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For the moment the energy safety of the Kaliningrad region (KR) is largely dependent on the mutual electrical energy exchange through existing connections to Lithuania and further to Belarus and Russia. Taking into account the upcoming KR energy system disconnection from Lithuania, followed by isolated operation (starting from 2025) and wind energy potential of KR, the question of electrical production by the wind as an option for KR sustainable development should be considered. The paper aims to compare three different connection possibilities for onshore power plans (WPP) of different capacity (30 and 90 MW) based on preliminary system power flow calculations using an especially developed energy system model, which are: 1. connection of WPPs to the existing substations of the grid; 2. connection of WPPs to "Wind Grid" ("WG") – new lines and substations in energy system especially constructed for wind energy production; 3. simultaneous connection of WPPs to existing substations and to "WG". The conclusion of the paper is 1st the option is the cheapest, but not viable because WPPs create additional problems with voltage levels and lines overload. Some measures to overcome observed problems are proposed. The electrical system parameters, such as voltage levels, power flows, and power losses are very close for the 3rd and 2nd options. The 3rd option is more expensive, because of additional switching equipment, but most flexible and easy to handle for the system operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to new scientific approaches to the formation of the transport and logistics infrastructure in major cities of the country. The paper considers solving the problem of transport cost reducing, as a significant part of the production cost in an industrial sector of the economy and enterprises, by implementing a complex of logistics operations in the field of transport services. The purpose of the theoretical paper is a mathematical formalization of the solution of the particular problems of optimizing the traffic control on the basic network of transport highways with varying degrees of detail of municipal facilities. There is a set of mathematical models developed to adequately describe the temporal characteristics of developing the transport and logistics complexes of the cities with the possibility of their optimization at any time according to a given set of parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the main issues in reaching the modern level of cargo handle capacity for railroads of the Eastern Part of Russia. The main problems troubles of the current development strategy for Eastern polygon of the Russian Railways have been identified. Based on review of best practices of the overseas railroads in the bulk and intermodal cargo transportation, this paper proposed a direction for intensive railroad capacity development using the set of the key technologies for heavy-haul trains. The main idea of the paper is to take advantage of the distributed power for the heavy-haul trains to reduce longitudinal dynamics and lower rail track wear. It is necessary to dramatically revise the technical requirements for locomotives of next generation and make them more adopted to the operating model and conditions of the Eastern polygon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, heavy haul traffic on AC railways of Russia has caused an increase in electric currents flowing through the elements of the traction power supply system and track circuits, which significantly exceed the design values. Increased electrical loads complicate the operation of traction substations elements, contact networks, relay protection and automation devices, signaling, centralization and blocking system. A significant problem with increasing loads is a rail potential magnification, which violates electrical safety and can even lead to failures and interruptions in railway traffic. The paper investigates rail potential formation along the entire length of the intersubstation zone between traction substations by means of simulation model developing throw MathLAB Simulink software. Based on the findings, further research opportunities for a quantitative assessment of changes and early identification of rail potentials critical values at AC railways. The novelty in this paper lies in the identified and constructed graphics for rail potentials dependence on electrical resistances of different elements and circuit parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Car-sharing is a phenomenon, which is becoming increasingly widespread, first of all, in large cities. Since its inception in Russia, this phenomenon has become the object of scientific research by scientists from various branches of science, as well as the object of attention of journalists and practitioners. The benefits of car-sharing are obvious, its active use in megalopolises and large cities allows eliminating traffic jams, mitigating the problem of the lack of parking spaces, and reducing the amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. At the same time, there are many problematic aspects in the concept of car-sharing, primarily in the legal sphere, which are exacerbated as it spreads and increases in popularity. First of all, it is the problem of the safety of using carsharing for the driver and passengers. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure the adherence to the rights of car-sharing users, on the one hand, and the car-sharing company, on the other hand, which is possible only by detailed and effective legal regulation. The main legal problems of using car-sharing in Russia, including the issues of the security of this service are analysed in this paper. Based on the study conducted, the authors have developed recommendations for improving the legal regulation of the use of car-sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the issues concerning the investigation of the deformation properties of the soft saturated clayey soils by means of static sounding and dynamic probing, as well as plate bearing test. It is indicated that with using static sounding and dynamic probing, the reliable deformation characteristics of soils can be obtained. The paper presents the static sounding and dynamic probing procedures that are currently used in Russia. The plate-bearing test utilizing various in size bearing plates is also described in the paper. The procedure for obtaining the necessary results is described, methods for evaluating the results are considered, and the main key points of these studies are given. The article draws conclusions. It is indicated, that on the basis of the numerous field investigations carried out during the time period of 1992-2020, it appeared impossible to establish a robust agreement between the deformation characteristics of soft saturated clay, determined using static sounding and dynamic probing tests, and those determined using the plate-bearing test performed with the bearing plates of 600, 3000 and 500 sq. cm, as well as deformation characteristics obtained from the laboratory tests results [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need of improvement in the Russian Federation electronic industry enterprise competitiveness presents qualitatively new requirements to the instrumental means of economic analysis. To a certain extent, this applies to the problems of factor analysis. The paper suggests a method of using a Box-Jenkins model for possible production factor increment values forecasting. The paper contains interpretation of the results obtained. The proposed instrument of predictive factor analysis can be used in practice to support management decisions dealing with strategic development of industrial enterprises and increasing their economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the transformation of systems properties of the coal industry in Russia, which are a result of changes in the economic conditions in the industry. The focus is on the factors influencing the national and regional coal industry development and their transformation. The study shows that these factors differ significantly for various regions of Russia. The toolkit (an information-model complex) developed with the participation of the authors for research on the prospects for the coal industry development is presented. Systems properties of the coal industry and factors that affect its development were factored in when developing the toolkit. The experience of research conducted using the tools presented in the paper has shown their sufficient flexibility and adaptability depending on changing conditions in the coal industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification and analysis of low-frequency oscillations (LFO) in the parameters of the electrical regime are significant for the efficient operation of power systems. The decision-making loop in most dispatching centers of large system operators includes LFO monitoring. It belongs to one of the most relevant areas of synchrophasor measurement data processing. There are several methods have for determining the source of forced oscillations. However, due to the scale and internal heterogeneity of the power systems, no one provides a final solution to the problem in practice. The paper proposes a combination of methods based on the analysis of the oscillation energy and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the measuring signals. The paper considers the examples of the LFO analysis in actual cases in the power system of Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are the results of the electrical energy consumption research in a residential apartment building which is located in the Moscow region. Authors have given the information of the apartment electricity consumption with two people living. Research period is 2018 - 2022. Researchers have considered the main sources of electrical energy consumption in a typical apartment and in common property in this paper. It has been determinated the part of the considered apartment electrical energy consumption in the total consumption of electrical energy in an apartment building by authors of this paper. Researchers presented the information of the electric energy cost changes for the research period in the territory where were built considered building. It has been described the view and technical characteristics of the building by authors in this paper. There is the information of energy consumption in the cold, warm and transitional periods of the year. This work could be useful for companies which are in the field of managing common property, specialists from various areas of the municipal service complex, as well as developers who plan investments to residential construction in the Moscow region and other regions of the Russian Federation with similar climatic characteristics. This article is also could be used for the urban planning policy development in the field of providing electrical energy to settlements with a population less than 100 000 people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the role of atomic energy in the energy balance and the nuclear industry development strategies of countries. The development problems of the Russian nuclear industry, which is the most important condition for ensuring energy independence and stable growth of the country's economy, have been identified. The paper describes the specifics of atomic energy, its strengths and weaknesses, as well as risks and opportunities. A brief overview of the theoretical fundamentals of the modern theory of clusters and various scientific approaches to the concept of a cluster is given, the domestic nuclear industry development specifics are shown, and the existence of the nuclear industry cluster in Russia, its effective functioning, and successful development is justified. The mechanism of state management and financial support of the nuclear industry cluster has been formulated, and the role of its research complex in the Russian nuclear industry development has been determined. The expediency of improving the mechanism for managing and funding the research complex of the nuclear industry cluster using the model of creating a state fund for supporting scientific, research, and innovative activities in the field of atomic energy has been justified, which, among other things, will improve the efficiency of budgetary expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are the possible reasons for changes in hot water supply system's quality of Kirovsk. It has been investigated the most probable source of iron in hot water supply system by authors of this paper. Authors analyze the chemical composition of original water which has been used for cold and hot water supply system of several cities in Murmansk region. Researcher has pointed out the most significant indicators of original water's chemical composition which are affect to the determination of iron's increasing source. It has been determined the locations of sampling sites at a typical combined power plant with installed chemical water treatment and deaerator. Authors has proposed the various methods of water treatment at the Apatity power plant for cities heat supply system. Also, it has included pre-boiled water treatment. This work was performed by authors in project: "Clean water", Kirovsk. This project is a part of Federal Program "Clean water" which is in a structure of Russian water strategy until 2020. Funding and coordination of the program is by relevant ministries - the Russian Federation Ministry of Construction and Municipal Services, the Russian Federation Ministry of Economic Development and JSC "Institute of microeconomics". The total funding volume of Program is 331.8 billion rubles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data on the apartment buildings technical condition are a huge digital array for making important management decisions both within the boundaries of individual territories of municipal formation, and for planning budget expenditures within the municipality, the subject of the federation and the country as a whole. In this paper the aspects of forming data on apartment buildings in various information systems are considered. Also, the basics of ensuring the reliability of the presented data are studied. The paper notes that for many years, during the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, the requirements of technical regulations and regulatory documents on the maintenance and operation of apartment buildings are not fully observed by operating organizations. The deadlines for replacing the systems and equipment that have worked out are not met. It is noted that the federal legislators and the Government of the Russian Federation have not defined a general procedure for monitoring the technical condition of apartment buildings and have not formed a common approach to assessing their technical condition, the owners' obligation to finance these works has not been defined, their frequency has not been determined. It is shown that the data obtained during the condition monitoring of apartment buildings combined in federal and regional information systems would be an objective marker in the formation of state and municipal programs in the field of reducing the unfit for living housing fund monitoring financing mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a study of the contemporary education system of African countries. It is noted that some African students prefer to obtain higher education abroad, including in the Russian Federation. Africa is progressing rapidly, and education has become an important factor of the continent's stable social, political and economic development. This pertains in particular to the Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality Education. One of the main interests of almost all African countries is the formation of a higher education system that meets modern requirements. There is an urgent task of improving qualifications and employment of young people, whose numbers are rapidly increasing. The paper describes reforms that are being carried out in the system of training professional personnel. It is concluded that the development of education will not only help African countries "grow" own specialists in necessary fields, but also provide educational services at the continental and world level, thereby attracting additional capital to national economies. The author makes an attempt to highlight countries in Africa that are most actively raising the level of training of highly qualified personnel and becoming leaders in the field of higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper substantiates the systemic limitation of the application of the concept of a smart city in terms of duration of the planning horizon. It is shown that use of this method shall be based on the prerequisites for transforming the urban system itself in order to correspond to the current economic situation. In the analytical part of the paper, the assumption is substantiated that the method that makes it possible to assess and predict changes in the stage of the life cycle of the industrial system of a city are multidimensional classification algorithms that allow to separate objects in accordance with similar characteristics. The feature space of the problem of multidimensional classification will be an array of assessments of factors characterizing the state of the regional industrial system, such as: presence of markets for products to neighboring regions/countries, the availability of infrastructure for implementation of expanded production, and availability of raw materials and labor resources, the intensity of competition; availability of raw materials and local labor resources. As a result of approbation, research results were obtained with a sufficient level of statistical significance based on the estimates of these factors in the 50 largest cities of Russia. In conclusion, it was concluded that the regional industrial subsystems of the largest cities in Russia are at different stages of the life cycle, with the majority at the growth stage, which suggests that in these regions it is necessary to set the goal of long-term preservation of ecological landscapes, the load on which will continue grow in the coming decades. At the same time, in cities with industrial subsystems at the stage of maturity, it is necessary to plan for transition to a new type of arrangement of the regional economy, assuming that the next generation of residents will be mainly employed in the service sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows that the features of development of urban planning policy in Russia, in a historical context, are associated with the fact that large-scale urban planning until recently was not carried out in current conditions, while urban planning realities were based on the Soviet legacy created in other economic conditions, with the assumption of other economic, social and spiritual needs of the city people, both existing and potential. With the change in the economic formation, strategic urban planning, until recently, was not carried out on the required scale; the basic goal on the scale of urban development was to ensure the survival of the population, which also had a negative impact on the state of the space of post-Soviet Russian cities. It is concluded that at present it is necessary to rethink the principles of development of Russian cities, which differ significantly from the urban planning practice of other developed and developing countries. The results of the study indicate that it is necessary to rethink the functionality of the urban environment, its consistent and systematic planning. In conclusion, the paper shows that in order to solve the set tasks, it is necessary to rethink the heritage of several economic and cultural structures of society, considering the current socio-economic and cultural situation. Wherein, the data for the period since 2000 show that at present it is necessary to search for interaction between the various dominants of the city. In modern conditions, decisions in the field of urban planning policy adopted in previous historical periods do not correspond to the current situation; to a greater extent, it is determined by economic reasons or local social priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper makes a comparative analysis of the chemical composition and baking qualities of flour of the main cereals: wheat, rye and triticale. The advantages and disadvantages of each crop are marked. The data collected by the authors provide a sufficiently detailed description of a popular and highly-demanded grain crop on the world market – triticale. Using the studies of domestic and foreign researchers-technologists of the baking industry, the authors conclu-sively prove the advantages of triticale grain flour. They mark therapeutic qualities of bakery products made with the use of this flour. The paper discusses various techniques for producing dough using triticale flour. We give a description of the useful properties of bread baked from dough of various kneading. Our article gives a good overview of the evaluation system of bread quality from triticale flour and a combination of triticale and wheat flour in various ratios. Moreover, it helps to get a ranking score for all indicators. The article's authors see the improvement of bread baking technology, the use of advanced additives that enhance the bakery products with triticale flour and give them therapeutic qualities. The article brings into sharp focus the importance of triticale in expanding the raw material base of the bakery industry. More-over, the world leaders in the production of triticale are named, as well as the leaders in the gross collections of triticale in the Russian Federation. The paper generalizes the practical experience of Russian bakers in the production of various types of bakery products with triticale flour. The authors mention the main varieties produced in different Russian regions. Also, they mark innovations of domestic baking industry. The article concludes with a review of promising directions for the triticale flour use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers a relatively new issue: the role analysis of Russian cross-border regions in food provision of the country and ensuring food security of the regions themselves. The methodological foundation of the analysis was the studies conducted by Russian scientists, legal documents of the government, distribution statistics of public investments in the cross-border regions. The authors amply demonstrate the inequality in distribution of federal funds to the fixed capital of the cross-border regions, highlight the leading regions and outsider regions. The article assesses the economic development level of groups of cross-border regions, isolated by geographical feature. It is quite convincingly remarked that the Russian Federation has not formed an effective policy regarding the border territories in general, and ensuring their food security, in particular. The cross-border regions occupy a significant part in federal investments. Nevertheless, priority regions that are in acute need of state support to ensure their accelerated development have not been determined. In depressed regions, the average per capita consumption of staple foods that meets the guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation from 2016 has not yet been provided. The authors have traced the underconsumption of such essential human health products as milk, dairy products and vegetables to low incomes of the population. The abandoned status of some territories is the cause of their plight. Today, the issues of these territories are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Regional Development, which mainly solves the general problems of the regions. They do not consider the particularities of the cross-border territories and the significance of their development for ensuring food security in Russia. The paper concludes with the specific proposals for solving the topical issues of ensuring food security of the cross-border regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking advantage of the potential of daylighting in the building helps to save energy used for artificial lighting. In Russia and other countries, where most of the energy is consumed for heating in winter, the increased window area leads to a reduction in the energy costs of artificial lighting but increases the heat loss through the windows blocks. Some studies contain criteria for assessing the feasibility of increasing the area of window, however, the influence of artificial light sources have not included. In this paper, the thermal balance of the room is considered, including the influence of artificial light sources, heat gain from solar radiation and transmission heat loss through window blocks. By calculating the difference in the thermal balance of the room after and before the increase in the window area, an expression of the criterion for evaluating the benefits of increasing the window area by energy indicators was obtained. Based on the cost of heat and electricity, the expression of the criterion for assessing the benefits of economic indicators was proposed. According to the presented criteria, the calculation for different function spaces: residential, office and school classes designed for Moscow was carried out. It is shown that, according to energy indicators, an increase in the window area is unprofitable or low profitable for residential and office premises, but beneficial for the school class. In conclusion, the paper shows the possibility of evaluating the energy efficiency of increasing the area of the window using the developed criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the formation and development of Vietnam's metallurgical industry and the recent crisis are presented. The cause of the underdevelopment is backward production technology and slow transformation to meet the increasing requirements of the market. The paper also clarifies the development of automatic control system (ACS) and the production execution system (MES) in metal production in the world and Russia can be applied in Vietnam; The current problem of Vietnam's metallurgical industry is that the production technology is still outdated, the output is low, the product quality is not high and consumes a lot of energy. The solution to solve the above problems is to improve technology based on applying automatic control systems and MES systems to the operation and production of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]