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Taking advantage of the potential of daylighting in the building helps to save energy used for artificial lighting. In Russia and other countries, where most of the energy is consumed for heating in winter, the increased window area leads to a reduction in the energy costs of artificial lighting but increases the heat loss through the windows blocks. Some studies contain criteria for assessing the feasibility of increasing the area of window, however, the influence of artificial light sources have not included. In this paper, the thermal balance of the room is considered, including the influence of artificial light sources, heat gain from solar radiation and transmission heat loss through window blocks. By calculating the difference in the thermal balance of the room after and before the increase in the window area, an expression of the criterion for evaluating the benefits of increasing the window area by energy indicators was obtained. Based on the cost of heat and electricity, the expression of the criterion for assessing the benefits of economic indicators was proposed. According to the presented criteria, the calculation for different function spaces: residential, office and school classes designed for Moscow was carried out. It is shown that, according to energy indicators, an increase in the window area is unprofitable or low profitable for residential and office premises, but beneficial for the school class. In conclusion, the paper shows the possibility of evaluating the energy efficiency of increasing the area of the window using the developed criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are the results of the electrical energy consumption research in a residential apartment building which is located in the Moscow region. Authors have given the information of the apartment electricity consumption with two people living. Research period is 2018 - 2022. Researchers have considered the main sources of electrical energy consumption in a typical apartment and in common property in this paper. It has been determinated the part of the considered apartment electrical energy consumption in the total consumption of electrical energy in an apartment building by authors of this paper. Researchers presented the information of the electric energy cost changes for the research period in the territory where were built considered building. It has been described the view and technical characteristics of the building by authors in this paper. There is the information of energy consumption in the cold, warm and transitional periods of the year. This work could be useful for companies which are in the field of managing common property, specialists from various areas of the municipal service complex, as well as developers who plan investments to residential construction in the Moscow region and other regions of the Russian Federation with similar climatic characteristics. This article is also could be used for the urban planning policy development in the field of providing electrical energy to settlements with a population less than 100 000 people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies formation of pine communities on the example of 10 permanent observation plots. Features of natural renewal under the forest canopy were revealed. Formation of the second tier was considered. When creating pine monocultures, forest stands with multi-species composition begin to form by the age of 60 years. It is shown that composition of the pine stands is characterized by the multi-vertex distribution. This is due to heterogeneity of the forest stand. Second tier of broad-leaved species is formed in the pine trees. Ability of pine plantings in the Moscow region to maintain stability at the age of more than 160 years was noted. Types of forest forming on rich soils are suitable for pine planting with inclusion of the broad-leaved species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While it is evident that photovoltaic installations are becoming more and more widespread globally, demand for them in the Russian market remains low. Considering recent changes in the legal framework, which are beneficial for households with renewable energy, it is crucial to evaluate photovoltaic installation's economic feasibility for the Russian context, which is evaluated in this article. First, the authors created an hourly electricity consumption profile for a typical Russian multifamily house. Then a PV installation was designed and scaled to reach annual net-zero balance and net-zero balance in July for different ways of installing PV modules. After that, a monthly energy balance, considering underproduction and overproduction of electrical energy, was calculated. Finally the costs of PV electricity were calculated including purchased equipment, costs for installation as well as cost for buying electricity not covered by the PV modules and sold electricity during hours of overproduction. The economical evaluation was performed assuming a 30 year lifetime for the PV installation. It is concluded in this paper that PV installations can be profitable in the Russian market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance and purpose of work: The problem of environmental pollution during the operation of municipal solid waste disposal facilities (hereinafter referred to as MSW) is acute for all Russian regions. At the same time, the world experience of environmentally safe development of post reclamation MSW landfills territories is not sufficiently implemented in Russia. Therefore, the actual purpose of this paper is to study the international and Russian experience in the implementation of development projects on the territories of MSW landfills, to consider the current situation with MSW landfills on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region, to analyze negative implementation experience of the post-reclamation territory use concept in the MSW landfill "Salarievo" case. A comprehensive analysis of the Russian regulatory framework and methodological developments on the design and improvement of public areas in reclaimed areas of MSW landfills, as well as the best foreign practices compared to Russian ones. The research object is landfills of MSW. The research subject is the principal approaches to the implementation of development projects in the territories after the reclamation of landfills of MSW. The received results: the foreign and Russian methodology and practice of rational post reclamation use of the MSW landfills territory practically don't differ. However, at present there is no regulatory framework in Russia allowing to stipulate in the reclamation project further use of such a territory. The former MSW "Salarievo" landfill case gives grounds to formulate the principle that the improvement of the landfill territory is secondary compared to the possible reduction of the sanitary protection zone, which allows significant compacting of the adjacent residential complex "Salarievo Park" (to increase the number of storeys, the buildings density and the final investment attractiveness of the development project). In order to implement the national project "Ecology" and the Clean Country program as part of it, it is essential to develop a regulatory framework for the design of reclamation and elimination of MSW landfills, which allows to obtain Roskomnadzor's permission to use such territories for the investment-attractive development of multi-functional purposes in demand by the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of digital educational resources has become an integral part of student learning. Of particular interest is the study of the possibilities of electronic educational resources in the context of teaching people over 50 years old. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that this category of people is in urgent need obtaining of a quality education for the effective continuation of their work. The paper presents an analysis of the literature on the topic of using electronic educational resources. The authors describe the creation and application of an online course for teaching people over 50 years old. There is also a description of the capabilities of the digital platform "Digital College of the Moscow Region". The results of the study indicated the effectiveness of using this course. According to the results of the course, all students passed the exam in the WorldSkils format at a high level, which indicates their high preparation. The study of this topic allows us to form important questions on the use of electronic educational resources for training students over 50 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the possibility of reducing the atmospheric ecological load from highways by applying compounds with photocatalytic properties on acoustic screens. It has been established that the amount of nitrogen oxides exceeds MPC standards in the territory of Moscow. In this paper, we offer a potential way to reduce the level of average daily and maximum single MPC of nitrogen oxides, by the use of photocatalytic compositions in traditional acoustic coatings. The use of titanium dioxide in its anatase form is proposed to impart photocatalytic properties. Additionally, a cellulose suspension obtained by saturation in aqueous medium followed by homogenization will be introduced to reduce density and increase porosity. A two-factor composition experiment has been carried out by the method of mathematical planning, based on which we have established the level of influence of titanium dioxide and cellulose suspension additives on the strength, density and water absorption of composites under study. The research into the obtained composites structure shows that TiO2 is mainly located on the surface of cellulose fibers, which theoretically increases the useful surface for photocatalytic reactions and, as a consequence, the final efficiency of such compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in construction density and disproportionate development in recent years of Moscow spurred the development of urban heat islands (UHI) and urban pollution islands (UPI). The impact of air pollution by hazardous substances from industries, transport, and utilities is currently the most dangerous form of natural environmental degradation in Moscow. Human activities inside the city cause urban pollution and heat gain on the urban surface layer. Since UHI and UPI can interact, exploring the synergism between urban heat and pollution is critical. This paper conducts a systematic review of the existing knowledge on the link between urban heat island (UHI) and urban pollution island (UPI). The results of determining the urban pollution island of Moscow by remote sensing image analysis are presented. The research results will contribute to developing an urban environmental assessment methodology based on the relationship of UHI and UPI and propose optimal solutions to reduce urban heat island (UHI) and urban pollution island (UPI) to improve the living environment within the city. The plan to develop a smart city should be focused on green space inside the city, playing a vital role in minimizing dust dispersion, contributing to air pollution reduction, and playing an active role in reducing urban surface temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern railway stations are becoming multifunctional urban hubs providing access to city transportation and offering various services to passengers, commuters, and visitors. To serve effectively to all the target audiences the station's clear and visible navigation and signage system should meet the international standards. The paper presents research undertaken to assess the current state of the information and navigation services at Moscow nine railway stations. Observation and telephone survey were used to identify the existing problems and assess the perception of Moscow railway stations navigation and signage by passengers and station visitors. Research results are used to improve the railway station services quality turning the railway stations into centres of urban mobility and social activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliability and environmental safety are the main requirements for water supply systems. Pipeline systems are an integral part of the infrastructure of modern cities. Malfunctions of these systems are mainly associated with failures in pipeline sections - the most functionally significant, expensive and vulnerable elements of the systems. Constantly growing, large volumes of information, directly and indirectly related to the reliability of the public water distribution networks in the city, to the assessment of their life cycle determine the need for the in-line processing based on the use of advanced information technologies and computer-aided tools for the acquisition, transmission and display of the information. The analysis of the behavior of a pipeline system throughout its life cycle and development of recommendations for achieving the goals set for the system in the process of construction or formulated in the process of operation is a fundamental task of the system analysis. It is based on an information database on the reliability of the elements of this system, i.e., pipeline sections. Presented in the paper is the structure of the application software for the automated collection and processing of the data on the reliability of water pipelines and monitoring their condition. The results of the application software use for the analysis and assessment of the reliability indicators of the Moscow water distribution pipelines are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Vitam regit fortuna, non sapientia' ('Fortune, not wisdom, rules lives)' (Cicero). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents historical aspect of the project activities problem. Analysis of features and specifics in the project activities implementation in university education practices is provided. Characteristic features of the project competence generation and the development of project culture in a personality are considered. Arguments are advanced that project activities in the context of university education could act as a means in creative self-realization of the student personality. The article analyzes the concept of self-realization, and it proves that university environment is an important precondition for the students' creative self-realization. The article presents results of a study, in which university students from Moscow and Yekaterinburg participated. Project method appeared to be the main research method. The article presents projects, in which students took part ranging from global international to department and educational. Results of the study prove the efficiency of including project activities in the university education practices. In the context of university education, project activities appear to be the means of students' creative self-realization and contribute to personal development and professional growth. Besides, conditions for implementation of creative potential in higher education are indicated. The purpose of training using creativity development is demonstrated. Correlation between the concepts of creativity and curiosity is provided. Several events are indicated in implementing the students' creative successes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes a new methodological approach to assessing the accessibility of public transport. The conceptual accessibility model reflects the value to users of public transport (POT) of the products of transport systems and complexes operated by various organizations involved in the construction and operation of transport infrastructure, Organization and management of traffic, organization of public transport services (SOS), development of public transport in the metropolitan area. The element of the complex indicator of public transport accessibility — accessibility of the product "logistics of passenger transport" is highlighted, which reflects the possibility of choosing the route built for POT according to the preferred parameters and criteria. The conceptual model for managing the financial accessibility of public transport takes into account not only the cost of a monthly travel ticket as a percentage of the average income of the population, but also the availability of benefits for certain categories of citizens, The relative size of fares and short-term rental rates for low-capacity vehicles, as well as other parameters influencing the cost of passage. The results of research of models of decision-making of the State Insurance Committee on conditions of their choice of a route within the borders of the Moscow metropolitan area are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a study on creation of a comfortable urban environment through digitalization on the example of the city of Moscow, which is a world major metropolis. The research of the issue was carried out in the following areas: the work of the structures that manage the digitalization process, the analysis of the technologies they use, the participation of citizens in the functioning of the "Smart City". Based on sources (reports and materials of the Moscow government, statistical information on the city of Moscow) conclusions are drawn and data are given for a five-year period on the involvement of citizens in the improvement of the city and on their interaction with the government of the metropolis: participation in discussions and voting, the use of electronic services and the decision by the city problems at the request of residents. Based on the results of the study, promising directions for studying the processes of creating a comfortable urban environment and its digitalization are formulated, which are important not only from a theoretical point of view, but also from the point of view of effective practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance and purpose of work: during the housing construction in the water protection zones of Moscow, the city obliges developers to create landscaped public areas along the embankments and implement a set of long-term environmental measures for the water resources protection with further results monitoring. The authors explore the hypothesis about the investment expediency of developers' costs for these activities due to the positive price difference (the market effect of housing development by the water). Methods: the logical analysis of the regulatory framework and methodological developments for construction in the water resources zone, statistical analysis of the multi-apartment housing market according to proposals on the portals of aggregator companies in open access, economic analysis of the water protection measures costs based on project declarations of residential complexes under construction in open access were used. The results obtained: the average price per square meter of a residential complex located near a water reservoir within the boundaries of "old" Moscow is 18.8% higher than that of similar residential complexes remote from water reservoirs. The range of water protection measures costs in the studied residential complexes varies from 200 to 500 million rubles and corresponds to their market value from 0.75 to 2.0 thousand square meters of housing. According to the authors' calculations, if the unit price per square meter is exceeded by at least 15% and with a total living area of more than 20 thousand square meters, these costs are not only break-even, but also profitable proportional to the complex size. Conclusions. Modern residential complexes near the water, with an area of tens of thousands of square meters, are simultaneously an attractive investment segment for developers and a serious driver of Moscow ecology improvement, urban planning and socio-economic attractiveness increase in many areas of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization is found in a number of numerous economic megatrends that have affected the global economic system since the beginning of the 19th century. Each of them represents huge technological changes that have created new markets and radically changed the rules of the game in the industry. The comprehensive strategy of digitalization of countries includes a complete transformation process associated with a radical course on technological innovation. Digitalization of the public administration system is only at first glance a matter of infrastructure, technology and data. First of all, it is a matter of organizational changes, as well as people trained and trained accordingly for this. In 2020, the coronavirus crisis led to a significant, albeit unplanned, increase in the digitalization of industries. In some areas, it was possible to switch to digital communication and the use of digital processes in a short time, and in other areas (for example, in education and healthcare) it was difficult or almost impossible. This study analyzes the reasons and prerequisites for the use of digital technologies in economic processes, provides recommendations on which areas and by what means the state should be more actively involved in order to maintain the progress made after the pandemic and continue to promote digital transformation. The conclusion describes such trends in the digitalization of the public administration system as the expansion of Internet communication, which in many countries is lagging behind other "city-countries" (for example, Moscow); the use of digital technologies and methods of work; the use of digital operations in public administration (for example, e-government) and the use of digital business models in healthcare, education, retail, and service provision. The authors emphasized that legal and bureaucratic barriers also play an important role in the process of digitalization. Governments should minimize bureaucratic obstacles and create a regulatory framework that facilitates, encourages digitalization and helps its welfare-enhancing effects, as well as provide financing (for example, to small and medium-sized businesses). But, first of all, the state must quickly implement the long overdue digital transformation of its own services and consistently digitize public administrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstruction of aerodromes in Russian international airports demands a quantitative evaluation of the hydroamelioration effect for agricultural lands on the ornithological situation. From 1982, the land management and hydroamelioration of agricultural lands in Ramensky aerodrome environs are considered. Since 2016, it has been reconstructed into the aerodrome in Zhukovsky International Airport (Moscow region). From 1980 to 1986, the Union of Land Surveyors of Russia and the Ministry of Land Reclamation and Water Resources of the RSFSR conducted investigations for land management design. In spring, until 1980, 30% of the aerodrome agricultural land was hydromorphic with nesting areas of black-headed gulls. The total number of nests was 110 ± 7.1 pcs (average value ± standard error). In 1982, the first stage of the hydroamelioration system and project vegetable-fodder crop rotations were put into operation. A polder with an area of 3.05 km2 was operated in the approach funnel. The nesting areas have ceased to exist on the drained lands. Since 2017, 45% of the polder area has been hydromorphic with the number of nests of black-headed gulls. It averaged 48.5 ± 2.5 pcs. Planes constantly fly over the nesting areas. A gull chick considers the "parents-gulls" to be the same size as flying airplanes. The latter attract birds when they are fed. In this regard, a stable associational reflex "parent-plane" is formed in chicks. Young birds are not afraid of airplanes and pose risks to flights. We have suggested a calculation method aimed at the conditional reflex formation. It considers the nesting area distance from the aerodrome, the aircraft size, and the parent birds. It is reasonable to use the proposed technique in digital land management when zoning aerodrome environs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In commemoration of the 250th anniversary of Moscow University, the Women Council of MSU published a biographical dictionary dedicated to women who contributed significantly to the academic success of their institution and who distinguished themselves both in research and in teaching. The book contains brief biographies of some 619 women employed by MSU; 63 of these entries are for members of the Department of Physics and of its adjacent research institutes. They are doctors of sciences, full professors, recipients of government as well as university awards, and some are WWII veterans. Their lives in science have embodied all tendencies of the Soviet period of the country. The great majority graduated from Moscow State University and have been working at MSU for more than 25 years. At present, the Physics Department consists of 37 sectors with more than two hundred doctors of sciences, 15% of whom are women. The information supplied by the dictionary, combined with data on the younger staff of MSU with similar degrees in physics, lets us compare tendencies in women’s professional development, their research and teaching careers, and their success in publishing. It also lets us see some of the key issues. Since 1933 (the year of establishment) more than 25,000 people have graduated from the Physics Department, a quarter of whom were girls. Of 90 students who have graduated with honors this year, one third were girls, and of 22 award-winning thesis this year, 10 were defended by them. About 400 persons are participating in the 3-year postgraduate program of the Physics Department; 30% of all students enrolled this year are girls. Half the winners of annual awards to students, postgraduate students, and “young scientists” in physics this year were girls. The percent of successful women in physics is growing. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of long-term observational program of classical cepheid investigations carried out in Moscow from 1980th, are presented. The data base includes more than 75000 UBVRI photoelectric and CCD brightness measurements for more than 650 galactic Cepheids, and approximately 10000 precise measurements of radial velocities for 165 Northern Cepheids. Classical Cepheids as stars with the most reliable distance scale play an important role in all investigations of the structure and dynamics of the galactic disk. Being observed on 100 year time interval, more than 90% of cepheids show systematic period changes. New observations are necessary to improve cepheid period—luminosity relations by taking into account the difference in their evolutionary stages and misidentification of pulsation modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]