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Relativistic nucleus-nucleus and hadrons-nucleus collisions are very useful to understand the particle production mechanism. The present work is devoted to the investigation on emitted charged pion (Nπ) from 3684Kr - Emulsion interactions at around 1 A Gev. We have calculated the total number of wounded nucleons (W) and total number of interactions (ν) using wounded nucleon model. The obtained results revealed that the estimated number of wounded nucleons and the total number of interactions are increases with increasing mass number of the target nucleus. We have also observed that the mean multiplicity of relativistic charged particles is strongly dependent on the total number of wounded nucleons and the total number of interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The charged-particle veto (CPV) detector of the ALICE experiment is a multi-wire proportional chamber with pad readout. It is designed to improve photon identification in the photon spectrometer PHOS. One module of the CPV detector was put in operation during the LHC Run2 in 2015. We present the performance of the CPV during Pb-Pb collisions at √s=5.02TeV and compare these to the previously obtained results for pp collisions at √s=13TeV. We discuss the efficiency of charged-particle track reconstruction in the CPV and photon identification in the ALICE photon spectrometer using the CPV detector both in pp and Pb-Pb collisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current discharge cell, the work on improving the properties has been ongoing. Above all else, all discharge cells require the high luminous efficacy at low driving voltages and these studies continue to be conducted. In this paper, the characteristics of discharge cells with 70 μm and 140 μm gap distance between sustain electrodes are analyzed using two dimensional fluid simulation. The 140 μm gap distance of sustain electrodes, the higher discharge voltage, but the more charged particles, exciting particles and VUV particles could increase the luminance and luminous efficacy of the discharge cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the results of Monte Carlo simulations to obtain stopping power of protons in energy ranges and materials of therapeutic importance. The source was modeled as a point source emitting mono-energetic pencil beam of protons. A cylinder containing the material of interest was placed in vacuum to represent the phantom, a cylinder of 30 cm radius and 100 cm height. A disk-shaped thin detector (r=2 cm) was created in this phantom to compute average values of absorbed dose and flux. Its thickness varied from simulation to simulation depending on the energy of the incoming source protons. Average flux and absorbed dose were computed in the detector cell to evaluate the value of the stopping power for the material of interest at that specific energy. The results obtained in this study are compared with the data from the NIST compilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The charged particle densities obtained from CORSIKA simulated EAS, using the QGSJet-II.04 hadronic interaction model are used for primary energy reconstruction. Simulated data are reconstructed by using Lateral Energy Correction Functions computed with a new realistic model of the Grande stations implemented in Geant4.10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the scattering of intense electromagnetic radiation on free relativistic electrons in the classical formalism. Starting from the well known property that in the relativistic regime the radiation is emitted by an accelerated charged particle along its instantaneous velocity direction we discuss the effects of the radiation reaction on the shape of the angular distribution in Thomson effect for the case of linear and circular polarization of the incident light and for different collision geometries. We also study the polarization properties of the emitted radiation for several low intensity cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the amount of CTR energy emitted by an infinitely short bunch with parameters of the E209 experiment at SLAC depends on the bunch radius. Coherent transition radiation interferometry (CTRI) requires many events to build a trace. We also show that CTRI can be used to measure the period of a self-modulated charged particle bunch. This is true even though the self-modulation results from an instability growing from noise, which means its relative phase may be random from event to event. This further suggests that measurement of the SMI induced radial modulation using CTRI is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classical treatments have been successful in designing numerous charged-particle devices. It is natural to develop a quantum prescription, since all systems are fundamentally quantum mechanical in nature. The quantum theory leads to new insights accompanied with wavelength-dependent contributions. The action of a magnetic quadrupole is derived from the Dirac equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes what we have done sofar to explain charged charmonium/bottomonium-like structures using a hadronic triangle diagram which we call the initial single chiral particle emission mechanism. We discuss processes like A→A' +P+P' in which two chiral particles P and P' are emitted from A. In the intermediate we consider a hadronic one-loop diagram in which D(*)/D(*) s /B(*)/B(*)s are included to explain some enhancements experimentally observed. Using this mechanism we explain some of the exotic enhancements and predict a couple of enhancement structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some recent progresses on the charmonium-like states from Belle experiment are reviewed including: (1) A new charged charmonium-like state Zc(4200)+ decaying to J/Ψπ+ is observed with a significance of 6.2σ by performing an amplitude analysis of B0 → J/ΨK-π+ decays. The mass and width of the Zc(4200)+ are 4196+31+17 -29-13 MeV/c2 and 370+70+70 -70-132 MeV, respectively; the preferred JP = 1+; (2) A search for Z± cs resonant structures in the process e+e- → K+K-J/Ψ is performed; (3) The cross sections of e+e- → π+π-Ψ(2S) between 4.0 and 5.5 GeV are updated with full of data sample (980 fb-1). The properties of the Y(4360) and Y(4660) states are determined with improved precision. Evidence for a charged charmonium-like structure at 4.05 GeV/c2 is observed in the π±Ψ(2S) intermediate state in the Y(4360) decays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hough transform is a global tracking method used which had been expected to be faster approach for tracking the circular pattern of electron moving in Center Drift Chamber (CDC), by transforming the point of hit into a circular curve. This paper present the implementation of hough transform method for the reconstruction of tracks in Center Drift Chamber (CDC) which have been generated by random number in C language programming. Result from implementation of this method shows higher peak of circle parameter value (xc,yc,rc) that indicate the similarity value of the parameter needed for circular track in CDC for charged particles in the region of CDC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burning reaction S(E)-factor determinations are among the key ingredients for stellar models when one has to deal with energy generation evaluation and the genesis of the elements at stellar conditions. To by pass the still present uncertainties in extrapolating low-energies values, S(E)-factor measurements for charged-particle induced reactions involving light elements have been made available by devote Trojan Horse Method (THM) experiments. The recent results are here discussed together with their impact in astrophysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The particle aspect approach is adopted to investigate the trajectories of charged particles in the electromagnetic field of kinetic Alfven wave. Expressions are found for the dispersion relation, damping /growth rate and associated currents in the presence of kappa distribution function. Kinetic effect of electrons and ions are included to study kinetic Alfven wave because both are important in the transition region. It is found that the ratio β of electron thermal energy density to magnetic field energy density and the ratio of ion to electron thermal temperature (Ti/Te), and kappa distribution function affect the dispersion relation, damping /growth rate and associated currents in both cases(warm and cold electron limit).The treatment of kinetic Alfven wave instability is based on assumption that the plasma consist of resonant and non resonant particles. The resonant particles participate in an energy exchange process, whereas the non resonant particles support the oscillatory motion of the wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present a general overview about the implementation at ININ of a Particle Induced Gamma Emission (PIGE) analysis technique, based on the bombardment of samples by protons and deuterons at different energies within our tandem accelerator facility. As it is well known, this technique is based on the detection of γrays emitted by nuclei in a target following a charged particle irradiation. The main feature of this technique, apart from being non-destructive and low time consuming, is that it allows a multi-elemental analysis of a sample, permitting an isotopic identification of many nuclides. Advances and some preliminary results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On February 28 and March 1 at Bonn University, Germany, a workshop to study TPCs at high rate experiments took places. Issues such as readout concepts, ion back flow, aging, field homogeneity, and calibration systems were discussed. A summary of that workshop is presented, with an emphasis on the status of micropattern avalanche regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of the ELIMED project, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are widely used to study the physical transport of charged particles generated by laser-target interactions and to preliminarily evaluate fluence and dose distributions. An energy selection system and the experimental setup for the TARANIS laser facility in Belfast (UK) have been already simulated with the GEANT4 (GEometry ANd Tracking) MC toolkit. Preliminary results are reported here. Future developments are planned to implement a MC based 3D treatment planning in order to optimize shots number and dose delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The UK has a long history of radiobiology research into charged particles, with interest likely to expand in the coming years following the recent government announcement of £250 million to build two proton beam therapy facilities in the UK. A brief overview of research and facilities past and present with respect to radiation protection and oncology along with biological consequences and underlying mechanisms will be presented and discussed. Increased knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning the radiation action on biological systems is important in understanding, not only the risks associated with exposure, but also in optimising radiotherapy treatment of cancer. Ionizing radiation is always in the form of structure tracks which are a unique characteristic of ionizing radiation alone producing damage grossly different and far more biologically effective than endogenous damage. The track structure is the prime determinant of biological response to DNA, with charged particles of increasing LET leading to an increase in the frequency and complexity of clustered DNA damage. High-LET particles will also produce non-homogeneous dose distribution through a cell nucleus resulting in correlated DNA breaks along the path of the particle and an increase in the probability of complex chromosomal rearrangements. However it is now well established that there is variety of phenomena that do not conform to the conventional paradigm of targeted radiobiology, but there is insufficient evidence to assess the implications of these non-targeted effects for radiotherapy or relevance to risk for human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of scientific research, nanofabrication is continually being pushed to its limits. For rapid prototyping and fast turnaround, gallium focused ion beam (FIB) based instruments are often used. These charged particle instruments offer great flexibility and high throughput for prototyping customized devices for research and development as well as industrial applications. A new entrant in the field of nanofabrication using charged particle beams is the ORION NanoFab made by Carl Zeiss. In ORION NanoFab, helium and neon ions can be used to produce features as small as few nanometers. In this article, we will describe the advantages and limitations of helium and neon ion based nanofabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient accelerators (ns-FFAGs) show great potential for the acceleration of protons and light ions for the treatment of certain cancers. They have unique features as they combine techniques from the existing types of accelerators, cyclotrons and synchrotrons, and hence look to have advantages over both for this application. However, these unique features meant that it was necessary to build one of these accelerators to show that it works and to undertake a detailed conceptual design of a medical machine. Both of these have now been done. This paper will describe the concepts of this type of accelerator, show results from the proof-of-principle machine (EMMA) and described the medical machine (PAMELA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Model for equation of state of warm dense matter based on chemical picture was used for calculation of principal Hugoniots of hydrogen, deuterium and helium, calculation of thermodynamics for reshock states and third-shock reverberation of deuterium and isentropically compressed helium. Coulomb interaction of charged particles, short-range repulsion and attraction of heavy particles and partial degeneracy of free electrons was taken into account. The calculation results were compared with gas-gun, explosive, magnetically launched flyer-plate, laser experiments and with the results of the first principle modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In linear accelerators the particles are accelerated by either electrostatic fields or oscillating Radio Frequency (RF) fields. Accordingly the linear accelerators are divided in three large groups: electrostatic, induction and RF accelerators. Overview of the different types of accelerators is given. Stability of longitudinal and transverse motion in the RF linear accelerators is briefly discussed. The methods of beam focusing in linacs are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we are presenting a model for electrophoretic motion of a charged particle through the membrane before it reaches the steady state, based on concepts of Physics. Some results from analysis of the model are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the linear accelerators the particles are accelerated by either electrostatic fields or oscillating radio frequency (RF) fields. Accordingly the linear accelerators are divided by three large groups: electrostatic, induction and RF accelerators. Overview of different types of accelerators is given. Stability of longitudinal and transverse motion in the RF linear accelerators is briefly discussed. The methods of the beam focusing in linacs are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dedicated electric dipole moment (edm) searches have been done only for neutral systems. We discuss in this talk dedicated storage ring proposals for measuring edms of charged particles. The statistical error dominates over the systematic error for the neutron and mercury atom edm searches. Large numbers of particles are available today from modern polarized sources at several accelerators. A proposed proton edm experiment at BNL would improve the present proton edm limit by a factor of 104. A "precursor" deuteron edm experiment has been proposed at COSY, Juelich, Germany. This would be the first measurement of the deuteron edm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of charged particles significantly reduces the dose absorbed by normal cells due to the inverse dose-depth deposition profile. This is the physical pillar justifying hadrontherapy as the eligible treatment for deepseated tumours. However, a non-negligible amount of radiation is nevertheless absorbed in correspondence with the plateau region of the Bragg curve, which may result in the induction of sub-lethal effects. Very little experimental data exist on the induction of such effects. Moreover, reliable follow-up data on such adverse effects in hadrontherapy patients are limited since this type of treatment has been adopted relatively recently. A fortiori, the dependence of sub-lethal effects on unprecedented factors, such as the exceedingly high dose rates and/or the pulsed nature of beams originated by laser interaction with target materials, is unknown. This warrants investigation prior to a therapeutic use of such beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]