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Previous research of groups stated that combination of snakehead fish (Channa striata) and Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) have the potential to develop as antihyperglycemic in the therapy of diabetes mellitus. In order to evaluate safety aspect with parameters liver and kidney function in community, this research was conducted in healthy respondents. Design of the research is quasi-experimental with pre and post-test design. Determination of liver and kidney functions was performed at Private Hospital in Boyolali, Central Java. Thirty healthy volunteers were involved in this study. Liver and kidney function, before and after treatment were statistically analysed using paired t-test. The results showed no significant differences were obtained in the examination of liver and kidney function on healthy volunteers before and after treatment on days 0 and 30 (p> 0.05). This study concluded that the combination formula of snakehead fish powder and bitter melon extract did not showed toxicity in liver and kidney function [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Snakehead fish is high in albumin content with a relatively low price so that it can be used as a substitute for Human Serum Albumin (HSA). One of the innovations to increase consumer acceptance of snakehead fish concentrate products is the manufacture of food supplements in liquid form (syrup) with the addition of fructose and flavor. One type of flavor that is quite popular with many people is chocolate. Chocolate is highly favorable for both children to adults because of its delicious taste and distinctive aroma. The objective of this research was to produce a dispersion protein concentrate product of snakehead fish that consumers prefer. The stages of this study consisted of two steps, namely determining the formulation of concentrate protein dispersion of snakehead fish and characterizing the optimal formula for the dispersion of snakehead fish protein concentrate. Analysis of the chemical properties of the best formulation of concentrate protein dispersion of snakehead fish showed the content of water, ash, crude protein, dissolved protein, and fat as follows; 85.14%, 0.32%, 5.26%, 87.59%, 0.27%, respectively. The pH value ranged from 5.18 to 6.07. The physical properties analysis of viscosity, phase separation ratio, re-dispersibility, and particle size of the snakehead fish dispersion protein were 4.20 - 6.70 mPa.s, 0.14 - 0.17 cm, 7 - 11.3, and 3491 nm, respectively. The best formulation for concentrate protein dispersion of snakehead fish based on the level of preference of the panelists was the addition of 15% fructose syrup concentration and 3% chocolate flavor with the data obtained on aroma parameters, namely 3.67 (like); color 4.18 (like), flavor 3.56 (like), viscosity 3.56 (like) and overall appearance 3.89 (like) from the scale 1 (extremely like) to 5 (strongly dislike). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of temulawak in food diversification has a good role for health but has a lack in its sensory properties. The content of curcuminoid compounds in temulawak can be developed into food supplement products in dispersions to increase the main function as nutritional intake, sensory satisfaction and improve physiological functions that can be obtained through extraction. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of curcuminoid extract from temulawak as an additional ingredient in the manufacture of snakehead fish protein dispersion, to obtain an optimal formulation of food supplements through local food sources based on snakehead fish with the addition of curcuminoid extract from temulawak, and to obtain physical and chemical characteristics of snakehead fish concentrate dispersion with the addition of curcuminoid extract of temulawak in the best formulation. This research was conducted in 2 stages. The first stage was extracting curcuminoids from temulawak and determining the best quality and characteristics of the extract. Finally, the second stage was making the snakehead fish protein dispersion with curcuminoid extract to determine the level of acceptance and the best formulation profile. The characteristics of curcuminoid extract were obtained in the first stage, namely the physical analysis of brownish-orange color, thick extract shape, somewhat distinctive aroma of temulawak, and chemical characteristics such as a yield of 6.82%. Curcumin levels were 7.80%, antioxidant activity (IC50) was 35,171 ppm, and total phenol levels were 82.70 (mg GAE / g). The characteristics of curcuminoid extract obtained had good potential as a functional ingredient in manufacturing food supplements. The optimal concentration of curcuminoid extract in the manufacture of snakehead fish protein dispersion was as much as 0.003% which can produce a favorable quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Snakehead fish, a freshwater species, are high in protein. The protein content of snakehead fish is 16.2%, and the albumin content is 2.17 g. Snakehead fish can make various food products, including supplements and extracts. The purpose of this study was to determine which food supplement panelists preferred by comparing the physical and chemical properties of two different food supplements: a concentrate of solid fraction snakehead fish and dispersion of snakehead fish extract. This research began with the production of concentrated solid fraction snakehead fish and snakehead fish extract, followed by dispersion formulation experiments using concentrated solid fraction snakehead fish and snakehead fish extract. Each dispersion's physical and albumin properties were determined after characterizing the concentrate from solid fraction snakehead fish dispersion and snakehead fish extract. The albumin and pH of the snakehead fish extract dispersion were 63% and 4.48, respectively, whereas the albumin and solid fraction of the snakehead fish extract dispersion were 60.72 and 4.64, respectively. The viscosity, particle size, phase separation ratio, and redispersibility of the snakehead fish extract dispersion were determined. Physical parameters of the concentrate from solid portion snakehead fish dispersion included pressure of 72.6 mPas, a particle size of 1,856 nm, a phase separation ratio of 0.116, and a redispersibility of 32 times shaking. The albumin and pH values obtained from the dispersion of snakehead fish extract were 63% and 4.48, respectively. In comparison, the albumin and pH of concentrate from solid fraction snakehead fish dispersion were 60.72 and 4.64. The physical properties of the snakehead fish extract dispersion were determined to be 93.2 mPas viscosity, 1,514 nm particle size, 0.016 phase separation ratio, and 1-time shaking redispersibility. The physical properties of the concentrate from solid fraction snakehead fish dispersion to viscosity analysis were 72.6 mPas, 1,856 nm particle size, 0.116 phase separation ratio, and 32 times shaking redispersibility. The study concluded that using snakehead fish extract and concentrate from solid fraction snakehead fish in the manufacture of the dispersion has an effect on the dispersion's physical and chemical properties, including organoleptic testing, phase separation ratio, redispersibility, particle size, viscosity, pH, and albumin. Consumers prefer the dispersion containing snakehead fish extract based on the average value of the organoleptic test results for the parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispersion of nano concentrate made from snakehead fish protein was a product made from nano concentrate protein with the addition of honey and then modified with various natural ingredients without preservatives. Various tests and identification of microbes were carried out to find out the decrease in quality that occurs in the product during the storage process. This study aimed to determine the quality degradation that occurred at various temperatures during storage and identify the microbes that caused damage to the dispersion product. The research design was carried out by storing samples at three different temperatures, namely cold temperatures of (10 °C), room temperature (28 °C), and extreme/hot temperatures (45 °C). After that, the samples were analyzed every three days by microbiological testing of TPC, organoleptic (odor and color) scoring method with graded scale (scale 9), re-dispersibility, and viscosity. The test results showed that the decrease in the quality of dispersion protein concentrate of snakehead fish at a temperature of 10 °C occurred on the 21st day at the total plate count parameter of 6.9 log CFU/ml has reached the safe threshold for food products that can be consumed. The decrease in quality nano product dispersion at a temperature of 28 decreased on the 6th day with a total plate count of 6.1 log CFU/ml, and the panelists did not accept the odor with a score of (4.33). The decrease in the quality of dispersion nano products concentrates of snakehead fish protein at a temperature of 45 °C decreased in the 3rd day with a total plate count of 5 log CFU/ml, odor on the 6th day with a score of (3.71), and color with a score of (4.17). The microbiological identification results showed that Bacillus coagulans decreased the product quality faster because the product will experience clumping on the surface at room temperature storage. Fermentation occurs and produces lactic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Snakehead fish is a freshwater fish, which is rich in health benefits. Therefore, snakehead fish is used in processing the application of snakehead fish nanodispersion technology. One of the processing of snakehead fish concentrate into food supplements in the form of dispersion is expected to attract consumers. This study aims to determine the effect of giving snakehead fish concentrate dispersion on body weight growth and IgM activity in administering snakehead fish concentrate dispersion of 0.6 ml. For this reason, mice were tested as test animals. Bodyweight measurements were carried out to determine the weight gain of the test animals during the period of giving snakehead fish concentrate dispersion. The treatments were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results show that the highest increase in body weight of mice was given to 0.2 ml and 0.4 ml concentrates, with the average value of each replication being 28.60 g and 27.93 g. In contrast, the test animals that were not given the snakehead fish concentrate dispersion had an average value of 26.60 g for each treatment. Provision of snakehead fish concentrates dispersion in accordance with the minimum gastric capacity of the test animal. In addition, the administration of snakehead fish concentrate dispersion with a dose of 0.6 ml is 27.87 g. However, on giving snakehead fish concentrate dispersion with a dose of 0.6 ml, the test animals experienced illness. In this study, it can be concluded that the administration of snakehead fish concentrate dispersion can be given in a dose range of 0.4 ml-0.6 ml. Based on research that has been done, giving snakehead fish concentrate dispersion can increase body weight and activity IgM with the appropriate dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a direct consequence of the pandemic, the business world is facing numerous challenges. However, technological advancements in this digital information era are said to be able to help businesses stay afloat. The widespread use of video content as a promotional tool on social media is one of them. The study aims to create a live shoot Channa snakehead fish and analyze how effective the live shoot technique is at increasing Channahomestay's Instagram sales promotion. This live shoot method produces more realistic results and is more entertaining to watch and enjoy as content for followers. DSLRs and smartphones are used to take videos. The use of the live shoot method on Channa snakehead fish video content received a positive response from followers, who expressed an increased interest in seeing and purchasing Channahomestay products on Instagram. Thus, the live shoot method can be used as an alternative in creating promotional content has a positive impact on product sales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichodinids are ciliated protozoa that are widely recognized as one of the major groups of fish parasites. The genus Trichodina has the greatest species diversity. However, in Indonesia records of Trichodina species are very less, and little is known about its pathogenicity in the host, especially in freshwater fish. This study provides notes on Trichodina sp. on wild snakehead fish, Channa striata from the Surabaya River and description of pathological changes in gills. On the one hand, histopathology provides a well method for detect the effects of irritants and pathogens in various organs including gills which are vital organs of fish. Live fish were transferred to the laboratory of Parasitology as soon as possible and were examined within 24 hours. Smears from the gill were examined for the parasite Trichodina sp. and ciliates was observed microscopically without staining. Second step was performed histopathological examination of the gills. Results give expression that infected fish showed it is seen that there is necrosis at the edge of the filament of gill in the form of fusion of the filament edge. Gill lesions were proportional to parasite intensity, in which the gill tissue was compromised in heavy infestation. Histopathological observations seen proliferative disturbances were found, including epithelial hyperplasia, rupture, and mononuclear and eosinophilic infiltrate that culminated in necrosis. Serious damages of primary lamella and secondary lamella included: increase in cells size (hypertrophy), increase in cells number (hyperplasia), fusion of the secondary lamella and blood congestion of the base of primary lamella. In conclusion, the ciliated protozoan Trichodina sp. cause gill lesions with accompanying histopathological changes which will more or less interfere with respiratory activities and are currently a pathogen that mostly attacks wild snakehead fish in Surabaya River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production of fish protein concentrate (FPC) employing chemical and enzymatic extraction process often resulted in several weaknesses, including high cost, low yield, and reduced nutritional and functional properties of FPC. The present study aims to produce protein concentrate extracted from Snakehead fish (Channa striata) using two different methods, namely heating and combination methods, and to investigate the characteristics of resulted FPC. In the heating method, the cooked meat was mixed with distilled water and heated at 80°C prior centrifugation, drying and grinding into powder. In contrast, in the combination method, the minced meat was treated with combination techniques between washing and acidification. The protein concentrates were analyzed for parameters of yield, proximate value, colour and functional properties, including water absorption capacity, fat absorption capacity, water holding capacity, emulsion activity and emulsion stability. Results showed that the yield of protein concentrate produced from combination and heating methods were 27±0.01% and 21±0.01%, respectively. Combination method produced fish protein concentrate with lower ash and fat contents compared to the heating method. Both methods resulted in fish protein concentrate with light yellow colour; however, fish protein concentrate produced by the combination method demonstrated a higher ability to hold and absorb water which is desirable for food formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe burns need additional collagen to accelerate reepithelization and burns healing process by using wound dressing. However, cow and pig as the major source of collagen Type-I are susceptible to infectious diseases and pig is restricted in some religions. Thus, there is need to find an alternative non-mammal collagen source. Aquatic origin collagen has been persuading as an alternative to mammalian origin. However, low denaturation temperature collagen restricts clinical application. Wound dressing with thermal stability is highly desired for burns healing. The aims of this work were the extraction of collagen Type-I from snakehead fish skin (Channa striata) and crosslinking collagen with alginate. Extraction of collagen consist of pretreatment to remove grease, hydrolysis to remove undesirable protein, and extraction to obtain acid-soluble collagen (ASC) by acetic acid. Biopolymer was synthesized by crosslinking collagen and cross-linking agent, sodium alginate (SA). Optimum concentration of collagen and SA is required. The different concentrations (1, 3, 5%) of SA were dissolved by sodium phosphate buffer. The extracted collagen was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze functional groups. Biopolymer was characterized for functional groups, micrograph, and thermal stability. Results reveal, functional groups Amide A (3414 cm−1), Amide I (1637 cm−1), Amide II (1548 cm−1), Amide III (13338 cm−1) refers to collagen Type-I. ASC was successfully extracted from Channa striata and classified as Type-I collagen. Addition of SA for 3% has the best thermal stability. This finding shows the potential use of this collagen-based biopolymer as a promising new dressing for burn healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of Snakehead fish (Channa striata) flesh for functional food produced a significant amount by product that can be utilized into fish protein concentrate (FPC. The aimed of the study is to investigate the nutritional value of FPC produced from Snakehead fish extraction by product using acid and alkali solubilization methods. Three sets of pH variations were used for each treatment i.e 2,3,4 (acid) and 10,11,12 (base). The parameters being analyzed were yield, water content, ash content, fat content and protein contents. In addition, salt content of FPC was also measured. The results indicated that the highest yield was obtained from treatment of pH 4 with 23.6%. The highest protein content was obtained from treatment using pH 3, with 92.03%. The acid solubilization method was more recommended in producing FPC rather than alkali solubilization method since it tended to result in higher nutritional content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reproductive dysfunction is recognized as a consequence of diabetes mellitus. Previous study revealed that snakehead (Channa striata) fish extract can repairing the pancreas histological structure which by that decreasing the blood glucose levels. Further research was conducted to determine the influence of snakehead fish extract (SHFE) to increasing the fertility of hyperglycemic mice based on spermatogenic cell composition. Twenty five adult mice (Mus musculus) were induced intraperitoneally to be hyperglycemic using alloxan monohydrate single dose of 190 mg/kg body weight. Hyperglycemic mice treated orally for 14 days using SHFE which grouped into five treatment dosages. Testicular histology were prepared using the paraffin methods and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. According to ANOVA and Tukey's test, it was found that spermatogenic cells population as well as its composition in the testis of mice that treated with SHFE are significantly higher than hyperglichemic mice . The highest dose of SHFE (0.15 ml /day), showed highest spermatogenic cell. All hyperglichemic mice that treated with SHFE exhibited the ratio composition of spermatogonia: spermatocytes: spermatids as same as with control (healthy mice) i.e. 1:1:3 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]