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The implementation of green building is believed to be a key factor in achieving sustainable development in the building sector. The Green Building Council Indonesia is responsible for the development and deployment of green buildings in Indonesia, and has released version 1.2 of the Greenship rating tools for evaluating new green buildings. The use of renewable energy sources in green buildings is highly encouraged, with one point awarded for every 0.5% of energy usage covered by renewable energy, up to a maximum of five points. The installation of rooftop PV systems is a popular choice for renewable energy in many governmental green-rated buildings, but it is important to determine the ideal capacity to prevent overpriced installation costs. This paper proposes a method where the focus is on gaining maximum points in renewable energy and minimizing investment costs, rather than maximizing installed capacity. This approach can reduce capacity by up to 68%. Another important consideration is choosing the optimum grid connectivity type, and the paper discusses the options of on-grid or zero export schemes. Zero export scheme is chosen for this case since the capacity of the PV system is much smaller than the grid power connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to RUPTL 2021 – 2030, Indonesia committed to 23% renewable energy in 2025; meanwhile, in 2019 it is still 9%. Therefore it will require effort from all type renewable energy source which available in Indonesia. As Indonesia is a country with most people who consume rice, the rice husk availability will be abundant automatically. Without good utilization of rice husk in the rice, mills will become a severe threat to the environment. It can generate millions of tons of CO2 when burnt. Also, it will take a long time to degradation if only throw into the environment. Biomass Gasification Power Plant is a technology that utilizes bioenergy with less CO2 emission since the fuel is the rice husk. Utilizing biomass gasification is part of renewable energy available in Indonesia. In this paper, a gasification power plant prototype with a 10 kW capacity will be used as a model to determine how big the possible contribution of a gasification power plant to participate 23% renewable energy in 2025. It will review the recent cost of Tarif /kWh and compare it with the local electricity tariff price. Also, alternative utilizing energy biomass becomes heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concerns on process modeling of torrefaction and activation of oil palm trunk (OPT) becoming activated charcoal, abundant biomass resources coming from replantation of oil palm. The processes are very crucial in treating OPT before utilization for energy source due to the high level of water content and volatile matters in the biomass. Oil palm trunk is solid waste biomass from oil palm, which can be a new and renewable energy source with great potential in Indonesia. One way to increase the value of oil palm trunk is by increasing its calorific value. Utilization of this OPT waste will be used to produce fuel that is relatively more environmentally friendly. One of the processes to increase the calorific value of the OPT is torrefaction, and its use-value can be increased again by the activation process to produce activated carbon. In this research, modeling and simulation were carried out on the drying process and OPT torrefaction using three types of reactors of the Gibbs reactor, Yield reactor, and Batch reactor. Oil palm trunk is defined as cellulose, hemicellulose, extractive, ash, and water. The simulation results in the form of HHV and yield values were then validated with experimental data. Statistical analysis to determine the effect of HHV charcoal and impregnation ratio (IR) on the surface area was carried out by collecting and processing literature data. For the torrefaction process, the difference between the simulation results and the experiment on the Gibbs reactor is about 5 % for HHV and about 10 to 14.94% for yield. Meanwhile, the yield reactor has an error about 12 to 19% for HHV and 5 % for yield. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the optimum temperature for the torrefaction process is 275°C. Based on statistical analysis, the impregnation ration of ZnCl2 to produce the maximum surface area of 1652.507 m2/g is 5.458. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing rate of population growth in Indonesia has resulted in an increase in the rate of energy demand each year. Indonesia has the potential for quite abundant energy sources, one of which is the potential for water energy. The po-tential of water energy is one of the most widely used renewable energy sources and provides a sizeable contribution in the world. Micro hydro and picohydro power plants are quite popular in various countries and are considered suitable for application in remote areas that have a potential source of water energy. The Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVPP) is a micro-hydro power plant for low-head and low-flow applications. GWVPP was first developed by Franz Zotlöterer since 2006 to produce surface runoff created in an open space with an orifice located at the bottom of the basin resulting in a water vortex. This paper presents a theoretical review, performance evaluation, and findings of previous research on GWVPP. GWVPP is a relatively new technology in micro hydro power generation. GWVPP works by means of a water vortex induced by a gravitational force which is then absorbed by a Gravitational Water Vortex Turbine (GWVT) which is connected to a generator to produce electricity. In GWVT the water energy hits the blade at the same time, so the active area of the blade is relatively larger. The average efficiency of this GWVT is 53%. Various experimental studies as well as numerical simulations on turbine design and parameters have been carried out to improve their efficiency. Further research is still being carried out by researchers to get the most optimal efficiency. Below, various parameters that affect the per-formance of GWVT are described which are expected to meet the electricity needs of regions in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is one of the countries which have geothermal potential as a renewable energy resource. Forty per cent of the world's geothermal energy potential, at 28,000 megawatts (MW) is estimated found in Indonesia. Activities in geothermal also generate some waste, including solid waste. The sources of solid waste in geothermal energy are including drill cuttings, scale from cooling water, scale from maintenance, domestic waste, hazardous solid waste from the machine and heavy equipment maintenance, and others. The objectives of this study are to determine the variety of solid waste sources, types and characteristics of solid waste, and management of hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste in Indonesia's geothermal energy utilization. The methods used in this study are field observation, literature review, and interview with the worker in the geothermal field. The source of solid waste is generally similar because of similar activity. The primary solid wastes generated from Indonesia geothermal field are drill cutting, scale, domestic waste, silica sludge, and organic waste. The source for solid waste is similar to other countries such as exploration and production, maintenance, laboratory analysis, and also power generation activity. Indonesia geothermal field manages its organic waste generally by composting. The other non-hazardous waste is delivered to the waste bank or environmental community to be recycled or reused. They manage hazardous waste with the third party and also collect it first at the final disposal site. To reduce solid waste from the geothermal field, they should have suggestion and innovation program to manage their solid waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic waste in Indonesia in total reaches 189 kilograms tons/day. The types of plastic waste that are often found are low density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The aim of research are to describe the characteristic and to analyze the validation result of plastic simple recycler. The method used to treat LDPE, PS and PET plastic waste was pyrolysis. Plastic waste to be processed was cleaned and dried first to separate it from impurities. The time used in the experiment was 108 minutes with a temperature above 370°C. The results of LDPE and PET pyrolysis, can produce alternative energy. Based on the results of the validation tests, the mean rcount was 0.87 which indicates that the plastic simple recycler declared valid. The plastic simple recycler has six main component consist of a reactor, stove, the first and second alternative condensors, a basin, and a storage container. This plastic simple recycler has insteresting characteristics; easy to assembly and use, low cost and good pyrolysis performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays electricity is very important to support various sectors of life. However, as the demand for electricity increases, the source of electrical energy is not enough to supply the energy demand. Indonesia has various potential sources of renewable energy that can be used, one of them is hydropower which in 2018 reached 94.3 GW. But, the utilization of these energy sources has not been maximized because there are limited water turbine manufacturers in Indonesia. This research will develop an application for calculating the design of a Cross Flow water turbine. Cross-Flow Turbine has several advantages, that it is easy to build and has an efficiency that tends to be constant. The calculations include power, rotational speed, speed components, dimensions of turbine components like runners, blades, and nozzles. The application can be used to simulate performance using discharge variations to determine the efficiency of the designed turbine. Also, a Cross Flow turbine is designed with a gross head of 10 meters and a flow rate of 0.4 m3/s. Turbine component calculations are adjusted to the application and manual calculations are used to the validation and application testing. Performance simulation using flow variation of 0.05 m3/s; 0.3 m3/s; and 0.7 m3/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The final energy consumption of Indonesia's fuel oil continues to increase every year for the past ten years. In general, most of energy consumption is obtained by fossil-fuels such as oil, gas, coal, and geothermal and the rest is renewable energy. This condition indicates that Indonesia is relying on non-renewable energy sources yet, whereas the numbers are running low. To overcome it, other energy needs to be developed to replace oil fuels that are renewable, eco-friendly, and natural. One potential renewable energy source developed in Indonesia instead of fuel is bio-ethanol (C2H5OH), which is mixed with gasoline (E5, E10, and E15); further the octane value of fuel can be increased. In addition to the problems in the comparison of the two fuel mixtures, the properties of each different substance are resulted in the difficulty of mixing both types of fuel that can produce a high Coefficient of Variation which results in the performance of the gasoline engine and cause torque fluctuations (vehicle driveability problem) produced. Addition of oxygenated additives (0.5 vol %) is intended, so that an insignificant COV value will be produced (less than 10%) in the two mixtures, whereby it can enhance performance and emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]