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This paper provides a premier insight into renewable energy, global perspectives, challenges, development, and the environmental impact of solar power in Iraq. Every day, degrees of global sun radiation range from 2000 kWh/m2 to 2500 kWh/m2. The global demand for electricity due to environmental concerns increases the pressure to use alternative, sustainable, and hassle-free power sources. Solar power is an infinite, CO2-free energy source that may be used anywhere in the planet. Solar energy generates 1.4 ×105 TW of power on the earth's surface, as well as around 3.6×104 TW of this electricity is utilized. Global power usage decreased by 3.6 ×104 TW in 2012 to 17 TW. Photovoltaic (PV) cells are critical components for turning solar radiation into electricity. Photovoltaic technology, energy conversion efficiency, economic evaluation, electricity legislation, environmental effect, a wide range of uses, and possibilities, this study goes into great detail on s and development. This painting collects new literature (e.g. research papers, conference proceedings, reports, books) on photovoltaic technology, monetary analysis, environmental impact, and public awareness policies. Due to the fast advancement of PV technology, the assessment determined that PV is a simple approach to harvest solar energy. Finally, this work shows the projects that can be adapted to control the use of renewable electricity systems in standard electricity and in particular solar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, some renewable energy researchers have their attention directed toward the possibilities of harnessing the tornado energy concept by creating an artificial vortex utilizing solar energy for electrical power generation. Given this concept trend, a new Solar Vortex Engine (SVE) was proposed, designed, and simulate at the University of Technology – Iraq (UOT). In this paper, a computational simulation was used in the ANSYS 2020 R1 program to simulate the influence of solar intensity on the vortex updraft velocity generated. Initial boundary parameters have been included for SVE geometry, intake velocity, and different solar radiation (400, 700, and 1000) W/m2, while the outlet parameter is listed as a vortex updraft velocity. The CFD results and validation showed the direct effects of radiation concentration on the air velocity of the ascending vortex, which increased by 37% when the solar intensity went from 400 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effect of injecting micro bubbles of air into a flowing water stream in copper tube of 8-meter length with a wavy design and a diameter of 0.0125 meter has been studied. The solar collector's inner surface moreover, coated with matte black paint that includes thermal die and 5% of TiN (Titanium Nitrate) nanoparticles to enhance the ability of solar radiation absorption. The solar collector's performance was evaluated. The experimental rig was designed and built in Karbala-Iraq, latitude (32.6160 oN) and longitude (44.0249 oE) within the first four months of the year. The air was introduced into the tubes through a venturi device, which mixed with the water and then flowed together inside the solar water collecting tube. The first section of the experiment involved only four various levels of water flow (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) L/min, while the second section involved a water flow with injection of air bubbles at three different levels (0.25, 0.35) L/min. The result showed that as the rate of mass flow is reduced, the outgoing temperature rises, resulting in a rise the difference in temperature between the entrance and the output temperatures in both the incoming and departing systems. The largest temperature difference was 6.6 oC for opened system and 9.1 oC for closed system. But the small flow rate showed that the collector efficiency is decrease. Also, the results shows that the best efficiency for opened system at 1 liter per minute and 2 liter per minute for closed system. The average efficiency in the closed system was (65.57 %) at water and air bubble flow rate of 2 L/min and 0.35 L/min, respectively. The average efficiency of the opened system was (39.27 %) for water and air bubble flow rate of 1 L/min and 0.25 L/min, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The roof plays a predominant role in residential buildings' energy efficiency in hot countries as it receives a significant amount of solar radiation during the summer months. Incorporating phase change material is considered a sustainable solution to improve building energy performance. In this paper, the energy-saving earned from incorporating separate phase change material panel into a composite flat roof is investigated experimentally under hot climatic conditions of Al Amarah city, south of Iraq. Two identical small-scale rooms (with and without phase change material layer) have installed considering composite flat roof and insulated floor and walls. The roofs are composed of Isogam (as a roofing layer), concrete (as the main roof layer) and gypsum board (as a cladding layer). The maximum temperature reduction, average temperature fluctuation reduction, decrement factor and time lag have been calculated and discussed. Results indicated that PCM could efficiently reduce heat transfer through the roof and contribute to building energy- saving. The maximum interior surface temperature is reduced by up to 8.75 °C in the PCM roof. Moreover, an average maximum temperature reduction, average temperature fluctuation reduction, decrement factor and time lag of respectively 10.65%, 7.68 °C, 0.522 and ∼100 min, is obtained from the modified roof compared to the reference roof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solar energy has some kind of effects in many fields connected to the human life as health, electricity generation and industrial, in a lot of countries around the world. Iraq is one of the countries, which has a large amount of the solar radiation throughout a year that can be invested to compensate the shortfall in the electric power particularly. In this paper, the analysis models in the four years from 2017 to 2020 are applied to estimate the amounts of the daily solar radiation using Multiple Linear Regression (Mtp_LR) method in Anbar, Iraq. Furthermore, two climate variables relative humidity (%) and air pressure Pascal unit (Pa) have been implemented as an input dataset to the predictive models. The results are evaluated via two statistical indicators Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE). The models of the four years acquire remarkable accuracy in solar energy forecasting with RMSE values of the statistical indicators RMSE (0.8915, 1.0827, 0.7757 and 0.5055) kilowatt hours per square meter (kWh/m2) in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 respectively, that determines a strong estimation outcome with the best relationship between the independent variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows investigate and analyzed of theoretical and experimental performance of photovoltaic (PV) module under harsh weather conditions of Iraq. The investigation was performed in Baghdad because the weather climate change recently was noticeable and the shortage of electricity supplied from the national grid. The theoretical analysis addressed the parameters, analysis, and characteristics of the PV module were performed by MATLAB emulation software. Open-circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), output power (Poutput) characteristics, and PV module efficiency have been verified from the simulation model of the PV module. These characteristics have been experimentally investigated in order to validate the emulation outcomes. There are a good conformity between emulation and experimental results at different solar radiation and cell temperature weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]