of combustion route and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), by Photoluminescence (PL) techniques & CIE coordinate with color purity properties have been reported. In the photoluminescence excitation spectrum of prepared Ba2Zn7F18: Dy phosphor shows excitation peaks from ranging 250 nm to 400 nm due to 4f → 4f transitions of Dy3+ ions. In the PL emission spectrum of Dy3+ ion under the 348 nm excitation, it gives two bands i.e. Photoluminescence emission at 482 nm (in blue region) due to its transition 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and at 574 nm (yellow region) emission and its due to 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions give blue-yellow emissions. The 300 nm to 400 nm wavelength range is commonly used in solid-state lighting phosphors as a mercury-free excitation source. Dysprosium-doped materials have been found to exhibit highly efficient photoluminescence (PL) properties, making them excellent candidates for use as white light emitting diodes (LEDs) or solid-state lighting phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here in this presented work structural, electronic and optical properties of Janus MInS2 have been studied by using first principle calculation. The optimization is done by applying vacuum in z direction. MInS2 has the hexagonal structure. MInS2 has shown the semiconductor behavior. InS, AlInS2 has indirect bandgaps where BInS2 has direct bandgap. The MInS2 is dynamically stable. Total density of state (TDOS) and projected density of state (PDOS) are also calculated for MInS2. From real, imaginary part of the dielectric function optical absorption coefficient is calculated has shown absorption in UV region. Both AlInS2 and BInS2 has shown enhancement in absorption of light. and which shows the potential application in optoelectronic devices and its applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic feasibility of soil chemical stabilisation and asphalt crumb rubber (CR) modification in flexible pavement has not been investigated in recent research. It had been accomplished in this paper by comparing a conventional section comprised of unbound sub-base, unbound roadbase and conventional hot-mix asphalt (HMA) wearing course with a non-conventional section comprised of chemically-stabilised sub-base, unbound roadbase and CR-modified (CRM) HMA wearing course. The thickness of each layer in the two sections was determined using California bearing ratio (CBR) design chart and the cost of construction material was determined using the layer thickness and local material unit cost. The investigation concluded that sub-base stabilisation with 3% Portland composite cement (PCC) and wearing course modification with 1% CR resulted in the thinnest and most economical non-conventional section when compared to the conventional section. Sub-base stabilisation with 1% styrene-butadiene latex copolymer (TP) resulted in the thickest and costliest non-conventional pavement section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are limited previous investigations on the contributory factors to the relationship between California bearing ratios (CBR) of top and bottom surfaces of chemically stabilised sandstone samples. The aim of this paper is to consider three of these factors: gradation, stabilisation type and soaking condition. Three sandstone gradations of different gravel-to-sand ratios were considered: 2.1, 1.2 and 0.4. Four stabilisation types were inspected: unstabilised, cement-stabilised, polymer-stabilised and polymer-cement stabilised. Two soaking conditions were examined: unsoaked and 4-day soaked. The conclusions from the investigation were: (1) CBR values of samples increased with increasing G:S ratios, (2) cement stabilisation provided the greatest CBR values and this was followed by polymer-cement and lastly, polymer, (3) bottom surfaces of unsoaked samples generally had greater CBR values than those of top surfaces, and the opposite was true for soaked samples and (4) bottom surfaces of the samples were more sensitive to soaking than top surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major tasks of the water distribution board of the Government is the supply of potable water to its vicinity. In order to do that efficiently and avoid the wastage of this precious resource, smart water supply management plays a crucial role. Presently, around 50% of potable water distributed to the city goes waste. There is an enormous difference between the amount of water released by the board and the amount of water consumers receive due to an unorganized water distribution management system. The water distribution boards present in the country lack an efficient mechanism to control the nonrevenue water. 30% of the potable water becomes nonrevenue water because of leakage of water or overfilling of water tanks. In this context, to avoid the wastage of water, the Internet of Things (IoT) acts as a remarkable tool to manage the potable water distribution more effectively. In this paper, architecture for Potable water distribution monitoring system is described and designed to check the potable water supply in the city using Internet of Things. Moreover, the proposed design describes its application by monitoring the potable water supply by the authorized water distribution board and sends notification messages to the registered mobile of the consumer just to avoid the wastage of potable water and also improve the quality of services of the water distribution system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCXI) techniques employ both X-ray refraction and attenuation to generate image contrast, and are therefore capable of forming high-quality images of weakly attenuating samples, for example, soft-tissues in mammography. Propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PB-PCXI) is an especially simple PCXI technique as it requires no additional precision optics in the experimental set-up, and hence can be easily implemented in numerous disciplines. We recently published a PB-PCXI algorithm capable of extracting the real, δ, and imaginary, β, refractive index components of composite materials within an unknown sample [1]. This was previously applied to PB-PCXI data collected using a synchrotron facility where the X-ray wavefield was monochromatic, highly coherent, and paraxial. Within this work, we have validated, and further extended, this approach by applying it to PB-PCXI data collected using a conventional laboratory X-ray source that produces a polychromatic, relatively temporally incoherent and divergent wavefield. We demonstrate that our previously published phase and attenuation extraction algorithm can be applied to biological tissue sample data collected using such a laboratory X-ray source, thereby broadening the applicability of this algorithm. A link to a repository is provided, where a Python3 script implementing this approach can be downloaded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study involved three medicinal plants Polyalthia bullata, Polyalthia rumphii and Antiaris toxicaria (P. bullata, P. rumphii and A. toxicaria) were extracted with three different polarities solvents; methanol (MeOH), hexane, and dichloromethane (DCM). The phytochemicals were screened according to classical chemical methods. The study involved the antibacterial activities against six bacterial species as well. The outcomes of the present study showed, out of the 17 chemical groups only 10 of them were present in all three plant species analyzed. It is evident from the study that P. rumphii showed highest curative activity possessing majority of phytoconstituents classes of compounds and A. toxicaria was lowest therapeutic efficacy due didn't found all of Phytochemical classes compounds. The plant extracts showed inhibitory activities against all the tested organisms. Because these plants possess chemical compounds with high biological and therapeutic efficacy, Efforts should be directed to make use of the therapeutic and biological activity of these plants. The use of quantitative analysis of these phytoconstituents creates an important area for further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permeability is one of the essential petrophysical properties of rocks, reflecting the rock's ability to pass fluids. It is considered the basis for building any model to predict well deliverability. Yamama formation carbonate rocks are distinguished by sedimentary cycles that separate formation into reservoir units and insulating layers, a very complex porous system caused by secondary porosity due to substitute and dissolution processes. Those factors create permeability variables and vary significantly. Three ways used for permeability calculation, the firstly was the classical method, which only related the permeability to the porosity, resulting in a weak relationship. Secondly, the flow zone indicator (FZI) was divided reservoir into two regions according to the bore throat and find correlation between them. Due to the lack of the core samples obtained in reservoir units, the correlations result were poor also. Thirdly, multilinear regression (MLR) was used to connect the logs and the variables that had the most significant influence on the calculated transmittance. It found the better match from other methods. Conclude that permeability was altering from very low in the insulator areas to medium in the reservoir units, which was characterized by cracks and fissures, which played an essential role in the permeability magintude. The importance of research is obtain permeability of wells in un-cored locations by used core data and well logs, which considered input for any geological and dynamic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatments of plasma waves usually assume homogeneity, but the parallel gradients ubiquitous in plasmas can modify wave propagation and absorption. We derive a quasilocal inhomogeneous correction to the plasma dielectric for arbitrary distributions by expanding the phase correlation integral and develop a novel integration technique that allows our correction to be applied in many situations and has greater accuracy than other inhomogeneous dielectric formulas found in the literature. We apply this dielectric tensor to the lower-hybrid current drive problem and demonstrate that inhomogeneous wave damping does not affect the lower-hybrid wave's linear damping condition, and in the non-Maxwellian problem damping and propagation should remain unchanged except in the case of waves with very large phase velocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a key enabling technology for the rapid production of complex radio-frequency (RF) structures used in lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) launchers. Glenn Research Copper 84 (GRCop-84), a Niobium Chromide (Cr2Nb) 8 at. % Cr, 4 at. % Nb precipitation hardened alloy, is suitable for AM with Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), achieving 99.5% density, Ra=3-4 µm surface roughness, yield strength of 470 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 710 MPa in as-printed condition. AM of a high field side (HFS) lower LHCD launcher from GRCop-84 alloy demonstrated several critical advancements in AM of RF launchers. Waveguides with a pentagonal cross-section were designed to support the top internal waveguide surface with 45-degree chamfers from the sidewall, eliminating collapse of the ceiling, while maintaining RF properties near identical to a rectangular cross section. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing) consolidated residual voids within the material, increasing density from 99.5% to 100%. Chemical-Mechanical Polishing (CMP) reduced residual surface roughness from the L-PBF process to Ra=0.1 µm / Rq=0.4 µm to lower RF losses. Advancements in L-PBF for the AM of copper alloys have increased the maximum build volume from 250x250x300mm on the Concept Laser M2 printer to 400x400x400mm on the EOS M400 printer. This increased build volume now enables monolithic AM of complete LHCD launchers with integrated cooling channels that eliminate the time-consuming laser welding assembly of launcher segments previously required by the smaller build volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) is a key technology necessary for plasma heating, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability control such as those from Neoclassical Tearing Modes (NTM) and for EC assisted startup in Tokamaks. Currently, gyrotrons are the only proven vacuum tube technology that can generate sufficient power in continuous wave operation at the frequency of ∼350 GHz needed for next generation fusion devices. As a proof of concept, analysis of a 225 GHz, 1 MW gyrotron is being pursued. High frequency gyrotrons operate with high order cavity modes and the design limit for thermal loading on the cavity walls is currently ∼3 kW/cm2. The ohmic heat load on the cavity increases quadratically with frequency. Hence, advanced heat removal techniques will allow operation at higher frequencies without the need for going to extremely high order modes that bring increased risk of mode competition. Here we will present a novel additively manufactured (AM) electron collector and analysis of life enhancing concepts including non-cylindrical cooling channels, helical cooling channels, segmented hot wall, and electron beam sweeping to increase the heat removal from the collector. Implementation of these concepts can lead to >50% reduction in maximum stress in the collector, thus increasing the life of the collector. The choice of AM for fabrication presents opportunities for incorporating these unique geometries in a cost effective, monolithic geometry that eliminates complex joining and machining and reduces part count. We will present our studies of AM collector geometries based on GRCop-42 alloy. This is a promising path for reducing the size of the device and thus the overall cost of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of a short-pulse, 2.5 MW transmitter operating at 120 MHz for high-magnetic field fusion plasmas is described and experimentally characterized. The transmitter discussed here can be comprised alternatively of a tetrode-based Driver, or a Solid-State-Amplifier (SSA), either of which then excites a tetrode-based Final Power Amplifier (FPA). The FPA is a modified 80 MHz, fixed frequency FMIT (Fusion Materials Irradiation Test) amplifier. Analyses and experimental modifications made to match and operate the transmitter at high power at 120 MHz are described. The final output cavity design was significantly reduced in size for the shorter wavelength and validated through high power operation with the actual tetrode. The experimental schematic, setup, and results of the Driver and FPA output power, gain, bandwidth, efficiency, and frequency range are discussed. Differences between the Driver and SSA exciting the FPA are identified. Future work is also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency (ICRF) heating systems are anticipated to be a primary auxiliary heating source in next step fusion tokamak experiments. For high field devices, multi-megawatt ICRF sources above 100 MHz will be required since the ion resonance frequency scales with magnetic field. In this project, we seek to develop a 2 MW, 120 MHz RF source that incorporates a single solid-state amplifier stage (SSA) with a final power amplifier (FPA) utilizing the 4CM2500KG tetrode since it previously achieved 1.7 MW for 5.4 s at 131 MHz [1]. The plan is to modify a fixed 80 MHz Fusion Material Irradiation Test (FMIT) [2] system which is a three-stage amplifier with a 10 kW solid-state initial power stage (IPA) and two consecutive tetrode-based amplifier stages. Based upon C-Mod experience, a single SSA driver offered increased modularity, decreased operational cost, and higher reliability. From the output power perspective, the most restrictive limitation is the FPA tube screen power dissipation thus we sought a plate impedance between 50-70 Ω to minimize the screen current. With an input impedance of 2.7-4 Ω, a full surrogate dummy tube was manufactured to allow exploration of the existing cavity matching range and guide modifications. As expected, the cavities required significant reduction. Using short pulses (<1 ms) and a modified 4CW100000E based driver tetrode, the 120 MHz FMIT has achieved 1.7 MW with reasonable screen current, 4 A, into a matched load. Based on previous reported results, the tube is not near its operating limits [1]. The primary limitation has been the driver and further optimization of the tube-based driver or integration of the SSA offer paths to higher performance. For the SSA, the required performance is dependent upon the gain of the FPA and tolerance to reflected power from the FPA. Based on reported FPA tube operations, a gain factor of 12-14 is expected corresponding to required drive power of 140 - 165 kW to achieve 2 MW output from FPA. We selected a SSA from Cryoelectra that combines ten 20 kW modules for 175 kW output power with VSWR of <1.33. If greater drive power or reflected power tolerance is required, an additional 40 kW can be added without significant design modification. Since the market for tube-based transmitters has been drastically reduced, one of the critical challenges is to secure the tube supply chain. The most critical elements are the pyrolytic screen and control grids. We embarked on a grid deposition, machining and laser cutting development with a goal to create 3 sets of grids for the 4CM2500KG. We obtained acceptable control grids after a few attempts; however, the screen grids required additional adjustments to obtain reliable screen grids. The latest simulations, design and system performance will be presented. Work supported by the MIT Energy Initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoluminescence (PL) and optical properties for the samarium doped calcium aluminate based (Ca2Al2O5:Sm3+) phosphor studied and would be good potential candidate for state lighting. The conventional simple combustion method were used to synthesis the given phosphor Ca2Al2O5:Sm3+ for 1 mole%. PL emission performance with an excitation energy of 409 nm, peaks located at 520–670 nm due to the Sm3+ intra-configurational (f-f) transition. Based on the results, prepared compound Ca2Al2O5:Sm3+ phosphors exhibit great potential may be applicable as a LED to enhance the efficiency for solid state lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ca4Al14O25:Dy3+phosphor was synthesized by combustion synthesis. Photoluminescence (PL) characterization employed to characterize their luminescent properties. Under ultraviolet excitation with a wavelength of 347 nm, phosphor shows blue and yellow emission, which were probably attributed to the transitions from 4F9/2 excited state to 6H15/2 and 6H13/2 ground states of Dy3+ ions. As the yellow emission is more intense and dominant over the blue emission Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum then the Dy3+ is located at low symmetry local site. The Photoluminescence (PL) results suggest that prepared phosphor might be applicable in solid state lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We all know how difficult it can be for parents to properly feed their children, especially if both parents are employed. The next intolerant thing is to give someone 24 hours. As a result, must devise something special that will assist parents in providing constant care and monitoring for their children. As a result, came up with the idea of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Cradle System that will allow parents to keep tabs on their children even while they are away from home and track their every move. The cradle system is innovative, smart, and safe for taking care of a baby quickly. This method includes all of the tiniest features required for the baby's care and safety while in the cradle. It also includes several features that will help parents keep tabs on their newborns and keep them informed about how they're doing. An eight-day-old baby died in the Darbhanga district of Bihar's government hospital's neo-natal urgent care unit, allegedly from rat bites. The incident was made public when the mother went to breastfeed the baby in the morning. The incident occurred after the workers at the Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital (DMCH), located around 145 kilometres east of Patna, had gone home for the evening. The parents were natives of Madhubani's Najra town. They claimed that the baby's death was caused by a rat bite because blood was seeping from the boy's toes and fingers, which had been injured and scarred. Everyone at the hospital has a distinct reason for wanting to keep such an incident from happening again. However, it was completely ignored by the parents. They stated that the child was admitted to the hospital in a severe condition and that only the therapy had been unsuccessful so far. However, the wounds discovered on the infant's body prove that the occurrence occurred as a result of the hospital administration's negligence. Because of the lack of infant monitoring, horrific occurrences like these occur all the time, not just in one hospital. This Smart Cradle with Intruder Alert System will be an effective defence against such occurrences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the question of fuzzy modeling and situations analysis technology security of complex industrial objects and decision-making tor their control ill the lace of uncertainty and vagueness of the initial information on the basis of the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. One of the main directions of the organization of industrial production is to ensure the safety of technological processes (TP), which is largely determined by compliance with safety requirements, timely determination of conditions and diagnostics of technological equipment and units, as well as their effectiveness in various situations arising in the technological cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study includes the preparation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by hydrothermal method at temperature about 200 ͦ C. The starting materials are ferrocene and sulfur with sodium hydroxide as a reducing agent. The purification process of prepared MWCNT is carried out by using nitric and sulfuric acids as long as hydrogen peroxide and acetone. The structural and optical properties of MWCNTs are investigated by the FT-IR, TEM, XRD and UV-VIS characterization techniques. The d-spacing is 3.42 Ǻ from XRD, the bandgap about 4eV to 3.7eV from optical calculation, the average ID and OD are respectively, 34nm and 52nm from TEM measurements with the length of (0.7-1)µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical stainless steel is a grade of stainless steel used in biomedical applications. It has been widely used for orthopedic implants and surgical tools. Surgical steels are those with the best amount of corrosion and rust resistance. In addition to the stainless-steel corrosion resistance, some of it's alloys (316, 316L, 304 and 17-4 PH stainless steels) have additional properties that encouraged using them in surgical applications such as good biocompatibility, low risk for allergic reaction, ability to withstand intense sterilization processes used in the medical industry, oxidation resistant as well excellent tensile strength and fracture toughness. In this comparative study, these four stainless steel alloys have been mechanically tested to prove their effectiveness in a surgical tool used in aligning tibial component in knee replacement surgery. A load of 100N has been applied to the tool in maximum mechanical condition. The mechanical testing performed using ANSYS 19.0 as static structural system. Total deformation resulted was in the range (0.062-0.065 mm). Strain was in the range (0.79×10-3 to 0.82×10-3). Equivalent stresses were between 143.87 MPa to maximally 144 MPa for 304 alloy. Safety factor of 17-4PH stainless steel produced after analyzing it was 5.3169 while the other three alloys had a minimum safety factor of approximately 1.4. Yield strength and resulted safety factor proved that 17-4 PH stainless steel was the superior among the tested alloys. High safety factor means high durability of the metallic tool. Yet all alloys produced convergent deformation, strain and stress results. The differences between the four tested alloys were moderate and the numerical values were acceptable compared to the mechanical properties of the alloys. It can be concluded that these four alloys can be used safely to manufacture such surgical tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphors are the best source and one of the types of light emitting materials that show the better signs of the proper occurrence of the emanation of luminescence; it emanates the light whilst exposed properly and finely to some sort of the radiant energy. The Eu2+ activated barium hexafluorosilicate phosphors were properly prepared using the standard low temperature solution combustion methodology using the urea as an appropriate fuel. The as grown phosphor is better identified for the component of elements present by the customised peaks present in the powder XRD pattern, the filter utility of the entitled phosphor is analyzed for the best comparable 3 variations such as pelletized macro, thin film and nano sample of BaSiF6:Eu2+ and is the scope and representation for filter domain and in the microelectronics sectors, the tribological-mechanical work for industries. BaSiF6:Eu2+ sample is used for the opto-electronics field in electronic sectors and in tribological industries for mechanical domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]