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Due to the intensive industrial development, there is an increasing need for timely and reliable diagnosis of critical constructions, particularly pipelines. The analysis of the stress-strain state of pipelines, including their welds, is an urgent task, since the existing residual stress gradients in the weld affect sustainably its strength. The object of the study was a welded OCTG pipe made of 13CrVA steel with the increased resistance in corrosive environments. Welded joint was obtained by the induction welding technique, a feature of which is an extremely narrow weld. This circumstance makes it difficult to control residual stresses in such welds by widely used X-ray analysis methods. The method of EBSD analysis was used to qualitatively estimate the residual stresses in individual grains of metal in different zones of the welded pipe. It is shown that there is a qualitative correspondence of the obtained results with a standardized X-ray structural analysis method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planar micro-tracking concentrator photovoltaic modules hold great promises, as they enable the combination of efficiencies greater than 30% with the form factor of conventional rooftop panels operating at fixed tilt. Over the past three years, Insolight has been developing a fixed-tilt system, combining a biconvex silicone lens array, high efficiency multi-junction cells and integrated micro-tracking. A first prototype built in 2016 was validated with a peak conversion efficiency of 36.4 %. On the path towards industrialization of the systems, we present the evolution from the first lab prototype to fully automated panels featuring several thousands cells, installed on a rooftop pilot site. Continuous operation and data logging of the outdoor installation over a year enable us to validate a simple and robust integrated micro-tracking scheme. Recent measurements showed a module efficiency of 29% at concentrated standard test conditions. Different hybrid PV-CPV architectures are under evaluation for the capture of global irradiance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-carbon economy is an inevitable trend of global industrial development. Low-carbon development of sports industry is an inevitable choice for China's sports industry development strategy. Based on the linear interpolation method, this paper realizes the illumination control of stadiums and designs the intelligent power monitoring system of the stadium. The experiment verified the effective performance of the intelligent power monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh is a middle income, Southeast Asian developing country, facing an energy crisis, over population of 166 million, environmental pollution etc. that hinders her industrial as well as socio-economic development. Rajshahi is the 4th most populous city in the country having a population over 0.7 million faces the complexity of municipal solid waste (MSW) management issues. The conventional ways of treating them are landfilling and incineration in open airs that create shortage of land, water contamination, respiratory diseases, skin diseases and irritation of several organs etc. Proper use of these wastes towards power generation will not only solve the electricity scarcity of the country but also reduce the environmental pollution. The daily generation of MSW is estimated as 420 tons consisting of organic matter, paper, plastic, leather & rubber, glass, textile & wood and others. The present study represents a quantitative & comprehensive analysis of electrical power as well as biogas production from MSW for Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC). From this study, it is observed that about 10.2 MW electrical power or 45300 m3 biogas or equivalent to 11.4 kiloton of LPG gas or 22650 L fuel oil could be extracted from MSW which will contribute to fulfill the increasing energy demand in RCC industrial development, making city more clean & green. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial development plays an important role in economic growth but also results in resource depletion, environmental emissions and increased pressure on industries to respond to climate change. To address these challenges from a systems perspective, the concept of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP) and Industrial Symbiosis (IS) has been applied at several industrial complexes around the world producing significant economic, environmental and social benefits. The EIP development uses IS as a driving force which tends to optimize resource flows by considering waste from one company as a raw material for another within the boundaries of an EIP. The experience of South Korea, a highly industrialized country and having more than 1,000 industrial complexes (72% share in the national economic output), provides an exemplary case for most developing countries including Pakistan. With a goal restructuring traditional industrial infrastructure, Korean government initiated a 15-year, 3-phase national EIP program in 2005 which focused on synergistic opportunities among co-located firms rather than the traditional end-of-the-pipe approaches (usually considered inefficient both economically and environmentally). The Korean EIP program was institutionalized under regional EIP centers at five demonstration sites which played an important role in bringing together all stakeholders including businessmen, government officials and researchers. Pakistan’s industrial base (24% of GDP), has been facing several challenges including technological inefficiencies and higher environmental pollution. Eco-industrial development becomes more important for Pakistan considering the recent development of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), with an estimated investment above 40 billion US$ which is intended to modernize local infrastructure and economy along with the creation of special economic zones consisting of manufacturing and processing industries. Therefore, the successful symbiotic exchanges under the Korean EIP model can be thus applied in Pakistan for modernizing local industry by transforming them into EIPs that are economically beneficial, environmentally cleaner and technologically efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is not the near future, but a reality that introduces strong changes, especially evident in the development of the economy. The creation of a digital economy is a preference for the modern level of Russian industrial development. The purpose of the study is to dissect the current state of Russian industry regarding the development of the digital economy. The methodology of "digital twins" as a new product design paradigm for national industry is offered. Theoretical aspects of this methodology are learned and practical sides are analyzed. The pioneer example of using the concept of "digital twins" in product design - the project "Cortege" in automotive industry is described in detail. The implementation of digital product design is one of the most promising optimization directions provided by the Fourth Industrial Revolution for Russian industry. The value of the present study lies in the collaboration of the fundamentals of the digital industry and the diagnosis of the current state of the level of digitalization in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic, social, cultural, natural and environmental utilization for the current generation without compromising future generation have become core goal of the tourism industry to achieve sustainability. However, achieving sustainability is still a big challenge for the global tourism industry including Indonesia. Information communication technology (ICT) offers innovative approaches in marketing, system and process development toward sustainable tourism. The objective of the research is to investigate the sustainability of the current natural tourism and the effect of ICT implementation toward sustainable tourism. Direct observation was conducted to pines forests in Central Java to determine the economic, social and environmental sustainability of the nature tourism industry. The study uses 25 sustainability tourism indicators to evaluate the sustainability level of the tourism villages. Three strategies including Community empowerment, ICT development and human capacity building have been found to offer potential benefits to the economic, social and environmental sustainability of the pines tourism villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diesel oil as an energy source is insufficient to meet the present-day energy demands and rapid industrial development. The goal of this work is to experimentally investigate the effects of using CDB (Cashew Nut Shell Oil diesel blends i.e. B20) mixture of 80% diesel by volume with 20% CNSO with different injection pressures (IP) of 200, 220 and 240 bar respectively. In the present scenario, CNSO is one of the superlative substitute sources which are comparably the cheapest non-edible sources in nature. The test was carried out with CDB in a 4-stroke, single cylinder diesel engine, at a rated power of 4.4 kW and constant speed of 1500 rpm. The effect of combustion analysis of test fuels at a net heat release rate, cylinder pressure, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and cylinder temperature were observed by the performance tests. The experimental results revealed that BTE have improved whereas BSFC of CDB fuelled has been reduced, at 220 bar IP. It is also seen that there is a significant reduction in emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and smoke opacity with 220 bar IP, whereas carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide shows increasing trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is the primary concern in India and it requires more technological developments to be incorporated when compared to other industrial developments. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) provides a simple and cost effective technique to the farmers for enabling the precision agriculture. An information sharing system is developed through this study to support the small scale farmers. The technological developments in smart phone application and web application are used as a path to reach the small scale farmers. The application developed through this study shares an information about sugar cane crop like fertilizer requirement, pesticide requirement etc. This system will provide important and timely information to the small scale farmers like a handy agriculture guide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active urbanisation and industrialisation in Malaysia causing massive waste generation. Depleting of landfills is pushing for a new effective approach to solid waste management which is equally important in ensuring the environment is taken care of and free from pollution. Recently the Malaysian government decides to step up in a new holistic approach to a better waste management system where the new implementation of sorting and separation of waste according to a waste composition such as recyclable waste, residual waste and bulky/garden waste at source. This implementation in which requires people to separate their waste and sort the recyclable waste according to categories such as plastic, metal, paper and others. The idea to design and build an automatic waste sorting recycle bin is to support the initiative to separate different kind of trash according to specific categories at the early stage which is at domestic user such as at home and office. This paper discuss the current problem of waste management and how a prototype of smart sorting recycle bin is being developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) remains one of the effective tools for the numerical modeling of turbulent flows, especially in the field of industrial development. To close the equations, a hierarchy of different-level turbulence models is used, including the two-parameter models of shear stress transfer (SST-models) in the versions of 1993 and 2003. Ten years ago, a correction for the curvature of streamlines was suggested for the calculation of detached flows in the framework of the Rodi-Leshziner-Isaev approach. In recent years, it has been systematically verified using multi-unit computing technologies (MCT) in the VP2/3 package (speed-pressure, 2D / 3D). NCT are based on block intersecting grids intended for displaying different-scale structural elements of separated flows of incompressible fluid and viscous gas. Stationary and periodic, two-dimensional and spatial, sub- and supersonic flows in problems of internal and external aerodynamics, as well as convective heat exchange, having experimental analogs are considered as test problems. The flow in channels with square and circular cavities, heat transfer in a channel with a spherical dimple, flow past a plate with a cylindrical well and a rectangular column, a cylinder with a protruding disc, a semicircular profile, heat transfer during the flow of a single cylinder and a cylinder package represent a rather incomplete list of solved problems. Numerical predictions agree with acceptable accuracy with the experimental data obtained in wind tunnels, on the aeroballistic track and thermophysical stands at the Institute of Mechanics of the MV Lomonosov Moscow State University. Lomonosov, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg State University Peter the Great, IT named after S. Kutateladze of the SB RAS, Rostock and Southampton universities, etc. Comparative analysis of the corrected SST-model with similar models showed that the use of the standard SST-model can lead to a significant error in the estimation of the integral power characteristics (up to 30% in the case of two-dimensional periodic flows). The proposed model, corrected for curvature of streamlines, made it possible to obtain a number of breakthrough results in the area of vortex intensification of heat transfer by oval trenches and aerodynamics of thickened bearing surfaces with vortex cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of Industry 4.0 was influenced organisation to deal with digitalisation environment. Supported with the increasing use of WhatsApp tool has received attention as a driver to enhance communication and development of digital value chain between product, environment and business partners. However, lack of research has address WhatsApp in the construction sector. Further, this research aims to investigate the quality of communication practices through WhatsApp tool ability to managing communication processes in the construction project. The approach of the semi-structured interview was conducted to gain in-depth information from 5 project managers as a respondent which experienced in managing Industrialised Building System (IBS) in Malaysian. Our result shows that WhatsApp application tool increased the efficiency of data sharing and increase quality of communication as a mechanism through which this influence exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is facing an acute energy scarcity which is hampering its industrial growth and economic progress. Setting up of new power plants is inevitably dependent on import of highly volatile fossil fuels. Thus, it is essential to tackle the energy crisis through judicious utilization of abundant the renewable energy resources, such as biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy. India became the world's third largest producer of electricity in the year 2013 and accounts for 4.8% of global share in electricity generation. But its per capita electricity consumption is only 746 kWh, which is lower compared to many countries, though electricity tariff is cheaper in India. Energy is the basic input in all sectors of the nation’s economy, and the standard of living is directly related to per capita energy consumption. As the country is heavily populated, provision of adequate quantities and kinds of energy is a challenge to the government, and the institutions in the country engaged in tasks relating to energy supply and transport. Apart from augmenting the energy supply, renewable resources will help India in mitigating climate change. India is heavily dependent on fossil fuels for its energy needs. There is an urgent need for renewable energy has the potential to create many employment opportunities at all levels, especially in rural areas. An emphasis on presenting the real picture of massive renewable energy potential, it would be possible to attract foreign investments to herald a Green Energy Revolution in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Project success is a foundation for project owner to manage and control not only for the current project but also for future potential projects in construction companies. However, identifying the key success criteria for evaluating a particular project in real practice is a challenging task. Normally, it depends on a lot of factors, such as the expectation of the project owner and stakeholders, triple constraints of the project (cost, time, quality), and company's mission, vision, and objectives. Traditional decision-making methods for measuring the project success are usually based on subjective opinions of panel experts, resulting in irrational and inappropriate decisions. Therefore, this paper introduces a multiattribute decision analysis method (MADAM) for weighting project success criteria by using fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process approach. It is found that this method is useful when dealing with imprecise and uncertain human judgments in evaluating project success criteria. Moreover, this research also suggests that although cost, time, and quality are three project success criteria projects, the satisfaction of project owner and acceptance of project stakeholders with the completed project criteria is the most important criteria for project success evaluation in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, lean manufacturing strategy is very much used to eliminate waste on the manufacturing shop floor. Lean manufacturing has been formulated in response to the fluctuating and competitive business environment. Although it first started in the automotive industry, many organizations in different sectors are enthusiastic to adopt it in order to improve their performance in this competitive globalized market. The aim of this paper is to review the current level of implementation of lean manufacturing practices and the affects of these practices on organizational performances in a multitude of sectors in Malaysian industries. The study is carried out through a thorough review of the literature. It is observed that lean manufacturing is increasingly getting the appropriate attention in Malaysian industries. There are also many challenges in the way, of which numerous attempts are undertaken to overcome them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology is the development and application of products, equipment and systems used to conserve the environment which minimizes the negative impact from human activities. The technology can be in the form of green buildings or renewable energy such as hydro, solar and biogas. Development in SDC is still at the early stage, hence there is a prospect to plan for proper green concept implementation. With the increasing number of construction projects particularly in the rapid developing city of Kota Kinabalu, green technology as a whole is becoming more significant as it helps to develop effective solutions to encounter global environmental issues. Although there has been lengthy discussion on the green technology, the visibility of the implementation is still yet to be seen widely in Kota Kinabalu. The implementation of green technology in construction will support dynamic growth of economic development activities, while improving the environment. Hence, it is important to develop a strategic plan to promote the use of green technology while the areas are still developing. The focus of this correlative-based approach study is to investigate the perception and implementation of green technology in Kota Kinabalu from the industrial perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

River pollution is one the most common hazard in many countries in the world, which includes Malaysia. Many rivers have been polluted because of the rapid growth in industrialization to support the country's growing population and economy. Domestic and industrial sewage, agricultural wastes have polluted the rivers and will affect the water quality. Based on the Malaysia Environment Quality Report 2007, the Department of Environment (DOE) has described that one of the major pollutants is Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Data from DOE in 2004, based on BOD, 18 river basins were classified polluted, 37 river basins were slightly polluted and 65 river basins were in clean condition. In this paper, two models are fitted the data of rivers in Johor state namely Streeter-Phelps model and nonlinear regression (NLR) model. The BOD concentration data for the two rivers in Johor state from year 1981 to year 1990 is analyzed. To estimate the parameters for the Streeter-Phelps model and NLR model, this study focuses on the weighted least squares and Gauss-Newton method respectively. Based on the value of Mean Square Error, NLR model is a better model compared to Streeter-Phelps model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand of power is increasing day by day due to the increase of world population as well as the industrialization and modernization. Depletion of the world's fossil fuel reserves and the adverse effects of their uses on the environment insist the researchers to find out some means of efficient and cost effective alternative energy sources from small to large scales. In a gymnasium the human metabolism power is used to drive the physical exercise devices. However there are a number of exercise device which can have the potential to generate electricity during physical exercise. By converting the available mechanical energy from these exercise devices into kinetic energy, electric power can be produced. In this work, energy was harvested from the most commonly used physical exercise devices used in the gymnasium - paddling and chin up. The paddle pulley and the chin up pulley were connected to the couple pulley which in turn coupled to an alternator by a V-belt to produce electrical energy and a rechargeable battery was used to store electrical energy. The power generation from the device depends upon the speed at which the alternator runs and the age limit. The electrical energy output was observed 83.6 watt at 1300 rpm and 62.5 watt at1150 rpm alternator speed for the paddling and chin up respectively recorded for an average adult. The device was designed for a constant 49N load on the alternator for both paddling and chin up operation. By running each of these devices for about 12 hours in a day, any gymnasium can avoid burning of almost 23.67 kg and 31.6 kg of diesel fuel per year for chin up and paddling respectively. Also it can cut off the CO2 emission to the environment which reveals itself a standalone green micro gym. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone cell attachment to Ti implant surfaces is the most concerned issue in the clinical implant dentistry. Many attempts to achieve the fast and strong integration between bone and implant have been tried in many ways, such as selection of materials (for example, Ti, ZrO2), shape design of implant (for example, soft tissue level, bone level, taped or conical, etc), and surface modification of implants (for example, roughed. coated, hybrid), etc. Among them, a major consideration is the surface design of dental implants. The surface with proper structural characteristics promotes or induces the desirable responses of cells and tissues. To obtain such surface which has desiraBone cell attachment to Ti implant surfaces is the most concerned issue in the clinical implant dentistry. Many attempts to achieve the fast and strong integration between bone and implant have been tried in many ways, such as selection of materials (for example, Ti, ZrO2), shape design of implant (for example, soft tissue level, bone level, taped or conical, etc), and surface modification of implants (for example, roughed. coated, hybrid), etc. Among them, a major consideration is the surface design of dental implants. The surface with proper structural characteristics promotes or induces the desirable responses of cells and tissues. To obtain such surface which has desirable cell and tissue response, a variety of surface modification techniques has been developed and employed for many years. In this review, the method and trend of surface modification will be introduced and explained in terms of the surface topography and chemistry of dental implants.ble cell and tissue response, a variety of surface modification techniques has been developed and employed for many years. In this review, the method and trend of surface modification will be introduced and explained in terms of the surface topography and chemistry of dental implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial archeology is a branch that studies all the testimony (tangible and intangible, direct and indirect) related to the process of industrialization since its origins. This technical field is based on an interdisciplinary approach, it has the task of deepening the story, understanding the technological development made by man over the centuries. The present work focused attention on the study and analysis of a masonry kiln, built with the technique of hollow clay fictile tubules. The study, in particular, has been carried out analyzing the stress state caused by the wind on the structure. The kiln is constituted by a particular geometric configuration that develops in height due to the presence of chimney over the dome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Technology Innovation Agency (TIA) has funded a South African central receiver collector technology development project, called Helio100. The project aims to provide South Africa's first commercially viable heliostat technology, which is both low in cost and offers high local content potential. A top-down approach is employed for heliostat cost reduction. This approach incorporates interlinked tools which move from high level cost analyses based on qualitative data during early stages of conceptual design, to detailed quantitative analyses in the final stages of design. Low cost heliostat designs are realized by the incorporation of both a top-down and bottom-up method. The current H100 design results in heliostat costs of $155/m2 at 20 000 units p.a. while further industrialisation results in heliostat costs of $126/m2 at 20 000 units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrialization of the resin transfer molding process is a major objective in reducing production cost for FRPs thus making it more competitive for use in large scale applications. Normally, shorter cycle times run into the risk of quality inconsistencies. The creation of voids is influenced by various process parameters, such as mold temperature, resin flow rate and fiber volume content. With knowledge of the effects of these parameters on the process, a specific approach to reducing void content is made while reducing processing time. In order to achieve this objective, in particular, capillary forces and its influence on impregnation of the fiber bundle were examined. A DOE approach was chosen to lead to the determination of interactions. The results target at a pre-determination of required process parameter to obtain consistent part quality with reduced cycle time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is defined as a condition in which an individual has an excess of body fat and it is accumulated to the extent that it can lead to numerous health problems and decreases the quality and length of life. Overall, the contributing factor to obesity varies. Lack of physical activity and increased sedentary behaviour has been identified as the causes of weight gain and various health implications including obesity. Rapid development in industrialization and urbanization has brought Malaysia to be the next millennium country in the world, and this causes changes in the country's socioeconomic, especially the lifestyles of Malaysians. In conjunction with this, the aim of this paper is to simulate the changes in physical activities and to highlight its implication on body weight and prevalence of overweight and obesity in a Malaysian adult population. This study combines different strands of knowledge consisting of nutrition, physical activity and body metabolism, and these elements have been synthesised into a system dynamics model called SIMULObese. The development of this model has considered the interrelations between those various strands in one multifaceted human weight regulation system. Findings from this study revealed that Malaysian adults perform less physical activity and this has resulted in weight gain and increase in prevalence of overweight and obesity. Therefore, findings from this study bring the important message to various parties such as practitioners, researchers, educators and publics about the importance of focusing on combinations of intensity, frequency and duration of moderate-vigorous activity for adult obesity control in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to identify the main factors that contribute to the gold production and hence determine the factors that affect to the development of the mining industry in Malaysia. An econometric approach was used by performing the cointegration analysis among the factors to determine the existence of long term relationship between the gold prices, the number of gold mines, the number of workers in gold mines and the gold production. The study continued with the Granger analysis to determine the relationship between factors and gold production. Results have found that there are long term relationship between price, gold production and number of employees. Granger causality analysis shows that there is only one way relationship between the number of employees with gold production in Malaysia and the number of gold mines in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a methodological framework under the form of an algorithmic procedure, including 28 activity stages and 6 decision nodes, has been developed for evaluating environmental impact caused by industrial activities. The main part of this procedure is a modification of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is heavily relied on survey-based estimation of WTP-WTA (willingness to pay/accept, respectively). The survey may take place either under a strictly controlled environment or in situ and as-is ('laboratory conditions' or 'field conditions', respectively, in the terminology of experimental economics). Implementation of this methodology is presented, referring to three cases of industrial pollution (in three different sites) caused by (i) a cement producing units, (ii) an oil refinery complex, and (iii) an industrialized small city with an intensively polluted port, where several industrial units co-exist, all of them located in the vicinity of Athens, Greece. The results are interpreted/discussed and conclusions are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now it is the moment for CPV to become a reliable solution for large scale electricity generation, because it is one of the technologies with higher efficiency, and moreover, it has still margin for improvement. In order to continue with this development, it is important to introduce, in the design of the installations, all the lessons learned during the operation of pilot plants. This paper presents the operation results obtained at the ISFOC pilot plants, during the first three and a half years of operation, and the NACIR project. The CPV technology is not demonstrating signs of degradation which could reduce its high capability of transforming light into electricity. From the operation issues, valuable information is obtained in order to improve the design, turning CPV prototypes into an industrialized product ready to compete with other technologies, making a great effort in the reduction of the installation costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulse laser processing has been developed for the application of industrial plants in monitoring and maintenance. Surface cleaning by nano-second laser ablation was demonstrated for decontamination of oxide layers of Cr contained steel. Direct writing by femtosecond processing induced a Bragg grating in optical fiber to make it a seismic sensor for structural health monitoring. Adhesive cement was used to fix the seismic sensor on the surface of reactor coolant pipe material. Pulse laser processing and its related technologies were presented to overcome the severe accidents of nuclear power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3E (Energy, Economics and Education) are three concepts of community development, and 3E concepts are interlinked between each other. 3E concept is divided into three levels of regions, remote area or villages, small towns and metropolitan cities, and there are different problems of each region. This paper analyzes the relations between energy, economics and education in the metropolitan and industrial city. Especially the influence of nuclear energy concerning at cost production of the industrial and the contribution of education and research for nuclear energy innovation. This relation can be explained using 'S-curve'. The results of this study is the comparison between the product involves the use of nuclear energy or not in the production process are explained using 'S-curve' and its effect on the global economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decision to design and build a new aircraft is preceded by years of research and study. Different disciplines work together throughout the lifecycle to ensure not only a complete functional definition of the product, but also a complete industrialization, a marketing plan, a maintenance plan, etc. This case study focuses on the conceptual design phase. During this phase, the design solutions that will meet the functional and industrial requirements are defined, i.e.: the basic requirements of industrialization. During this phase, several alternatives are studied, and the most attractive in terms of performance and cost requirements is selected. As a result of the study of these alternatives, it is possible to define an early conceptual design of the assembly line and its basic parameters. The plant needs, long cycle jigs & tools or industrial means and human resources with the necessary skills can be determined in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document describes the experience gained from the project of implementing the Digital Manufacturing methodology to validate the industrial design of the AIRBUS A400M Final Assembly Line (FAL) in a virtual environment using state of the art Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) tools. The project has generated a remarkable innovation in the industrialization methods and tools used in AIRBUS Military, contributing to the A400M program success. The document presents: the background and reasons motivating the project, the context and the main barriers identified, and the definition of a Final Assembly Line. An innovative concept of industrial Digital Mock-Up (iDMU) was coined, representing the interoperable grouping of product, processes and manufacturing resources data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

III-V Multi-junction solar cells provide today's highest photovoltaic conversion efficiencies and have entered the terrestrial market giving new drive to the concept of concentrator photovoltaics (CPV). Together with Fraunhofer ISE, AZUR SPACE has carried out intensive research regarding device architectures, material studies and processing. Continuous improvement of production processes at AZUR SPACE and the incorporation of a high bandgap top cell have recently led to concentrator cells with an average efficiency of 39.1% (500×AM1.5d). The target for this structure is to achieve close to 40% efficiency after further optimization. Metamorphic cell structures will increase efficiencies to values above 40%. This paper summarizes the current production status of the 3C35 solar cell with efficiencies above 35% as well as the status of the 3C38 design with a lean production process and an average efficienciy of 38%. Furthermore the development of the 3C40 cell structure with high-bandgap top cell is introduced and first results on the transfer of the metamorphic cell design from Fraunhofer ISE to AZUR SPACE are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to propose a dynamic analysis for industrial cluster evolution based on the Lotka-Volterra model. Particularly, an empirical competition case between Southern and Central Taiwan Science Park (STSP and CTSP) will be adopted in this study to demonstrate the validity of the dynamic approach. The results reveal that the competitive relationship between STSP and CSTP may be a predator-prey interaction type. The existence of STSP and its investment growth will be a positive assistance for developing the latter CTSP area. Contrarily, the growth of CTSP will probably compete with the resource of STSP and inhibit the sustained growth of STSP. In addition, there do not exist an equilibrium point in the competition relationship of these two clusters recently, which the STSP and CTSP area could coexist with a sustained growth in this current short-term stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shelf zones of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea become quickly major areas of industrial and technological development owing to growing population in these regions and vast natural resources available in these areas. Understanding and assessment of risks of natural and human-made hazards in these areas contributes to strengthening the scientific and technological basis of a number of industries. Results of numerical modeling of the pollution transport and dispersal in the Caspian Sea are reported in this paper. Also we discuss applications of the observation system designed on drilling platforms to monitor coastal zone geophysical and ecological hazards. Our modeling and monitoring system can provide a reliable control of ecological situation in coastal zones of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and forecast possible hazardous changes. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An overview on the development of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems heated with concentrated sunlight (STPV) and with a combustion flame (CTPV) is given. Only a few experimental works on STPV are reported. Lifetime investigations of TPV emitters in solar dish concentrators were carried out. A complete STPV system reported in the literature achieved a system efficiency below 0.1 %. In contrast to these experiments we present simulations, which show that an optimised STPV system with Yb2O3 emitter and high efficient Si solar cells is able to achieve a system efficiency in the order of 30 %. Quite more experimental results are reported for CTPV systems, but a series production and commercialisation of CTPV was not achieved, so far. An application for a CTPV system is a portable electrical power supply. The highest system efficiency reported so far is 6 %. Whether this efficiency is sufficient to successfully compete with generators driven by a gas engine or a diesel motor, remains unclear. Another application for CTPV that was reported is a gas fired stove, which produces electricity in addition to heat. The application of a CTPV system for electrically autonomous domestic central heating systems could probably result in a first commercialisation of TPV. For this application, a system efficiency in the order of 1 % is sufficient. A gas fired TPV system is presented, which uses a novel foam ceramic emitter made from Yb2O3 and commercially available Si solar cells. The proof-of-concept of this prototype CTPV system could successfully be furnished. Possible applications for this CTPV system are: electrically autonomous domestic heating systems, parking heating systems for vehicles, heaters for caravans and boats or large industrial burner systems. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid waste management in Malaysia was still in a backward stage. Population growth, urbanization and rapid industrialization led to an increase in the solid waste generated by society. Solid waste management is one of the main problems faced by the community, especially in the city. Solid waste management costs of the collection, collecting, transporting waste to the landfill, is very high. The quantity of solid waste should be reduced in order to reduce government spending. Moreover, improper solid waste management caused a negative impact on people and the environment. Method of recycling is one of the best alternatives to reduce the number of solid waste. Therefore, this study was to identify methods of recycling used tires to be used in civil engineering. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness and properties of rubber from used tires to be add in the road kerb design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]