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The paper deals with the research and practical use of petroleum bitumens and bitumen-based modified binders in road construction in Russia compared to the advanced global research. It is shown that unmodified petroleum bitumens are used in the construction and repair of regional and local roads in Russia. Moreover, in Russia, oxidized bitumens are widely used, the quality of which is significantly inferior to the residual bitumens accepted for use in developed countries. The materials used for bitumen modification in Russia and abroad are considered, the most widely used thermoelastoplasts, thermoplastics, and natural and synthetic rubbers including. The issues of using sulfur and its derivatives as cross-linking agents are discussed. Reactive substances, as well as the functionalization of the modifiers themselves, i.e., the directed use of functional groups that provide missing bonds in the interaction are covered. The studies on nanoscale effect in the interaction of bitumen components with natural or synthesized nanomaterials are presented. Currently, an increasing number of researchers, both in Russia and abroad, are trying to find ways to improve the quality characteristics of modified bitumens using waste, while solving both environmental and economic problems. Although there has been marked progress in such developments, they are still difficult to compete with specially designed and manufactured modifiers. This progress is evident in the use of so-called hybrid or mixed modifiers, the components of which are selected for improving specific properties. There is considerable interest in the use of crumb rubber from worn-out tires as a potentially suitable component for making bitumen elastic and reducing the brittleness temperature. In Russia, there are noteworthy developments in this area that have been industrially tested. An interesting method is the high-temperature shear grinding of rubber crumbs on ultra-high-pressure devices, at which the specific surface area of the particles is disproportionately large, compared to the known methods. This provides an accelerated interaction of particles with bitumen forming mesh structures at the dry method of introducing crumb directly into bitumen-concrete mixture. The paper describes the main types of equipment for bitumen modification. Currently, the road industry in Russia is undergoing a conceptual transition to the new generation of standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the topic of oil-containing wastes generated in oil production and refining and having a significant negative impact on the environment. The problem is that only a small amount of oil-containing wastes is currently processed with the help of technologies. To prevent environmental pollution and threats to public health, enterprises need to take measures to neutralize and reduce the hazard class of oily waste for oil storage facilities and distribution depots. The paper presents the case of terminal sludge collectors in Arkhangelsk, situated in the northern part of the Russian Federation. The authors give the rationale for reducing the hazard class of oil-containing wastes, slurry cards stored for long periods at the Arkhangelsk oil transshipment complex. A technology for lowering the hazardous class of oily waste is suggested. It includes several stages and implies the division of oil sludge into layers and splitting the treatment process into phases. The waste disposal treatment consists of dosage, heating, mixing of the solid phase of the waste with organic substances, preparation and heat treatment of mixtures. The application of the method allows for the neutralization and cure of oil-contaminated materials with optimal energy consumption and the use of domestic commercially available equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the comparative analysis of physicochemical properties of oils in North American, Scandinavian, and Russian sectors of the Arctic. The analysis of oil reserve distribution in the arctic territory and aquatory shows that the Russian sector is much higher in oil reserves than North American and Scandinavian sectors. The comparative analysis is given for heavy and viscous oils of the West Siberian Arctic region so as to provide crude oil supply to the pipeline transportation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]