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The effect of the membrane separation process to concentrate the xylanase was tested to restrict cellulase dosage on the lignocellulosic waste. Xylanase produced from Streptomyces lividans expressing an endo-xylanase gene from Kitasatospora sp. was concentrated by nanofiltration membrane NTR-7410. This resulted in a seven-fold increase in xylanase activity without changing its specific activity. The saccharification of dilute acid-pretreated empty fruit bunch (EFB) was performed by applying membrane-concentrated xylanase compared with its un-concentrated to commercial cellulase loaded at one filter paper unit/g-biomass. Both glucose and xylose yields obtained by using concentrated xylanase (19.49% and 41.51%, respectively) were higher compared to un-concentrated xylanase (11.71% and 28.71%, respectively). Xylose-assimilating Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast at initial of 0.5 g/L was then inoculated into the sugar solutions. The yeast had increased ethanol titer and productivity from sugars obtained by using membrane-concentrated xylanase (7.13±0.60 g/L and 0.59±0.06 g/L/h, respectively), compared by using un-concentrated xylanase (4.56±0.43 g/L and 0.38±0.02 g/L/h, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A manufacturing system is a collection of equipment and human resources integrated to carry out the operation process into a quality finished product. With various activities in it making the production process one of the spearheads of creating a product in accordance with market needs, it is necessary to have a systematic, effective and efficient workflow to optimize the workstation at production time. PT XYZ manufactures carton boxes of various sizes. Cardboard paper as raw material is obtained from several other paper mill companies. PT XYZ has an imbalance of production efficiency which is a bottleneck (stacking) at the manual stitching workstation that is the carton box's union with the stapler. Based on the existing problems, this study aims to determine the process of producing carton boxes and identify workstations that experience bottlenecks. The estimate production demand and be careful to minimize congestion to optimize work efficiency at workstations in the production process and compare repair costs conducted. The data obtained will be predicted using quadratic forecasting to determine the shadow of future requests. The method used to minimize congestion and handle work efficiency at each workstation is Theory of Constraint (TOC). With the Theory of constraint method, the percentage of loads experiencing congestion is 105.89%. After the best choice is made by adding 1 operator to the connection process, the percentage of loads experiencing congestion is 70.59%. So, the bottleneck condition is solved, and production runs smoothly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste is produced in large quantities all around the world, causing serious environmental problems. Construction and demolition (C&D) trash accounts for a significant fraction of global solid waste production, with the majority of it ending up in landfills. Concrete engineers have truly recommended the possibility of precisely treating and reusing such waste as aggregates in fresh concrete, particularly for lower-level applications, according to their research. Papercrete is a sustainable building material since it uses less cement and makes extensive use of recycled paper. It provides a number of benefits in the manufacturing industry, including a reduced carbon footprint and recovered fabric. Poor embodied strength, low utilization, and so on. The concrete rubble collected from C&D waste is used as a fine aggregate in the manufacture of papercrete bricks in this study. As a result, both waste paper and C&D debris were used, reducing landfill disposal and promoting low-cost, light-weight, and environmentally friendly construction materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to accommodate the country's growing population, the number of apartment complexes has increased dramatically. Most new apartment complexes include a variety of modern amenities such as a supermarket, a medical centre, EV charging stations, vending machines, and many more. To use these amenities, we normally need to have a credit or debit card, or even cash on hand. Also, there are numerous identity and government cards that a person must carry with them at all times. Keeping track of all these cards can prove to be quite tedious and time-consuming. Furthermore, the majority of these apartments feature the standard lock and key method of unlocking the doors of the residing occupants which adds to the load of carrying about house keys along with all of the other cards. Life would be so much easier if we could replace all of these numerous bank cards with just one. Using a single card to access all services, such as EV charging or purchasing items, and even as your home door key. With the tap and go feature, the user does not have to pay at the same time but can make a payment all at once when the statement arrives at the end of the month, saving both time and keeping track of all transactions with ease. Hence, we propose in this paper a smart card that uses RFID technology to access all of the many amenities in apartment complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes a smart home control system, which includes lighting, microclimate and security subsystems, as well as control algorithms for various operating scenarios. The process of the system operation is described in detail, the visualization of the system is presented in the form of a 3d model. The article shows the practical significance of the system, describes its functionality. The work is of undoubted relevance, since the introduction of a house management system can improve conditions of life and achieve high energy efficiency rates. The article presents in detail each element of the control system, namely: a control device, a control object, a set of sensors. On the example of the lighting subsystem, the process of creating the entire automated control system is described. An algorithm for automatic lighting operation is obtained and described. To control the system, a human-machine interface was developed in the OpenHab program. A panel with indicators of the light sensor is presented, its functionality is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of Waste paper sludge (WPS) and cockle shell (CS) as an alternative composite absorbent has been investigated to obtain the optimum mixing ratio in removing two working parameters such as ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and COD. Both WPS and CS were mixed together in different ratio. The absorption batch study includes the preparation of 5g composite adsorbent, 200 mL of raw leachate sample at pH 8.64, with a shaking speed of 200 rpm for 300 minutes at room temperature. The result shows, the optimum ratio obtained for composite mixture absorbent is (1:7) and the concentration capacity achieved for the ratio was 502 mg/L and 540 mg/L for NH3-N and COD. The percentage optimum removal is 50.20% NH3-N and 81.25% COD respectively. The optimum pH and absorbent dosage expressed the result at pH 7 and 50 g with the percentage optimum removal value is 50.10% NH3-N and 88.89% COD; and 503 mg/L NH3-N and 320 mg/L COD; and 51.98% NH3-N and 89.51% COD; and 484 mg/L NH3-N and 302 mg/L COD, respectively during the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice straw can be an alternative material for producing great pulp and paper also can be produced by several variations of the pulping process. This study was conducted to prepare and evaluate the hydrophobic rice straw pulp soda using atmospheric hot soda (AHSP) and soda (SP) pulping methods and modified with water-soluble chitosan treatment. The pulps were modified with water-soluble chitosan treatment at 1% and 2%. The screen pulp yield, kappa number, and delignification selectivity were analyzed to evaluate the properties of the pulp, while hydrophobicity properties were evaluated by its water absorption capacity and wettability. The FTIR was used to investigate the possibility of a new functional group formation after modification. The screen pulp yield of AHSP (29.22%) was relatively higher than SP (21.94%). However, SP pulp has a lower kappa number with higher delignification selectivity than AHSP pulp. After pulp modification, the hydrophobicity of the modified pulp increases in line with the increasing concentration of water-soluble chitosan. The AHSP pulp with a 2% water-chitosan treatment has the highest hydrophobicity indicated by the lowest water absorption capacity at 60 minutes i.e 41.99%. Therefore, based on hydrophobicity analysis, AHSP and SP modified with a 2% water-soluble chitosan treatment have better hydrophobicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polar code is a class of linear error-correcting codes that may demonstrably achieve the capacity of discrete memoryless channels. In the last decade, they have piqued the interest of industry and academia, such as the 5G (5th generation) wireless communication system standardization process. Although polar codes are proven to achieve the Shannon limit, their performance degrades at finite-code lengths, particularly in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. So in a regime with finite _length, the performance of polar code may be improved by several techniques, such as Turbo Polar Codes (TPCs). Various Soft_in_Soft_out (SISO) decoder techniques, such as soft_cancellation (SCAN), belief_propagation (BP), and soft_successive_cancellation_list (SSCL) can be utilized in TPC. On the other hand, using a simple scaling factor scheme to minimize the overestimation of extrinsic information and its correlation with intrinsic information can further improve performance. Different termination techniques are proposed in the literature to reduce the required number of iterations, especially at high SNR. Error detection and correction systems are utilised to reduce energy consumption. This paper reviews some of the recent decoding techniques used in TPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species producing raw material for pulp and paper that can be grown in the high altitude lands are still limited. One of the potential species for this area is Eucalyptus urophylla. Tree breeding strategy by a progeny test is performed to increase its productivity. The initial selection is implemented at the nursery level by assess the variation of family (mother trees' progeny) (F1). The research aimed to determine the F1 variation by the growth performance of 6 months old F1 seedlings. Samples consisted of progeny from 27 family originated from provenances of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Indicators of growth performance and determination of rankings are assessed from the seedling's diameter, height, and robustness. The results showed that E. urophylla had high growth performance variation. Based on their growth performance, the best seedlings were from the family of A25, A27, A23, A19, A20 and A21. Genetic diversity among F1 categorized moderate, based on heritability of height (H2=0.37), diameter (H2=0.45) and robustness (H2=0.6). Coefficient of genetic variance (CGV) and coefficient of phenotypic variance (CPV) are more than 20%, and 27 mother trees are divided into 4 clusters. The existence of genetic diversity at the seedling level becomes the material for further testing in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the issue of rising electricity demand in the building sector is one of the major challenges. Therefore, the Building Management System (BMS) inside the building. Since the PV, national grid, and diesel generators supplies building electrical power, so the Energy Management System (EMS) technologies are necessary to study the priority of PV to supply building power to save energy. This paper proposes a Smart Building Management System (SBMS) used with Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) in addition lighting systems. HVAC is controlled with occupancy sensors, temperature control, and load control. Lighting systems are controlled through occupancy sensors and daylight sensors to make them operate to minimize electricity consumption. Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) control of the EMS in this work, SBMS and EMS are created and simulated using two case studies to supply public buildings. The first situation is SBMS without EMS and the second situation is SBMS with EMS. Finally, the results showed the impact of SBMS on the reduction of energy consumption for HVAC systems and lighting (20% on summer day and 11% on winter day), as the energy consumption was reduced for both HVAC and lighting by about (54% on a summer day and 44% on a winter day) because we added the scenario of case two to the one scenario case in a public building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of multimedia made Technology for digital Video Watermarking is becoming widely recognized as a crucial tool for copyright enforcement, thus it identifies the video content and discourages unauthorized users from accessing or using it. New watermarking algorithm is presented in this paper the digital video based on landmarks of faces, landmark of a face is localized of certain characteristic points on the face, which made these marks an optimal host. Embedding the secret message in video frames will be used the Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique which slightly changes in the video. confidentiality is improved by encrypting the watermark before embedding it in the video frames with the SALSA20 Stream, which increases the watermark's security and power, The results of the experiments show that the suggested algorithm achieves significant imperceptibility and excellent resistance to different attacks. Peak to Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) is higher and of higher quality in the attached video. According to experimental findings, the suggested algorithm achieves great resilience to several forms of attacks. Four statistical measures are used to evaluate the proposed algorithm, they are: Uses Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC), and the results are satisfied. The suggested algorithm achieves great resilience to several forms of attacks, also an acceptable level of transparency is obtained present in the embedded version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Notwithstanding the developing interest and conversations on Augmented Reality (AR) on smart campus, we don't yet know methodicallly, the information that has been worked from scholarly papers on AR in smart campus; if furthermore the way in which AR research meet, the approaches used to explore AR in tourism, and the emerging contexts AR has appeared smart campus research. By directing a deliberate writing survey on AR research in smart campus, this work looks to reply four importantly research questions: (1) Where AR technology research emerged in?; (2) Which Role of the Mobile Augmented Reality System (MARS) stand out enough to be noticed in smart campus research?; or (3) Comparison of Features in The Campus Tour Guide Application utilised to research AR in smart campus?; Overall, the findings show that smart campus arisen as the most well-known settings. Notwithstanding, issues with heterogeneity showed up in phrasing use close by an absence of hypothesis based exploration in AR. Likewise, holes were distinguished where difficulties recognized rotated around consciousness of the innovation, convenience, and time responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates the Electronic Medicine Compiler Box for the convenience of users or patients, especially for the elderly to take medicine according to the prescribed schedule. When several medications have to be taken at different times, mistakes often occur. This Electronic Medicine Organizer Box is developed using GSM and Arduino Uno modules where the buzzer will sound if the medicine has not been taken at the specified time and it will send a message to the mobile phone when the medicine has been taken. The Telegram bot is also developed to remind users about the cleanliness of the box. The function of this electronic box has been verified and it was found that it works as intended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete is a versatile composite material which due to its beneficial properties e.g., form ability, fast construction process, relatively high compressive strength available in short term, considerable long-term durability, etc. may find usage in many applications throughout different sectors. Dense composite matrix which is, on the one hand, responsible for good mechanical resistance can be, on the other hand, counterproductive in view of excessive dead loading of bearing structures and its high thermal conductivity. In this paper waste expanded polystyrene as a replacement of traditional dense aggregate in concrete production was used. Polymer-based alternative, in the fraction of 2.0/4.0 mm, was applied in amounts of 0-100 vol.%, and its effect on physical, strength and thermal-physical properties on 28 days aged concretes was monitored. Obtained data confirmed combined substantial lightening of produced composites accompanied with improvement of their thermal-insulation function. High dosages of lightweight aggregate in concrete mixes led to significant reduction of their mechanical resistance, however, at balanced portions of polymeric material structural grade concrete may be manufactured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the performances of cationic starch (CS) and sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (CMC-Na) as dry strength additives (DSA). The CS and CMC-Na were incorporated with to pulp slurry in different dosages (0.5%-2.0%) during stock preparation. The basic weight of 80 g/m2 was made for each treatment. The results showed that the utilization of CMC-Na had better mechanical properties compared to the CS for all treatments. In general, apparent density and mechanical properties were significantly affected by the addition of DSA. However, through the observation of the experiment, the enhancing effect of CMC-Na on mechanical properties of wastepaper was much higher than using CS except for tear strength. The FESEM imaging results can also help prove the best DSA used in wastepaper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several approaches have been proposed to help researchers in retrieving relevant and useful information from the cyber-ocean of information. However, the approaches assumed the academic content to be easily accessible, which is not always the case considering the copyright restrictions. Different from the existing works, we proposed a collaborative approach that leverages public contextual metadata to personalize scholarly recommendations. Our proposed approach has the ability to recommend research papers to the individual researchers regardless of the researcher expertise and research field. As demonstrated using a freely accessible dataset, our proposed approach have shown significant improvements over another baseline method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moodle-based Learning Management Systems have been widely used in learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in Indonesia. In this regard, this study aims to identify and describe the implementation of the Whole Language Approach in improving the ability to write simple scientific papers for students at PGRI Yogyakarta University through the Moodle-based Learning Management System. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative with data in the form of descriptions of the results of research implementation supported by observations, interviews, theoretical studies, and relevant research. The results of this study indicate an increase in the ability to write student scientific papers in the experimental class after using the Whole Language Approach through Moodle-based LMS in learning to write. Several aspects that were assessed were structure, systematics, language use, content coherence, and references used. This increase is indicated by the test numbers before and after the use of the Whole Language Approach through the Moodle-based LMS with mean values of 6.5 to 8.8 in the experimental class, and 6.7 to 7.1 in.the control class. This shows that the use of the Whole Language Approach through Moodle-based LMS is proven to improve students' ability to write simple scientific papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic electroreduction of carbon dioxide represents a promising technology for the management of the energy sources and the abatement of CO2 emissions. For the industrial implementation of this process, it is required the development of a selective and stable nanostructured catalytic electrode. In this study, we evaluated the synthesis of nanostructured metallic electrodes produced by galvanostatic electrodeposition of copper onto a carbon paper support. The effects of deposition current density on morphology and catalytic properties of the electrodes were analyzed. The formation of copper nano and microstructure was observed on the external structure of the carbon paper support. Regarding the morphology, a correlation between applied current density and deposition structure was found. Electrodeposited electrodes showed a catalytic selectivity towards the production of carbon monoxide almost four times greater than copper foil electrodes. An inverse correlation between deposition current density and catalytic selectivity was observed. A decrease in the deposition current from -6 mA cm-2 to -2 mA cm−2 resulted in a doubling of the measured selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Virtual is Reality". Human beings always want to achieve more and more, want to explore more and more. Whether it is an area of Medical Science, Automotive, History Science, or Universe. We are presenting this paper to explore the Digital World's main areas called the Metaverse. Since 2020 during and post-COVID digitization keep pace in almost all domains and now it is part of human life starting with Online New papers to online classes / online medical consultancy, online payments, and many more. COVID restricts human beings, especially tour tourism & traveling, Metaverse is one of the key mantras which make it possible for a human being to travel anywhere without leaving his/ her place. But, does Metaverse has also any restrictions? Does Metaverse have any rule/regulation/policy framework on usage? Does Metaverse meet the service quality? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year, as a result of the activities of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill, from 90 to 160 thousand tons of solid waste were generated. Lignin sludge is a sludge formed during the wastewater treatment of the plant. The disposal of waste from the production of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill was carried out in specially equipped dumps and storages. In model experiments using the method of solid-phase fermentation, the main patterns of ecological and biochemical processes occurring during the transformation of organic substrates (sludge-lignin, sawdust) were established; substrates were obtained for creating soil-ground. To develop the optimal composition of fertile mixtures from sludge-lignin after solid-phase fermentation, experiments were carried out to create artificial soils with different ratios of the resulting soils. The content of heavy metals in ready mixtures is much less than the concentrations specified in the regulations when using organic fertilizers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of study is to design a Microstrip Patch Textile antenna using Jeans substrate (Dielectric constant is 1.7) to obtain the Return loss and it is compared with Paper substrate antenna (Dielectric constant is 3.6) which was designed at 2.4GHz. The Rectangular microstrip patch antenna which uses Jeans substrate with the thickness as 1.6mm (Group1) and with the thickness 1.4mm (Group 2) and patch antenna which uses Paper substrate with thickness 1.4mm (Group3) and with the thickness 1.6mm (Group 4) are designed and simulated with HFSS. For each group 10 samples are taken for the analysis using SPSS. The significance p<0.05, indicates that the antenna performance is good. The Experimental results show that the Jean substrate antenna (1.6 mm) which is designed at 2.4GHz is having the Return loss of -0.0338dB and (1.4 mm) is having Return loss of -0.006dB. The Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna which is designed using Paper Substrate (1.6 mm) having Return loss of -0.0756dB and paper substrate (1.4 mm) is having Return loss of -0.037dB at 2.4GHz. The microstrip patch antenna which is designed using jeans substrate is having significantly better performance when compared to the microstrip patch antenna using Paper substrate while considering its Return loss parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to design a Microstrip Patch Textile antenna using Jeans substrate (Dielectric constant - 1.7) at 2.4GHz and it is compared with Paper substrate antenna (Dielectric constant - 3.6). The Rectangular microstrip patch antenna which uses Jeans substrate with the thickness of 1.6mm (Group1) and 1.4mm (Group 2) and the Paper substrate Antenna with the thickness 1.4mm (Group3) and 1.6mm(Group 4) are designed and simulated with HFSS software. For each group 10 samples are taken for the analysis. If significance p<0.05, then it indicates that the performance of the Antenna is good. The antenna directivity analysis is done for 2 GHz to 2.8 GHz. The Experimental results shows that the jean substrate antenna which is designed at 2.4GHz is having the directivity of 2.31dB. The Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna which is designed using Paper Substrate having directivity of 2.2dB at 2.4GHz. The microstrip patch antenna which is designed using jeans substrate is having significantly better performance when compared to the microstrip patch antenna using Paper substrate while considering its directivity parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to manufacture composite panel that can be used as wall panel for earthquake resistantly building. First stage on wall panel production was done by preparing polypropylene plastic waste, coconut coir fiber, and waste sludge paper mill. The second stage was carried out by mixing polypropylene plastic waste with coconut coir fiber and sludge of paper mill waste. In this research, two mixing variations were carried out. First variation was done by mixing polypropylene plastic waste and coconut fiber in a ratio of 60:40 without adding sludge, while the other was done by mixing sludge, polypropylene plastic waste and coconut fiber with a ratio of 60:20:20. The mixing process was done using extruder and the drying process was done using hot press. Density, internal adhesion values, and thickness extension of resulted composite panels then was characterized. From two variations resulted wall panels were found that the wall panels with sludge addition has better density value of 0.9713 g/cm3 compare to composite panel without sludge addition where its density value of 1.093 g/cm3. In addition, the internal adhesive strength value of the wall panels without sludge addition of 0.59 N/mm2, whereas it improved to 0.61 N/mm2 on panel with sludge addition. Moreover, the thickness of the panel that was produced without sludge addition was 0.508 percent, while panel with sludge addition decreased to 0.104 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper sheets were produced from bleached kraft pulp, and office and newsprint waste paper. Nanoparticles from black alder bark, grey alder bark and pine bark as well as birch sawdust were obtained for using them as reinforcing fillers in paper. Non-extracted bark and that extracted in biorefinery were used. For producing nanoparticles, the materials were destructed using the thermocatalytic destruction method and then dispersed in water medium in a ball mill. At a sufficient concentration, gel-like dispersions were obtained, which contained nanoparticles with the size ∼300 nm. The dispersions were introduced in paper furnish in different amounts. It has been established that all the nanoparticle fillers increase the tensile index and burst index in dry and wet states. The nanoparticle fillers from extracted bark increase the mechanical indices to a higher extent. At 20% filler content, tensile index in a dry state increases in the case of non-extracted grey alder bark, black alder bark and pine bark by 28, 30 and 15%, and in the case of extracted ones - by 44, 40 and 30%, respectively; the burst index increases by 78, 19 and 4%, and 91, 25 and 14%, respectively. The nanoparticle filler from birch sawdust increases the tensile strength in a dry state by 9% and burst index by 20%. The obtained nanoparticle fillers slightly improve also the water resistance of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of heteronuclear complexes of Fe(III)-Mn(II)-Tartrate is reported here. The tartrate based heteronuclear complex was developed as functional material for catalytic applications and molecular magnets. Effect of type of Fe(III) salts and reaction temperature in the solvothermal synthesis of the targeted complex is also investigated. FeCl3 and (NH4)Fe(SO4)2 were used as the source of Fe(III) salts, in which the Fe(III) salt solutions were then mixed with solutions of MnCl2 and L−tartaric acid in a Fe(III)-Mn(II)-Tartrate mol ratio of 2:2:5 in a 50 mL of Teflon-autoclave. A mixture of dimethyl formamide and distilled water (1:3) was used as the solvent. The solvothermal reaction was done at 110 and 130 °C, respectively, for 2 hours. Solids that precipitated out from the reaction were separated by filter paper, dried in an oven, and then characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), and powder XRD analysis. Experimental data shows that all four reactions resulted in identical pale yellow-greenish fine powder in different yields. FTIR analysis confirms the presence of tartrate ligand based on specific absorptions, namely a broad band around 3400 (O–H) cm−1, a sharp peak around 1650 (O–C=O) cm−1, and twin sharp peaks around 1400-1100 (C–OH) cm−1. Moreover, AAS confirms the presence of both Fe and Mn in all samples in a considerably significant amount. Powder XRD analyses confirmed that the synthesized complexes have identical crystal system. These results indicate that complexes of Fe(III)-Mn(II)-Tartrate were formed and the synthesis of the complex were not influenced by the type of Fe(III) salts or by the reaction temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The STEAM interdisciplinary integrated-thematic curriculum with engineering design is the main concept of the 12-year basic education curricula of Technology. This research is based on the engineering design orientation as a teaching strategy, developing project for paper mechanism, and implementing Living Technology courses for gifted high school students in Taiwan to test the teaching effectiveness. In the project, students need to integrate the theory, using engineering design process methods, performing work prediction and evaluation, prototyping experiments and trial work, and finally optimizing the work and improving the design. The results of the present study facilitate us get deeper understanding of the practical implementation and engineering thinking skills of gifted students. Suggestions based on the results were generated to improve the future Living Technology curriculum. The findings in this study serve as a reference for the future design, development, and implementation of STEAM curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Used lubricant becomes an issue for environment due to disposal techniques and reuse of it through filtering process is the best technique. This paper tried to determine the characteristics of physical and tribological properties of used lubricant from a filtering process. The used lubricant was collected in service from a car engine after running about 6000 km. A Whatman filter paper was used to reduce impurities in used lubricant. The used lubricants were characterized physically to determine kinematic viscosity, density, pour point, and flash point and tribologically to measure wear rate, CoF, surface texture, scar width of disc, and scar diameter of pin using pin on disc apparatus. The results were compared with virgin oil and they show that the physical and tribological properties of used lubricant were decreased compared to virgin oil. The tribological properties of used oil were good lubrication at a speed of 1400 rpm than 500 rpm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching technical writing to engineering researchers particularly post graduate students is a demanding and complex task. Often the challenge faced by the language instructor is in having inadequate understanding on students' expected writing output which is engineering research publication. While the language instructors may find the language use aspect manageable, it is the understanding on expected writing output for engineering discipline that is a challenge; therefore, supporting language module developers to understand those expected outputs is essential and needed for the advancement in language teaching. In view on the need for the description of the targeted output which is engineering publication, this study focuses on supporting the understanding of engineering research publication specifically on drones. This study is aimed to describe the perimeter of research publication on drones written by prolific engineering writers. This paper uses bibliometric analysis method which is based on identifying the core research and authors, as well as the works that cited them. This study examines 275 research publications indexed in SCOPUS database and also investigates 1947 research publications that cited the 275 publications as reference source. The findings show that the publications are mostly articles, conference papers and reviews deriving mostly from the US, China and the UK whereas the citing documents are mostly from China, the UK and the US. This paper presents the description on the perimeter for both groups. Such description provides a ready narrative to language instructors as well as ready narratives and guidance on writing/content dimension for young scholars embarking on writing scholarly articles on drone research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During recycling of waste paper from private households different fractions containing plastics and polluted paper fibers are received. Current research at the Institute of Polymer Materials and Plastics Engineering at Clausthal University of Technology showed that the use of waste paper as filler and reinforcement in polypropylene leads to nearly the same mechanical properties as natural fibers like flax, sisal and hemp. The present investigations focus on the chemical cleaning of the paper recyclate to treat the fiber surface and to solve foreign plastics like polystyrene. For this purpose Soxhlet extraction with different solvents is used. The received extracts are examined via infrared spectroscopy, as well as the treated and the untreated fibers. Afterwards, the cleaned paper is incorporated into polypropylene. The received composites are investigated regarding their mechanical properties by tensile testing and CHARPY impact testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owed to the enormous advantages like easy disposable, flexible and low cost, eco-friendly performance of paper substrate, microfluidics has expanded a new attention on the flexible substrate in the research field of environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis and food safety analysis applications. Diverse properties of paper and fluid transport mechanism on paper substrate are some crucial facilitating parameters which are used on the fabrication of functional flexible microfluidic device applications in an effectual and analytical way. Transport of any fluids on paper substrate does not require any external force because of the capillary action behavior on paper surface. When drops of fluid at the first time touch the paper substrate surface, it penetrates the paper surface radially. Radial capillary transport used in our daily life using different circumstances such as when ink, water and wine spreads in paper or cloths, rain drops in soil, and dye into yarn. Here, the attention/foundation of work is fluid transport on the texture of WhatmanTM grade 1 filter paper which is commonly used in microfluidic applications as claimed by the previously published articles. In this work, an experimental study is presented on capillary transport in radial direction to understand the texture of the WhatmanTM grade 1 filter paper substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignosulfonate is produced as a waste in the production of paper. Its sodium variant is used in the construction industry as a plasticizer and stabilizing additive in natural-based adhesives. It consists of components that have been subjected to ecotoxicity testing under REACH as individual components (sodium salts C14-16-alkanehydroxy and C14-16-alkene sulfonic acids, sodium hydroxide, octhilinone), not as a whole mixture. Therefore, ecotoxicological tests of the sodium lignosulfonate were performed in this study to assess environmental safety (100 mg/L). Testing was performed on four organisms: algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and crustaceans (Daphnia magna), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae), mustard (Sinapis alba) in acute aquatic tests. The results indicate stimulation of parameters in all model organisms, toxicity was not demonstrated. Therefore, sodium lignosulfonate probably acted as an eutrophicator in aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The currencies of nations have always been transforming throughout the human history. From gold and silver coins to simple coins and paper money then eventually to digital money. The evolutionary period of currency includes both physical and legal extent. With the digital revolution, the evolution of currencies is inevitable. The first attempt at a digital currency was not Bitcoin, but it has been the most successful digital currency and it is now accepted by many major retailers. This report contains a brief description of the evolution of cryptocurrencies, their types, and how and when the prices of different currencies rose. The comprehensive study of the volatility of the market and when to buy or sell the currencies hold the major share throughout the report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The very high theoretical capacity of the silicon (4200mAh/g more than 10 times larger than graphite), environmental-friendly, abundant and low-cost, makes it a potential candidate to replace graphite in high energy density Li-ion batteries. As a drawback, silicon suffers from huge volume changes (300%) on alloying and dealloying with Li, leading a structural deformation that induces disruption. The use of nanostructured silicon materials has been shown to be an effective way to avoid this mechanical degradation of the active material. In this paper the synthesis of silicon nanowires, grown on a highly porous 3D-like carbon paper substrate by CVD using Cu as the catalyst, is presented. The use of carbon paper allows to achieve remarkable loadings of active material (2-5 mg/cm²) and, consequently, high capacity densities. The silicon electrode was investigated both morphologically and electrochemically. To improve the electrochemical performance various strategies have been carried out. It was observed that a very slow first cycle (C/40), which helps the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase on the silicon surface, improves the performance of the cells; nevertheless, their cycle life has been found not fully satisfactory. Morphological analysis of the Si-NWs electrodes before and after cycling showed the presence of a dense silicon layer below the nanowires which could reduce the electrical contact between the active material and the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from the boiler is one of the primary sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) which must be reduced. Nowadays, the boiler emissions discharged into the atmosphere has not been utilized yet. An experiment of Spirulina platensis cultivation in laboratory scale with the addition of CO2 flue gas of coal-fired boilers has been done. CO2 flue gas with a flow rate of 0.25-0.75 L/min was added into paper mill effluent as the growth medium of Spirulina platensis. The biomass growing of Spirulina platensis, pH of medium and CO2 captured during the experiment were observed. The result indicated that CO2 flue gas of coal-fired boilers of the paper mill could be utilized for cultivating of Spirulina platensis. The biomass productivity of Spirulina platensis in the amount of 220 mg/L.day or 39 g/m².day could be obtained with the addition of CO2 flue gas in the flow rate of 0.75 L/min. Spirulina platensis contains protein, fat, fiber, ash and amino acids. It also contains sodium, calcium and magnesium. But it has no cadmium content. It is potentially be used as animal dietary supplements. CO2 flue gas from the boiler emission can be used for cultivation of Spirulina platensis and contribute in reducing of CO2 gas boiler emissions like greenhouse gases (GHG) by 0.20% of total CO2 added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper is now an integral feature of humanoid existence in a multitude of ways, and it is getting more and more popular. In ordinary life, a massive portion of paper is consumed. The difficulty of finding feedstock is becoming ever more acute as paper consumption rises. This ultimately led to the extraction of resources. Since the demand for paper has skyrocketed, recycling paper has become much more popular. The accumulation of vast quantities of waste paper in any big organization, notably institutions of higher education such as schools and universities, seems to be fairly prevalent. It's also worthwhile to make optimum use of recyclable materials (office files, craft papers, registers, etc.). A recyclable machine will help minimise energy consumption and paper waste. The valuable feature of salvaging would be that it lessens the environmental impact by a couple of percent. The design and fabrication of both humanly and remotely controlled paper recycling programmes are studied using previous literature. producing a lightweight, easily handled composting machinery that can be deployed to ease the process and reduce the cost of paper production. Then the effluents would be treated employing various natural filters due to paper recycling. Hibiscus, gooseberry, and vetiver are being used to treat the contaminated water. All of these constituents operate together to clear the water of surplus particles. Waste water treatment is indeed a process of preventing impurities from effluent and transferring them to an effluent that may be recycled into the water cycle. The process of turning waste water into fresh water that can be dispersed directly into the ecosystem. The effluent holds a variety of natural substances, which may also degrade the overall quality of the water. As nothing more than a corollary, water treatment principally helps to clear debris and other pathogens. The level of trash, which is routinely emitted into the ether, is reduced in terms of treatment of wastewater, boosting the atmosphere's health. In this study, both paper reutilization and waste water treatment studies are carried out using various literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]