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This study objective is to produce flipbook on integral topic for 11th grade student that are valid and practical. Based on this paper, hopefully teacher can know how to develop flipbook especially in integral topic. The type of the research is design research with development model used is Plomp model that consisting of two phases: (1) preliminary research, (2) prototyping phase. The subjects of this study were 11th grade students at Sekolah Menengah Atas Pembangunan Laboratorium Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang. The research instruments were interview guides, observation sheets, validity sheets, student practicality sheets, and teacher practicality sheets. This research has produced a very valid and very practical flipbook. Teachers and students gave a good response to this flipbook because it helps them in the learning process. Students said that learning to use flipbooks was more interesting and very useful in today's learning situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as one of the biggest challenge faced by researchers, especially in public health system. Since the virus spread and mutates quickly, strategies are needed so that the public health system doesn't collapse due to overcapacity. Modeling and forecasting accurately the COVID-19 daily new cases is very important to understand and help carry out risk management for the outbreak control. To obtain the estimation of the Indonesian daily cases of COVID-19 based on daily confirmed cases, we present a comparative study between three deep learning methods in this paper: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (Conv-LSTM). The data used is daily confirmed cases from September 1st to September 7th, 2021. The result is Conv-LSTM model produces better performance than other methods. Here we also provide 7 day out-of-sample forecast for daily cases from September 1st to September 7th, 2021 using each model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian government has taken several policies to break the chain of transmission of the COVID-19 virus infection since the spread of this virus variant was first discovered in March 2020 in Indonesia. One of them is to require everyone to get vaccinated. This national vaccination program has been started since early January 2021 until now and expected to be one of the solutions to control the spread of coronavirus in Indonesia. This paper presents robust k-means to show the cluster of the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia after the implementation of the vaccine policy for Indonesian citizens. The k-means algorithm is an unsupervised machine learning method. This method is well known in clustering. This is a partition clustering algorithm which is widely used in practice but in general, this method is sensitive to the presence of outliers. The variables considered in this study are the number of deaths, the number of recovered patients and the number of patients. Experimental comparisons are made with the basic k-means and robust k-means algorithm. It seems that for data on May, 2021, the cluster with k=3 in the robust case will provide closer risk levels of the provinces in Indonesia with their risk in reality, namely provinces with high, mid and low-level risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature review found that only a few studies in Indonesia have been applied to modeling peatlands fire occurrences. In our previous studies, various machine learning classification approaches are applied to predict forest fire occurrence in the peatlands area. Our previous empirical study found that the datasets of fire hotspot areas, especially for data from the South Kalimantan area, need to be more balanced. In this paper, we consider ADAptive SYNthetic (ADASYN) method for the sampling approach to balance the datasets. We found that by balancing the data, the performance of the classification method can improve about 2-4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines our efforts in foresight technology, utilizing the TASDA framework, with a specific focus on the utilization of scenario planning. Scenario planning is a valuable tool for aiding management in comprehending potential future scenarios and making well-informed decisions. In this context, we are applying it to the development of research topics concerning Indonesia's maritime industry. This research aims to enhance stakeholders' understanding of issues related to the growth of maritime research topics in Indonesia, encompassing aspects such as tourism, oceanography, fisheries, infrastructure, energy, and mineral resources. Moreover, the study investigates changes in the strategic environment, including socio-political and economic factors that influence the progression of maritime research in Indonesia. We employ scenario planning analysis to chart the strategic environment and its ramifications on maritime research topics in Indonesia. This includes an examination of both global and national trends. We formulate driving and uncertainty factors within the framework of scenario planning analysis, which are then crafted into strategic environmental scenarios. The outcome of this scenario planning exercise yields four distinct scenarios. This methodology is well-suited for establishing the trajectory of national development aimed at constructing a research-driven maritime industry by 2045. However, achieving these objectives necessitates substantial advancements in science and technology, as delineated in current national policies, rather than adhering to conventional, business-as-usual approaches. To further refine the roadmap for the national maritime research industry, strategic planning and technology road mapping become imperative to optimize progress towards technological confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the studies of peatlands fire occurrences in Indonesia are less studied before. In our previous study, the prediction of the peatlands fire occurrence was modeled using various machine learning classification approaches. It is found that using South Kalimantan Province data, in the empirical study we previously found that the datasets are unbalanced, i.e., the occurrence and the nonoccurrence of fire hotspots areas. In the study presented in this paper, to improve the classification performance, we consider Adaptive Neighbor Synthetic Majority Oversampling Technique (ANS-SMOTE) approach to balance the data. Using the considered empirical data, we found that this method did not always gives improvement in the classification results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, most coal mining systems are carried out using the open pit mining method. This method is considered cheaper and easier to apply in the field but has an impact on the creation of ex-coal mining pits (void). Recent regulation states that every mining company is obliged to carry out reclamation including environment management efforts for mining pits. However, not all mining business actors have complied with this effort, especially companies that do not have official permits. This ex-coal mining pit existence in the new capital city of Indonesia (IKN) delineation area become a crucial issue to be managed appropriately and wisely. The IKN Nusantara is the future capital city of Indonesia designed as a smart forest city, where 75% of the total area is maintained as a green space. This paper describes the management effort than can be carried out in ex-coal mining pit (void) within new capital city (IKN) Nusantara. All of the environmental management efforts for ex-coal mining pit (void) need to be aligned with detailed urban spatial plans in the future. There are several alternative efforts to utilize void that can be carried out, for example, as a source of clean water and raw materials, tourist destinations, sports areas, wildlife wetland habitats that are connected to the surrounding forest, landfills, agricultural reservoirs, and also water sources for forest fire mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main problems faced in the property management industry especially in Indonesia is limited knowledge or even ignorance of the important role of information technology and information systems in supporting and developing their business. Whereas in a world that is currently heading towards the digital industry and the trend of industry 4.0 which is on the rise, IT and IS components are needed. This paper will explain the important role of IT and IS to help understand their use, and how they can help businesses to grow in the property management industry which is increasingly competitive. The research method used in compiling this paper is in the form of observation of problems in the field. The result of this research is an Information Technology Support Model in the use of information technology to support the property management business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the national industry towards a better industry has a qualitative descriptive category using primary data to analyze the development of industrial waste treatment in Indonesia. This paper discusses the development of the national industry on the results of research showing that to realize industrial processing, a strong foundation is needed, and the transformation of the Indonesian economy in the field of industrial waste treatment through the use of natural resources that provide added value, preparation of additional costs to replace the use of other materials. The industrial structure needed by Indonesia is an industry with strong links with various industrial factories that are more environmentally friendly to the action of minimizing waste in Indonesia and the world. The industrial waste can be in the form of solid, liquid, or gas. Most of them have been processed before being disposed of. However, there are types of waste that are not managed properly, namely plastic waste that is not optimally processed. This can disrupt the environment, such as marine ecosystems. The reason people dispose of plastic waste directly is that the process of handling plastic waste is difficult and takes a long time. With such things, reduced costs in saving natural resources, and the substitution of more environmentally friendly production materials in industrial waste recycling to build a sustainable business and improve company performance when waste is no longer a problem, which can cause difficulties in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims for the Indonesian government to pass the Omnibus Law which contained various kinds of legislation. Including the environment which is also regulated in the Omnibus Law. On the one hand, this regulation provides hope for Indonesia's economic growth. However, on the other hand, this regulation has the potential to damage the environment and is not in line with the Indonesian Government's commitment to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which in it weakens instruments for environmental protection and management. The weakening of environmental instruments has the potential to increase greenhouse gas emissions through high carbon activities and investment in fossil energy. Therefore, this paper will critically analyze how the weakening of environmental instruments in the Omnibus Law and the Revision of the Mining Law hampers the fulfillment of Indonesia's greenhouse gas emission reduction targets in the era of restoring national economic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various limitation on the direct use of essential oil has stimulate encapsulation technology studies in the recent year. The study aimed to analyze the scope of essential oil encapsulation through a bibliometric analysis. This paper used Scopus database to collecting data about the subjects. VOSviewer was used for network visualization and map constructing. Started from 1988, a total of 1336 publications were collected for analysis. Over the last ten years, the number of articles published has increased significantly. Iran, China, and Brazil are most productive countries, while Indonesia published 26 articles in this topics. Based on VOSviewer visualization, the most influential topics are related to essential oil encapsulation method. However, overlay map showed new emerged author keywords related to the application of essential oil encapsulation for food packaging and microemulsion novel technique by pickering emulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the growth of MOOCs documents Worldwide and in Indonesia. This research method adopts the five-stage method: determine search keyword, initial research, refinement of search results, compile preliminary data statistic and data analysis. The initial search results using the MOOCs keyword getting 5,729 documents from scopus databased spread throughout the world, while the MOOCs keyword is limited in Indonesia only getting 56 documents, the data is specified based on the type of journal article document and obtained 2000 documents spread throughout the world and 27 documents in Indonesia, then journal article data was analyzed to determine the growth of MOOCs research every year, countries with the most MOOCs research, publishers who published the most MOOCs research and articles with the highest citations, then the data was also visualized into VOSViewer to analyze the keywords used, namely the keywords that were most frequently used, newly researched keywords, keyword cluster division and who are the prolific authors who write MOOC topics. From the results of this study it can be concluded that most of the MOOCs research is in the United States, while Indonesia occupies the 24th position out of 104 countries Worldwide, this shows that research on MOOCs in Indonesia is still very small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 pandemic requires professional teachers to use digital technology, but some students experience obstacles in technology so that it has an impact on their low critical thinking abilities. This paper aims to analyze mathematical critical thinking abilities between students who carry out learning models eliciting activities assisted by Edmodo and conventionally assisted by WhatsApp based on prior knowledge of mathematics. The research method used a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The sample was selected through a homogeneity test from 4 parallel classes of one junior high school in Bandung Indonesia, two classes were selected, namely class VIII A as the experimental class and VIII D as the control class. The instrument uses an initial mathematical ability test and critical thinking abilities. Data analysis uses: Two-way ANOVA test. Findings: There is a difference in the improvement of mathematical critical thinking abilities between experimental class and control class students. There are differences in the achievement of mathematical critical thinking abilities based on prior knowledge of mathematics in the smart, medium and weak categories. Learning models eliciting activities assisted by Edmodo can facilitate the process of construction, interaction and reflection so as to improve students' critical thinking abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to determine the effect of industrial zones on road network performance. The research location is located in the North Malang industrial area which is in the center of Malang City, Indonesia. The first step is to study the existing conditions of industrial land use. The existing condition of the industrial area includes: type of industry, operational status and area of industrial companies. Furthermore, this study examines the characteristics of trips in the industrial area including trips of workers and goods of industrial companies. Analysis of road network performance using the CUBE tool. Evaluation of the influence of industrial areas on road performance is carried out by analyzing existing conditions and simulating conditions without industry. Based on the study of the existing characteristics of the industrial area, 43 industrial companies are still operating with the most influential type of industry is tobacco processing with a total building area of 21.65 Ha. The industrial zone accounts for 8594 worker and goods trips every day. 98% of industrial workers use motorcycles as a means of transportation. 55% of goods trips use light vehicles such as pick-ups / box cars and 40% use heavy vehicles. Based on the results of the analysis in conditions without industry, 7 road sections have a VCR>0.75 which indicates that the condition of the road traversed by industrial activities is in poor condition and requires handling. Various handling scenarios can be developed for further research including scenarios for relocating industrial areas involving ring roads and toll roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the influence between the business environment and operating strategies on its operational performance. Alignment between the business environment and operating strategy helps to understand how operating capabilities is requiredto achieve goals, particularly its operational performance. In this paper, 96 respondents are the owner and manager of Indonesia's manufacturing industry. Path analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to investigate the relationship between variables. The hypothesis testing results show that the business environment has a positive and significant influence on operation strategy. In contrast, the operating strategy has a positive and significant impact on the company's operational performance. Moreover, the business environment has a negative and insignificant effect on the operational performance of the company. Finally, it is found that the business environment has a positive and significant impact on the company's operating performance through the operation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted various sectors in Indonesia. One sector that has a significant impact is the tourism industry, especially amusement parks and theme parks. Not much can be expected to attract visitors during a pandemic with just a regular touring video, even though the amusement park maintenance must still exist. This paper aims to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based Dino Park application with Unity and the SCRUM development method. This AR application was created aiming to increase user interest and experience to come to this place, such as virtual touring with AR features, providing a tourist sensation with 3D visuals because it can be moved according to the user's wishes and it is as if they have a virtual guide with information in the form of audio contained in each dinosaur fossil. The results of this study are Based on the results of the user acceptance test, an average of 83% user satisfaction levels with details (85% stated that the application is interactive to use, 83% stated the display is very attractive, 81% of the Dino Park application is very useful for people in in the field of theme park tourism, and 84% state they were satisfied with this application compared to similar applications in terms of features and appearance). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global crisis brought on by COVID-19 is unparalleled. Tourism is one of the many industries that have been made public by the recent COVID-19 epidemic. Indonesia itself was affected by the impact that caused a decrease in both foreign and domestic tourists. Smart tourism through the metaverse concept is one of the proposed solutions to deal with this problem, considering that metaverse has been booming lately, so it can attract the attention of tourists who cannot come directly to the tourist attractions. This paper aims to provide new insights regarding how to improve the Indonesian economy through tourism, so people realize the importance of the metaverse in the future. Moreover, we believe that the future of this metaverse will be very bright because the advantages of technology used in the metaverse are very beneficial for users (Blockchain, Crypto, Non-Fungible Token). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the advancement of technology, Indonesia's focus has shifted to the enhancement and simplification of everyday transactions. This is highly common in the widespread use of e-wallets as a payment method for digital transactions involving multiple verification methods, including PIN, Password, Face Recognition and others. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 385 respondents from generation Z in Indonesia who utilized face recognition as a security verification method for digital transactions. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the security and efficacy of facial recognition in digital wallet payment verification applications as experienced by users. With the use of the TAM model's analysis, it is proved that all the variables used are significantly related, allowing one to conclude that the safety and efficacy that are possessed are adequate. This paper also supports the growth of trust factors and reasonings for the usage of face recognition in digital transaction self-verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As well known, Padang is a city with a high risk for earthquake motion. Due to its functionality, Reinforced Concrete (RC) shophouse buildings are commonly constructed in this city. The strong 2009 West Sumatra earthquake resulted in several buildings being damaged, collapsing, including the RC shophouse buildings, and causing fatalities. Almost thirteen years after the earthquake, many of these types of buildings have been constructed. Unfortunately, based on field investigation and analytical studies using pushover analysis have shown that the seismic performance of the existing buildings has not enough to anticipate the damage to the structure caused by the future earthquake. Most of them fall to Damage Control (DC) and Life Safety (LS) levels, indicating that the structure of these RC buildings may damage during a strong earthquake. In this paper, a seismic safe typical structural components of shophouse construction is proposed following the current building code in Indonesia. Evaluating the seismic performance using the ATC-40 standard shows that the proposed these components RC structure is categorized to the Immediate Occupancy (IO) level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood is biomass made from lignocellulose, the main raw material for pulp production, both species of hardwood and softwood. Utilization of as much wood as possible, including less-known wood species, is widely open because the availability of good quality wood for industry raw materials is increasingly limited. In general, all wood species can be used for paper pulp. But the selection of types of lignocellulosic material with specific properties, such as physical, anatomical and chemical, play an important role in efficiently using wood as raw materials for pulp and paper. This research was carried out to examine wood properties (specific gravity, fiber quality and cellulose content) of four less-known hardwoods from natural tropical rainforest in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia and assessed their potential use for paper pulp. Those hardwood species comprised of cempedak (Artocarpus integer Merr.), jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus Hav.), saling-saling (Artocarpus teysmanii Miq.) and simpur (Dillenia serrata Thunb.). The specific gravity determined by the weight of oven dried wood and volume of air dried wood where the wood volume be measured by water immersion method, the fiber dimensions measured through maceration preparations which was made using the Franklin procedure, while TAPPI method used for chemical analysis. In condition to paper pulp raw material, the specific gravity (0.40 – 0.69) is categorized as moderate, the fiber quality is classified as good (class II), and cellulose content (40.12% - 52.47%) is categorized as moderate to high for all those less-known hardwoods. All four less-known hardwoods studied potentially use for paper pulp raw materials. But simpur has the most potential due to long fiber and higher specific gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Indonesia's National Guidelines on Green Buildings (Kemen PUPR No,21,2021) called Penilaian Kinerja Bangunan Gedung Hijau (BGH), green buildings are mandatory for new and existing buildings. As environmental concerns grow, the Government uses these ratings to control energy consumption. A government initiative aims to increase demand for environmentally friendly buildings. This paper evaluates BGH's green building rating system for project certification in two Indonesian cities, Jakarta and Padang Paser Utara. Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, the largest and one of the most populous urban city in Indonesia. Moreover, the new Indonesia capital city, Nusantara, will be built in Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan. Using the results of this research, recommendations and suggestions can be given related to the design of green buildings both in Jakarta and Penajam Paser Utara. Evaluations will be conducted on simple residential buildings. The results of these studies indicate that designers and architects may have difficulty incorporating this rating systems into their designs. An evaluation of BGH ratings and sustainability analysis can be performed with building information modeling and a conceptual framework is presented toward the end of this paper. A rating system's success depends heavily on discussion among all stakeholders, including architects, engineers, environmentalists, governments, and communities. Indonesian experts in the building sector should take part in and contribute to this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in smartphone users as well as sales in Indonesia coupled with the smartphone's short life cycle has raised serious concerns for sustainability. Circular economy has recently becomes one of the important studies which addresses the limitation of natural resources as well as the landfills. Refurbishment and direct reuse are part of circular economy approaches; however, the existence of new low-end smartphones has started to erode the customers' interest in the reuse smartphones. This paper studies the hierarchy of reuse options in smartphones selection using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to identify the decision hierarchy. The AHP results show that both worker and student-alumni groups prioritize their choice on new low-end smartphones. On the other hand, refurbished and secondhand smartphones are part of circular economy activities, where the life of the end-of-use smartphones are extended rather than discarded. Furthermore, we propose several strategies to improve customer behavior to support circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid advancements in digital technology have resulted in a new industrial revolution phenomenon known as Industry 4.0. This revolution introduces modern technologies that enable the connectivity of all components within industries. This paper reviews the current status and progress in Indonesia heading to Industry 4.0. The Indonesia' government has been launched 'Making Indonesia 4.0's' roadmap in 2018 including the five priority industrial sectors namely food and beverages, chemicals, textile, automotive, and electronics and ten national priorities. Indonesia which is currently only in the stage of entering the industrial era 4.0 with few of challenges and opportunities by following the roadmap of "Making Indonesia 4.0". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) - Jatinangor Campus is one of the higher educational institutions located at Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency, West Java Province. This campus has area for about 47 hectares. When this campus have fully active activity, it produces huge amount of compostable waste especially organic and leaves waste. Solving the compostable waste is a key to realize Zero Waste ITB-Jatinangor Campus. MASARO technology offers fast, reliable, and profitable composting method to overcome the compostable waste problem at ITB-Jatinangor Campus. This technology has been applied in several areas in Indonesia, such as Ciwastra, Babakan Sari Waste Processing Site (Bandung City), Sabah Balau Village (South Lampung Province), Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Sukadana Village (Ciamis Regency), Gorontalo, and several other areas. It has waste processsing capacity up to 10 Tons/day. The MASARO technology not only produces solid and liquid compost with Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI) quality, but also shortens the composting period (about 7-10 days). Compost composition at ITB-Jatinangor Campus have 50,8% C-Organic, 2,71% N-total, 0,33 P2O5-total, 1,96% K2O-total, and 18,75 of C/N ratio. In this paper, it will focus on explaining implementation of the MASARO technology starting with the installation of the MASARO Composting House – Rumah Kompos MASARO (RKM). It would describe also about composting process and lesson learned about how the MASARO technology could solve the problem of compostable waste at a big educational institution like ITB-Jatinangor Campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is based on the problem of microplastics found in water, where plastic packaging is now widely used in food and beverage packaging and raises social concerns about its health effects. The microplastics, small plastic particles with a size of 5 mm or less, found in the body can be toxic, cause hormonal imbalances, heart disease, infertility, and obesity. Research on methods for analyzing microplastics in water is still limited in Indonesia, this study identify and analyze the microplastic content in the drinking water and its saurce in Indonesia using raman spectroscopy method. The analysis of microplastics content was performed on various drinking water samples and their sources. The test included 7 water samples from different brands, water sources and different water bottle industries in Indonesia. Content analysis was performed in three stages, starting with the preparatory stage, the filtration process. The filtration process is performed using filter paper that matches the size of the sample to be inspected. In addition, various particles trapped in the filter paper were analyzed under a microscope to separate the microplastic particles. At last, a raman spectroscopy test was performed to determine the type of microplastics present in the contents of the water sample. Through the analysis and study of the content of various water samples carried out, the analyzed water content found various types of microplastics in the form of fragments, fibers, filaments, and films, most of which were PET (Polyethylene terephthalate). There are also found to be polypropylene and PVC (Polyvinyl chloride). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or known as caustic soda is a type of caustic metallic base that is available in liquid or solid form. Many industries highly require caustic soda as the main raw material or supporting materials such as the paper and pulp industry, soap and detergent industry, oil and gas industry, alumina processing, etc. National demand for sodium hydroxide reaches 987 million tons in the last year. To encourage increased production of caustic soda to support the chemical industry in Indonesia, a techno-economic analysis is required for the production of caustic soda to fulfill the supply. Therefore, in this study, the design of the NaOH plant process will be studied according to the product specifications and its economic analysis. The design of the caustic soda plant process has been developed based on membrane technology with a capacity of 100000 tons of product per year using SNI industrial salt raw materials. The product specification from this plant is 50% NaOH solution and HClO solution as byproduct. With this capacity, the estimated investment for the caustic soda plant is around US$ 44.45 million and its operational cost is around US$ 67.93 million per year. Using the current price of raw materials and products, the net present value (NPV) is US$ 206.58 million, the internal rate of return (IRR) is 40.75%, and its payout time (POT) is 4 years and 7 months. Based on these parameters, the design of the developed caustic soda plant was technically and economically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is very important because its roles in enhancing the human resources and public welfare quality in Indonesia. One of the methods to upgrade education system is a development of Freedom Curricula with project-based learning concept. Freedom Curricula is a new flexible curricula policy option in the part of Freedom to Learn Program which is initiated by Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology since 2021 to mitigate learning loss from COVID-19 pandemic. In Freedom Curricula, schools can develop their own curricula and course materials, depending on their own consideration. The Freedom Curricula can be implemented in several or all subjects in the school. This paper describes the conceptualization of a Freedom Curricula and its implementation plan in several industrial chemistry subjects (Industrial Chemical Processes, Chemical Engineering Operations, and Industrial Chemical Process Equipment) with project-based learning concept for vocational high school level. The designed Freedom Curricula consists of teaching syllabus, teaching module, laboratory practical module, and project-based learning module, and the implementation plan. The advantage of this Freedom Curricula implementation is the application of integrated learning, especially in practical learning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for renewable energy is highly increasing worldwide to fulfil energy demand as well as reduce the impact of global warming. Indonesia as the most extensive archipelago face real challenge to power its remote areas with green electricity. This paper assesses economically the idea of hybrid power plant of solar and/or biomass to electrify Indonesian remote areas with green electricity. Furthermore, the carbon credit as an additional income of this project is estimated using CDM methodology. The project is proposed in Sakti, Batukandik, and Batumadeg villages in Nusa Penida Island, Bali; the ER are 7460.57, 2587.10, and 9044.84 tCO2e/year, accordingly. The IRR is analyzed under two scenarios: the initial electricity cost of USD 0.15/kWh and the reduced cost of USD 0.10/kWh including carbon credits and biochar sales. The sensitivity analysis is conducted to observe the effect of most tentative variables towards the IRR. Furthermore, determining the feasibility of this project by analyzing the ERR is assessed to be important, whether it is profitable for the community or not. For the ERR analysis, there are two results calculations. The ERR value with the application of carbon credits shows 32.66%. In comparison, the ERR value without the application of carbon credits shows 28.19%. These values are obtained from several parameter calculations in the ERR analysis in this study. It consists of a consumer surplus, which is computed from the benefits obtained by PLN. Then, the producer surplus and job increases are computed from the benefits obtained by the community if this project is executed. This paper result has essential role in contribution to social, economic, and environmental goal for sustainable development and supporting national economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal is the largest energy source in the world. However, coal combustion is also the largest source of CO2 emission that is the main cause of global warming. Indonesia consumed 1 million terajoule of energy from coal in 2020. There are no energy sources that consumed more than coal except light petroleum products. Coal combustion to produce energy emitted SOX, NOX, COX, and fly ashes to the environment and also cause corrosion and clogging to industrial equipment. Sulfur content in the coal produces SOX, meanwhile mineral content becomes fly ashes. Therefore, sulfur and mineral content should be reduced before combustion. Chemical leaching is the way to demineralize and desulfurize coal. Numerous researchers have studied the process to produce ultra clean coal (UCC) that limited the mineral content and sulfur content to less than 1 wt.% so it can decrease the adverse effects when it is used as an energy resource in combustion. Various processes such as acid leaching, alkali leaching, peroxide leaching or even acid-alkali leaching have been studied by several researchers. These methods are considered high-cost in regards to the high price of chemicals despite their technical feasibility to produce UCC. Therefore, it is important to conduct economic analysis of the processes. This paper presents techno-economic analysis to compare several leaching processes in order to study their technical and economic feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The steel industries account for 6% of the world's CO2 emissions. The number of emissions will continue to increase as the steel industry in Indonesia grows. Generally, steel production uses blast furnaces which can produce large CO2 emissions. The blast furnace process emissions called blast furnace gas (BFG) contain 20.7% mol of CO2. The high CO2 content also causes the calorific value of the gas to be low, so the gas must be purified to increase its calorific value to be used for power generation. In addition, the steel industry also produces steel slag as waste with a high CaO content (45.2%) but with low economic value. To increase its economic value, CaO content can be used to absorb CO2 from BFG to produce Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC). The use of PCC is very broad for various industrial needs, such as a filler in the paper industry which can increase paper brightness. Therefore, the "Precipitated Calcium Carbonate from Blast Furnace Gas and Steel Slag" plant is expected to be a solution to reduce CO2 emissions from the steel industry. BFG and steel slag as raw materials were obtained from PT. Krakatau Posco. The PCC production process consists of three main stages, namely: (1) Pre-Treatment Steel Slag; (2) Carbonation; and (3) Purification. In the pre-treatment stage, the pH-swing method was used to extract CaO with NH4Cl solvent using pH control. The use of NH4Cl solution is advantageous because it can be recycled. This process obtained a solution of CaCl2 and NH4OH, which was then reacted with CO2 from BFG in a bubble column reactor, resulting in a carbonation process. In the reactor, PCC (CaCO3) and several impurities are formed. The PCC solids formed will then be filtered, dried, and reduced in size so that the moisture content and size are under PCC specifications for the paper industry. Besides producing PCC, purified BFG will be recycled and used as fuel for power generation. The plant location is integrated with PT. Krakatau Posco in the industrial area, Cilegon, Banten, West Java, with a production capacity of 12,750 tons/year. From the results of the economic analysis, with the capital expenditure (capex) of about IDR 337 million and operational expenditure (OPEX) of about IDR 89 million: the payback period is about 6.35 years, and the break-even point (BEP) is 32.38%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is the third-largest paddy producer in the world. From 2019 to 2021 total paddy harvested was more than 100 million tonnes. This huge quantity has an inherent by-product, i.e., rice straw, even in a more significant amount. Unfortunately, poor rice straw management causes farmers to treat the waste by open field burning. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to investigate the side effect of the open-burning treatment. This paper also discussed the worth of considering applications of using rice straw that could make rice straw more valuable. The uniform probability distribution was used to deal with the uncertainty of gas emissions generated from the open field burning of rice straw. In this scheme, at the highest estimate, more than 300 million tonnes of CO2 are released into the atmosphere each year when Indonesia does not apply well management of rice straws. Another 8 million tonnes of other emissions CO, (fine) particulate matter, N2O, NOx, CH4, NMHC, and SO2. Those pollutants more harmful to human health and well-being are also released. Transforming rice straw to particle board has great potential due to this application's high demand and value. It is also an environmentally friendly approach since it can potentially reduce deforestation. In conclusion, appropriate treatment of rice straw management will significantly contribute to the sustainable development of Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing people's awareness of environmental health has forced Industries to evaluate the environmental impact of their process production and after-used product cycle. One way to measure the environmentally friendly aspect is by performing an industrial product's life cycle assessment (LCA). In this paper, PVC as a commodity plastic material with the third-highest use will be evaluated comprehensively in the form of an LCA. LCA is important to ensure that the current PVC products meet future needs. PVC is a polymeric material with many applications, from rigid unplasticized PVC such as pipes to flexible plasticized PVC such as wrapping plastic. It has an increasing trend in its consumption. The industry needs to prepare for the sustainability of its products. Therefore, further study on after-used products is needed to ensure all comply with the future trend. In this study, a preliminary assessment from the gate to the gate was carried out on many types of PVC industries that include products of pipes, cables, imitation leather, window frames, roofs, and films. A quantitative assessment of the product system is conducted using primary data, which becomes the polymer industry database. This research will give the overview and the potential study for the complete unit process assessment from the cradle to the grave for PVC industries in Indonesia and also generate a new data set and complement the National Life Cycle Inventory data, which is being developed in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID 19 disease has spread worldwide, disrupting the economy, society, education, and health. It became crucial to understand the transmission curve and identify the best action in combating this highly transmissible epidemic. Epidemiological parameters of the deterministic Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model are widely used in explaining the characteristics and behavior of the disease spreading. Disease like COVID-19 is highly influenced by the uncontrolled factors of randomness, hence in this paper, the deterministic susceptible-infected-recovered-death (SIRD) model is extended to the stochastic SIRD (SSIRD) model. SSIRD model takes into consideration the noisy behavior of the process which explains the uncontrolled effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. The epidemiological parameter of the model changes throughout the epidemic due to external factors such as enforcement and public obedience to the control measures as well as the changes in healthcare facilities. These parameters need to be estimated. This paper estimates the epidemiological parameters of the SSIRD model using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method of the Metropolis Hasting algorithm. The COVID-19 data from Malaysia and Indonesia are used and the dynamical behavior of the COVID-19 outbreak in both countries is simulated. The results show the parameter changing due to the uncontrolled factors influencing the trend of the pandemic curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper aims to analyze the prospect of an antithrombotic agent in the protease extract of B. cereus HSFI-10 in vivo based on literature study. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a non-communicable disease known to be the leading cause of death not only in Indonesia but also in ASEAN. In vitro antithrombotic effects of several thrombolytic agents, including the fibrinolytic serine protease from Bacillus sp. It is appreciated, as well as the discovery of bacterial proteases from fermented foods worldwide. Recently, the bacteria from the fermented intestines and muscle of sand sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, were reported to produce proteases with high thrombolytic activity in vitro. Among these bacteria is a bacterial isolate namely B. cereus HSFI-10 was found to produce protease with high clot lysis activity in vitro based on the gravimetry method. Our literature review results revealed that the most common type of animal model used for thrombosis model research is the white Sprague Dawley rat with an average age of around 6 weeks and a weight of about 200 g. The next common type of animal models used in thrombosis related study with carrageenan induction based on the review data are Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) and Swiss Albino. The thrombosis induction mainly targets the tail of rats or mice using carrageenan as the induction agent through intra-vena induction. The dose of carrageenan used for the white Sprague Dawley rats was ranging from 1-20 mg/kg BW rats. As conclusion, bacterial protease extract B. cereus HSFI-10 has high thrombolytic activity, but in vivo studies for the development of antithrombotic agents is scarcely reported. Thus, the development of in vivo studies on experimental animals is promising as a follow-up study to evaluate the potential of protease from B. cereus HSFI-10 as a candidate of antithrombotic agent for the treatment of CVD. The recommended method of thrombosis induction on testing animals is by using carrageenan injected on the tail of Sprague Dawley since the procedure is more efficient in accelerating the formation of thrombus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilayered packaging (MLP) waste is one of Indonesia's most plastic waste types. MLP have various composition, ranges from paper to plastics to metals, and short lifespan making their waste management became harder. Here we present an innovative method to recycle multilayered packaging waste as a paving block. This can assist in providing a recycling process options on reducing the negative impact of MLP waste to the environment. Shredded MLP waste is mixed with shredded polyethylene (PE) bag waste then the mixture is processed by the hot press at 240°C. Six formulas were used to mold the paving block, and the weight ratio of PE to MLP were varied from 0.33 to 3. Paving blocks were tested for their compression strength, according to ASTM D695, to investigate the effect of MLP addition on compressive properties and its compliance to the compressive requirement from SNI 03-0691-1996. According to ASTM D792 and SNI 03-0691-1996, the density and water absorption tests were conducted to support the investigation. MLP Increment increases the compression strength and influences the density. MLP can act as binder and filler, thus filling the void inside the paving block and increasing compression strength. From the obtained results it can be concluded that LDPE_MLP (75) paving block can follow the SNI minimum requirement, in term of compression strength (50.4 MPa) and water absorption (9.95%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass has been used as a fuel mixed with coal in power plants, but biomass has a big challenge because it has chlorine contents that may affect the potential corrosion in the CFPP combustion. This paper aims to convey the chlorine and sulfur content of various mines of Indonesia Coal. The value will be compared to other countries coal and then calculated blended with various biomass to obtain the limitation of chlorine and sulfur content in coals for co-firing. Materials obtained from various mines in Indonesia are used, coals from another country and biomass are used from secondary data. The chlorine content of Indonesia coal is around 0.010% to 0.020%, and from several foreign coals is higher than Indonesia coal, which the value of the highest chlorine contents from Australia and China each 0.159 % and 0.183%, while almost of all biomass have the chlorine content higher than coal. The highest chlorine content is PKS and SRF, which have values of 0.528% and 0.875%. Blending Indonesia coal with various types of biomass shows that the chlorine and sulfur value are still low-risk corrosion potential except for blending composition 20% and 25% with SRF is increased to moderate risk potential [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost and time are some of the factors that significantly influence the course of a construction project. The longer the project runs, the project costs can be greater than the planned costs. One way to optimize the budget implementation of a project is the crashing method. This paper aims to determine the cost and schedule after the crashing method is carried out. The case study was selected from a local road rehabilitation project in the Tanjung Uncang area of Batam, Indonesia. The simulation overtime of 2 hours/day and an additional worker of 20%. The simulation results with overtime can be completed 18.89% faster, while with additional workers, it can be 14.44% faster. The additional costs incurred by crashing the overtime program are 2.04%, while for additional workers, there is a decrease of 0.28%. In making decisions on crashing programs, one must pay attention to the availability of funds, field conditions, and the availability of labor at the project site. Quality targets cannot be sacrificed for reasons of acceleration of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, many companies are competing to produce robots that can help humans. Robots can work with high accuracy, efficiency, and low power in the production of goods. Automated Guided Vehicle is one form of robot that is useful in industry. Automated Cars are another form of functional industrial robot that transports with programmable paths and directions automatically. In this paper, we will discuss the navigation system in Automatic Cars based on previously mapped paths. The robot wheel serves to adjust the direction and position of the robot. The automatic movement can be carried out using computer vision. Warehouses that are not neatly arranged cause the navigation system to be less than optimal. The types of controllers used include classical controllers, fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, and H∞. The purpose of this research is to produce a precise car front view monitoring system using image processing with high enough quality for automatic car navigation. The benefit for science is the development of automatic cars, which so far have not been widely carried out in Indonesia. The results of this study can be useful for the development of methods to build an automatic car system. The benefit for the electronics industry is the availability of control equipment designs to be able to control cars automatically. The effect on society is in the form of future vehicles that can move automatically without a driver. Based on the computer vision system test for Raspberry Pi-based car navigation, it can be ascertained that the car works well and has a small physique, so it looks neat and concise. The movement of the car from the first coordinate point to the next coordinate point is very precise and precise. By installing the L298N motor driver module, it is easier to set the program in python, so that the results sent to the DC motor can be used directly. Using a DC motor that has an excellent performance in terms of torque and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban planners often have a good vision for the urban environment, but that vision is usually limited to visual aesthetics. The sound-based qualitative perspective of the urban environment, which includes sonic and ecological diversity in urban design, is generally ignored. The soundscape approach can be the most effective system for application in urban planning. This paper aims to apply the soundscape approach to urban planning and explore the impact of sound on the formation of urban open spaces through a case study of the Surakarta City parks Indonesia. A mixture of quantitative and qualitative research methods was used. The quantitative method was used to measure background noise using a sound level meter and visualize with a surfer mapping software. The qualitative method was used to observe behavior, the physical environment and perception through interviews. In this context, the paper concludes that the concept of the soundscape is a well-established theme in acoustic environments to identify acoustic data that is compared with the human perception of the environment. Human perceptions of the natural environment and elements of natural sounds, as physical factors, can shape human settlements into a better living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement (PPKM) during the Covid-19 pandemic reduced activities in the transportation sector. This paper presents the measurement of Carbon Monoxide (CO) concentrations during the PPKM in Makassar City, Indonesia. The samples were collected weekly from August to September 2021 from two traffic-heavy roads using Tedlar bags and a vacuum pump and then analyzed using the Non-Dispersive Infrared method (NDIR). Results showed that the average concentrations of CO on the first street in the morning, midday, and afternoon were 826.63±83.34 µg/m3, 685.65±57.43 µg/m3, 861.6±59.79 µg/m3, respectively; and on the second street were 875.46±77.80 µg/m3, 741.80±62.95 µg/m3, 833.04±44.80 µg/m3, respectively. These CO concentrations measured during the PPKM are lower than those measured before the PPKM on the same sites, reported in another paper. The concentrations are also much lower than those of the Air Quality Standard in Makassar, 30,000 µg/m3. This finding implies that similar policies to reduce traffic and pollution, such as car-free-day, should be enacted to improve air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rattus tanezumi frequently interacts with humans and can carry various infections, such as zoonotic organisms. This paper reported a new locality record of Tikusnema javaense Hasegawa, Shiraishi and Rochman, 1992 (Acuariidae: Nematoda) parasitizing R. tanezumi in Papua, Indonesia. The genus Tikusnema, with T. javaense as the new species, was originally described from ricefield rat Rattus argentiventer (Robinson and Kloss, 1916) from West Java. So far, the distribution of T. javaense is Java and Sumatra islands. This is the first record of this species outside Sundaland. Furthermore, this study was also the first report on the presence of a phasmid pair near the male posterior tip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean in Indonesia mostly planted during late dry season after rice harvested in rainfed land resulting in crop failure due to drought. The effect of drought in some areas becomes more severe due to climate change. This paper discusses the breeding and development of soybean varieties tolerant to drought to anticipate the effect of climate change in Indonesia. Breeding program at ILETRI has released three drought tolerant soybean varieties during the reproductive phase. Dering 1 variety was derived from a promising line DV/2984-330 which was cross between Davros variety and MLG 2984; Dering 2 variety was derived from a promising line AB-157-41-22 which was a single cross between Baluran variety with Arg/GCP-335 line; and Dering 3 variety was derived from a promising line DM-122-357-17 which a single cross between Dering 1 and Malabar varieties. Dering 1, Dering 2, and Dering 3 varieties showed average grain yield of 2.12, 2.49, and 2.42 t / ha, respectively which was 1.9 - 19.7%, higher than Grobogan variety. These three varieties having a tolerant response to drought could be developed in drought prone areas for sustainable soybean production in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security system of nuclear facility must be reliable and robust so it must be built and designed using genuine equipment and components. The use of counterfeit, fraudulent, or suspect items (CFSI), whether intentional or unintentional, in the security system will threaten and endanger the security system itself so that it requires careful addressing of CFSI. CFSI are a major concern today, especially in nuclear facilities. They can pose a direct and potential threat to security, in addition to the safety, performance of the facility, the public and the environment, and they can have a negative impact on the cost of the facility. Supply chains and procurement processes play a role in detecting and preventing the entry of CFSI, or substandard non-conforming goods, into nuclear facilities. Lack of control of the processes involved in procuring, receiving, using or disposing of goods can lead to the entry of CFSI into nuclear facilities. This can lead to unexpected threats. Procurement must be managed effectively to ensure the availability of design functions throughout the service life of the nuclear facility. This paper will explore and identify laws and regulations, regulatory challenges, and see the adequacy of these regulations in the context of addressing CFSI in the construction of nuclear security systems in Indonesia. The method used is descriptive and qualitative analysis as well as literature study. The results of the review show that although there are no laws or regulations specifically aimed at regulating matters related to counterfeit goods, in principle, nationally there are already existing regulations concerning the circulation and trade of counterfeit goods. However, the specific regulations on CSFI in the nuclear industry still have to be further regulated in a more complete national regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in technology are a double-edged sword in terms of nuclear safety and security. In recent years, the increased use of drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has created both opportunities and new threats to nuclear security. UAV intervention has a wide range of applications that could be a threat to nuclear facility, including aerial shooting, the possibility of stealth smuggling of prohibited substances and objects both to and from nuclear facility protected areas, or sabotage with potential damage to critical infrastructure elements, blackouts, and looting. As a result, nuclear facilities that lack effective means of detecting and combating UAV may be vulnerable to the spread of dangerous materials and terrorist sabotage attacks. Considering the various UAV threats, nuclear facilities must take practical measures to protect themselves at the facility level based on the established UAV threat criteria such as early detection and identification, appropriate response and disablement measures. The action taken to ensure that a nuclear facility is prepared to withstand UAV threat include ensuring that regulations exist as a legal basis and that a nuclear facility has a Physical Protection System (PPS) capable of carrying out detect, delay, and response functions. Many international governments have issued warnings to small UAV (drones) owners, urging them to obtain official licenses before flying their photography drones. The use of UAVs in Indonesia is governed by Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number PM 27 of 2021, PM 37 of 2020, PM 63 of 2021, and PM 34 of 2021. The purpose of this paper is to examine the readiness of PPS in Serpong Nuclear Facility, and the result of this paper will be used as a recommendation for developing the PPS and/or the nuclear security regulation in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear reactor operation produces spent nuclear fuel and shall be appropriately managed. The policy for managing nuclear-spent fuel in Indonesia follows an open cycle of nuclear material. Nuclear spent fuel is classified as high-level radioactive waste prohibited from reprocessing but shall be disposed of or returned to the country of origin. In decommissioning the TRIGA 2000 reactor in Bandung, the question arises of how to manage the nuclear-spent fuel from the decommissioned reactor. This study is needed to prepare any options that the applicable laws and regulations can carry out. Several aspects that are considered in eachoption are presented in this paper, including technical aspects, safety, security, and safeguards. This study resulted in many options that can be selected that are: (1) nuclear-spent fuel is transported and stored to the TC-ISSF (wet type)using a transport cask, (2) transported and stored using a dual-purpose cask (dry type), (3) repatriated to the country of origin. Each option also discussed what requirements are prepared and fulfilled according to regulations and technical requirements. This study is helpful for policymakers to determine the choice of nuclear-spent fuel management from the decommissioning activities of the TRIGA 2000 reactor in Bandung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Center for Accelerator Technology (PRTA) has designed the VIALI (Valuable Internet Laboratory of Indonesia) Program by utilizing EBM or the so-called electron accelerator owned by PRTA with the name Arjuna 1.0. The EBM has been used for researchers and students from universities in Indonesia. The activity of using the VIALI program begins with making a design for digitizing the parameters of the EBM Arjuna 1.0 which is in the process of being implemented. These parameters will be more easily displayed on the EBM parameter monitoring system using the LabView Program and website design for educational and research facilities. The focus of this paper is to obtain the design concept of a data acquisition system for the main parameters of the Arjuna 1.0 EBM operation including Vacuum System, High Voltage Source, Electron Source and Optical System. The design concept has been equipped with a web site facility that contains protocol information and experimental data base, video-based training (VBT) and in parallel with real-time video teleconferencing facilities that can be followed directly as a remote laboratory. The Accelerator Remote Laboratory display is supported by a digital data acquisition device with product modules from Advantech for Instrumentation and Control Systems. This system can later be utilized by engineering students from universities and other researchers as a research facility, student practicum and industry which is part of the Teaching Laboratory as well as the "Independent Learning Campus Independent program" which was previously carried out on site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mamuju is one focus area of radioactive mineral exploration in Indonesia. For almost a decade, geology, geochemistry, and geophysical exploration activities were conducted in the area. To estimate the uranium and thorium undiscovered resources in the area, a quantitative 3-part assessment is applied. The 3-part form of assessment assumes that mineral resources, contained in undiscovered deposits of a particular geological type, can be quantified using statistical distributions that characterize grades, tonnages, and the spatial distribution of known deposits of the same type. The 3-part assessments include three stages: (1) determination models of grades and tonnages of deposits, (2) delineation of permissive tracts, (3) estimation of the likely number of undiscovered deposits, and finally the estimation of the total undiscovered metal endowment. This paper focused on the delineation of permissive tracts from a regional to local geology point of view. Permissive tracts represent extended frontiers of terrains for which geologic environments permit a deposit type to form. Based on the geological analysis, volcanogenic uranium represents the deposit model for uranium in the area, while alkaline represents the deposit model for thorium. From the analysis of geology, geochemistry, and geophysical data, the permissive tract is delineated for further undiscovered resource assessment. Compared to the previous permissive tract delineation, the method integrating statistically processed radiometric and geochemical data, as well as geological map and deposit model was better and more effective for delineating permissive tract for undiscovered resources assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of green building is believed to be a key factor in achieving sustainable development in the building sector. The Green Building Council Indonesia is responsible for the development and deployment of green buildings in Indonesia, and has released version 1.2 of the Greenship rating tools for evaluating new green buildings. The use of renewable energy sources in green buildings is highly encouraged, with one point awarded for every 0.5% of energy usage covered by renewable energy, up to a maximum of five points. The installation of rooftop PV systems is a popular choice for renewable energy in many governmental green-rated buildings, but it is important to determine the ideal capacity to prevent overpriced installation costs. This paper proposes a method where the focus is on gaining maximum points in renewable energy and minimizing investment costs, rather than maximizing installed capacity. This approach can reduce capacity by up to 68%. Another important consideration is choosing the optimum grid connectivity type, and the paper discusses the options of on-grid or zero export schemes. Zero export scheme is chosen for this case since the capacity of the PV system is much smaller than the grid power connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with a large number of daily coastal fishermen. The majority of fishing boats use diesel as fuel, on the other hand, solar energy as a renewable energy source is widely available in countries that cross the equator. This paper aims to conduct a preliminary design of a 5 GT fishing boat's use of solar panels as electric motor propulsion for daily coast fishermen. Based on field data processing, it was found that the appropriate fishing boat size was 10 m in length, 2.2 m in width, 1.1 m in height, and 0.55 m in the draft. The results of the design show that the electric motor propulsion fishing boat can operate optimally using solar energy is 7 hours with a sailing distance of 9 sea miles. These results can be used as a reference for the substitution of fossil fuels into renewable energy so that they can provide the benefits of low daily operating costs for daily coast fishermen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vernacular concept can be implemented or applied multidisciplinary, either in linguistic or design area; architecture design, interior design, design & environment, and visual communication design. Vernacular concept related to traditional concept. Where historical source needed to supply the analysis of the concept. In this paper, Vernacular concept used as comparative study but also collating the vernacular architecture and the vernacular typography, by using Minangkabau traditional house at West Sumatra named Rumah Gadang as sample. The result from the comparison between two different kinds of field of knowledge will show how far vernacular concept can be use and continue as model for another type of vernacular objects in Indonesia. As we know, Indonesia has many of tradition and culture to preserve its existence because the concept of tradition itself is need to be developed and deliver to continue and preserve our traditional heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]