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Aluminum slag wastes are categorized as hazardous waste so that their disposal in the soil without any treatment can cause serious environmental problems, especially groundwater contamination. This paper aims to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes around aluminum slag waste disposal areas in SumobitoSub district and Kesamben Subdistrict, Jombang Regency. The disposal area that potentially contaminates groundwater is estimated at 31.367 m2 with a volume of 96.470 m3. This study executed a comprehensive literature review of aluminum slag waste characteristics, the environmental impact, groundwater contamination, and management. The methods were monitoring results in 28shallow wells around the disposal area using in situ measurement for parameter pH, temperature TDS, conductivity. Results show that groundwater quality in Bakalan Village, Sebani Village, Talun Kidul Village, Carangrejo Village, Kendalsari Village, and Budug Villageexceed the Indonesian standard for drinking water. This paper attempts to provide a preliminary study for decision-making in groundwater management in the affected area. Further study for the heavy metal parameter in groundwater around the disposal area needs to be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian construction industry has a very low rate of women involvement. Previous studies have investigated the barriers and challenges of women participation in this industry including gender discrimination, harassments, inflexible working hours and limited opportunities for women. Despite a range of efforts and initiatives to increase the involvement of women, this industry remains a male dominated sector in Indonesia. This paper aims to quantitatively identify the key barriers to female students' career choice in the Indonesian construction industry. It employs a comprehensive literature review, followed by a questionnaire survey distribution. A total of 89 valid responses was obtained and analysed using RII and Factor Analysis. The analysis found that lack of confidence is the top barrier followed by safety issues and inequality in the recruitment process. In addition, this study has also established five clusters of barriers to female students' career choice, namely: male dominance, working environment, stereotyping, nature of the jobs, and gender discrimination. This paper provides a crucial study on career choice by minorities in the construction industry and thus, is an important step to recognize diversity and equality efforts in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature review found that only a few studies in Indonesia have been applied to modeling peatlands fire occurrences. In our previous studies, various machine learning classification approaches are applied to predict forest fire occurrence in the peatlands area. Our previous empirical study found that the datasets of fire hotspot areas, especially for data from the South Kalimantan area, need to be more balanced. In this paper, we consider ADAptive SYNthetic (ADASYN) method for the sampling approach to balance the datasets. We found that by balancing the data, the performance of the classification method can improve about 2-4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper aims to analyze the prospect of an antithrombotic agent in the protease extract of B. cereus HSFI-10 in vivo based on literature study. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a non-communicable disease known to be the leading cause of death not only in Indonesia but also in ASEAN. In vitro antithrombotic effects of several thrombolytic agents, including the fibrinolytic serine protease from Bacillus sp. It is appreciated, as well as the discovery of bacterial proteases from fermented foods worldwide. Recently, the bacteria from the fermented intestines and muscle of sand sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, were reported to produce proteases with high thrombolytic activity in vitro. Among these bacteria is a bacterial isolate namely B. cereus HSFI-10 was found to produce protease with high clot lysis activity in vitro based on the gravimetry method. Our literature review results revealed that the most common type of animal model used for thrombosis model research is the white Sprague Dawley rat with an average age of around 6 weeks and a weight of about 200 g. The next common type of animal models used in thrombosis related study with carrageenan induction based on the review data are Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) and Swiss Albino. The thrombosis induction mainly targets the tail of rats or mice using carrageenan as the induction agent through intra-vena induction. The dose of carrageenan used for the white Sprague Dawley rats was ranging from 1-20 mg/kg BW rats. As conclusion, bacterial protease extract B. cereus HSFI-10 has high thrombolytic activity, but in vivo studies for the development of antithrombotic agents is scarcely reported. Thus, the development of in vivo studies on experimental animals is promising as a follow-up study to evaluate the potential of protease from B. cereus HSFI-10 as a candidate of antithrombotic agent for the treatment of CVD. The recommended method of thrombosis induction on testing animals is by using carrageenan injected on the tail of Sprague Dawley since the procedure is more efficient in accelerating the formation of thrombus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boom and bust cycle in cocoa commodity experiences to many countries, particularly in Indonesia. As the third-largest cocoa bean producer country, emerging local semi-finished chocolate producers respond to the markets as the primary government objective to boost rural, regional, and national economies. However, the factory established surrounded by enormous cocoa trees should resist competitors; the unsustainability issue ironically has become a primary factor in declining bean supply from the farmers to the factory. This paper is based on a literature review and interviewing local chocolate processor managers to elicit root issues behind unsustainability experienced by the company. We underlined that the role of internal (management) and external (farmer, government, and competitor) factors is the primary key. The findings suggest that the need for risk management, farmer encouragement, eating chocolate habit program, and fair trade apply will probably help solve unsustainability issues of emerging local chocolate processors in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing (RS) technology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have changed the traditional way of working that takes costs, time, and labor consumes to become modern and efficient. This paper review aimed at the role of remote sensing and GIS in grassland management. The review used a descriptive methodology to analyze literature from a number of journals concerning applied spatial research studies to look for the best method to be applied in grassland research in East Sumba Regency, Indonesia. In conclusion, the use of satellite imagery for both supervised and unsupervised classification is very helpful in determining the location, area, and limiting factors around it. A Maximum Likelihood Classification is the most widely used form of supervised classification and is used in a variety of applications. However, the ISODATA is the most effective method for unsupervised classification. The effort to determine a grassland or other purposes with land-use suitability analysis can be done with Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) through an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. This method is very helpful for decision-makers, especially in the farm industry. Both an expert#x2019;s judgment and literature review can be as source indicator factors use in suitability analysis. Considering the natural condition of land cover and land use in the East Sumba Regency, the identification and management of grassland will face a lot of resources and is time-consuming. Through remote sensing and GIS approaches, researchers are very helpful in increasing the level of accuracy and saving time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the hierarchy of end-of-use options for smartphones to support online learning during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The EOU options were first studied by reviewing relevant literature about e-waste in Indonesia and then a hierarchy of EOU options was drew up. Finally, integrating the result with the analysis from the literature review on the use of smartphones in online learning during the pandemic, we proposed a new hierarchy that could bridge the challenges in both aspects. As a result, it helps to reduce e-waste from used smartphones and at the same time helps underprivileged students to obtain smartphones for online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education for children with special needs, especially with mild intellectual disabilities, has not received much attention from researchers and practitioners. The education of intellectual disabilities children also has the same right to develop according to the needs of the times as regular children's education in general. The changing and evolving needs of the times should also be followed by changes in the curriculum used, considering that one of the learning goals in special schools for intellectual disabilities children is to make the children who can live independently. In special schools for intellectual disabilities children in Indonesia, mathematics learning is combined with other lessons to discuss specific themes in everyday life. Based on an extensive literature search on the mathematics curriculum in special schools for intellectual disabilities children, this paper aims to review the literature involving two things: (1) mathematics education curriculum in special schools for intellectual disabilities children in Indonesia, and (2) mathematics curriculum in special education in Australia and Singapore. A view is also provided. This paper concludes that: (1) learning in special schools for intellectual disabilities children in Indonesia uses thematic learning where mathematics learning is focused on its usefulness in everyday life, (2) numeracy is the focus of education in Australia, not least for intellectual disabilities children, and learning Mathematics for mild intellectual disabilities children in Singapore includes the concepts of numbers, spaces, arithmetic procedures, problem solving and measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of technological advancements, the development of BPM (BPM) and market share ownership competition is one of the most important challenges faced by managers and organizational leaders in the current era. Almost all organizations or companies, no exception organizations or Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), need a system that can integrate business operations to run well, quickly, and efficiently. To integrate the system, it must be ensured that the BPM of the organization or company is effective. Enterprises that have implemented BPM effectively help to improve organizational performance to achieve competitive advantage. With maturity, it is expected to measure the BPM ability performance in an organization or business. This paper provides how a BPM maturity level has been applied in MSMEs using a literature study method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The best investment for the progress of the nation in a country is to realize quality education. Quality education can be obtained with adequate infrastructure. Facilities in education are facilities that are used directly in educational activities so that the desired learning objectives can be achieved. Educational infrastructure has several types, which can be in the form of indirectly supporting the educational process. Educational facilities and infrastructure are meaningful because the quality of education can be improved through the provision of facilities and infrastructure. Good quality education can adapt in the era of society 5.0. An era where society is human-centred and technology-based. This attracts researchers to conduct a literature review about the role of infrastructure in improving the quality of education towards the era of society 5.0. There are many articles that discuss facilities and infrastructure to improve the quality of education. This paper is a literature review that aims to determine the preparation of educational facilities and infrastructure in the era of society 5.0 so that it will have a positive impact on education in Indonesia. Based on the results of a literature review from various studies at home and abroad, it is known that adequate educational facilities and infrastructure will create higher quality education and are ready for the era of society 5.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of education in the learning process is influenced by the phenomenon of Society 5.0. Education in Indonesia has also adapted to these changes by applying the concept "Merdeka Belajar." "Merdeka Belajar" means freedom of learning, which allows students to learn as freely and freely as they can to learn calmly, relax, and happily without stress. "Merdeka Belajar" aims to provide a happy atmosphere for teachers, students, and parents. "Merdeka Belajar" for students is influenced by external factors such as culture, the environment, and social relations. These factors seem likely to be closer to the concept that has been established and intact in the school climate. Feeling happy and comfortable at school is a great motivator for student learning and growth. The final aspect of the school atmosphere is students' perceptions of safety. The goal of this research is to figure out what makes a good school atmosphere and how it relates to the "Merdeka Belajar" notion. An integrated overview of school climate studies is presented in this paper. Experimental research, correlational studies, literature reviews, and other descriptive studies are among the citations cited in this study. Safety, Relationships, Teaching and Learning, Institutional Environment, and the School Improvement Process were found to be the qualities of a successful school environment. These five essential dimensions can create independence in learning. This article explores the consequences of the features of the school atmosphere in "Merdeka Belajar" based on the findings of this study." An effective school climate is expected to be able to realize "Merdeka Belajar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of a smart home has developed since the 90s. Where the initial goal of the emergence of the concept of a smart home is to create home automation that can increase the comfort of its residents. Smart home technology enables communication between household appliances and users and improves automation, monitoring and remote-control capabilities. Various studies have been conducted to develop smart home technology. The main purpose of developing a smart home is to meet human needs, namely, to increase user comfort and make everyday life easier. In its development, there are several aspects in a smart home that must be met, namely Security and Safety, Energy Management, and Comfort Control. In various countries have started implementing smart home simulators as learning media, various studies also show that the use of simulators can help in understanding a technology . But until now, in Indonesia, there is still no simulator/trainer who can facilitate learning about smart home technology. Therefore it is necessary to develop intelligent home prototypes that are integrated into one product to facilitate this learning. In this case, context-aware technology is a solution that can be used in the development of a smart green building. Technology context-aware is a term for a smart home that has the intelligence to automate home devices based on the context of the occupants. This paper aims to be a reference in developing smart home prototypes that fulfil the smart home aspects so that they can facilitate learning about smart home technology. This article was prepared by applying the method of critical analysis of literature published from 1992 to 2019 in journals and proceedings in Indonesian and English. As a follow up to future research, this article proposes the development of context-aware smart home simulator to facilitate learning about smart home technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural gas is the cleanest primary fuel and is projected to replace coal in the future. In Indonesia, natural gas sources and their supporting infrastructure are still very potential to be explored. However, to achieve sustainability goals involving environmental and economic factors, models and optimization are needed. It is hoped that the modeling and optimization can be used for decision making in operating the plant and in planning sustainable infrastructure. This literature review includes an overview of several natural gas processing plants in Indonesia, optimization in terms of energy use in their processing units, efficiency in production costs and carbon emissions produced. Also this paper reviews the selection of data resources, methods for several optimization objectives. In this research, the data of natural gas processing plants in java, sumatra, sulawesi and papua are reviewed. Various optimization methods such as multi-decision objective method, life cycle analysis and material-energy flow analysis are also explored [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water's essential function as drinking water is a significant daily intake. Contamination by microorganisms (bacteria or viruses) on water sources and drinking water supplies is a common cause in developing countries like Indonesia. This paper will discuss the sources of clean water and drinking water and their problems in developing countries; water quality and its relation to public health problems in these countries; and what efforts that can be make to improve water quality. The method used is a literature review from the latest journals. Water quality is influenced by natural processes and human activities around the water source Among developed countries, public health problems caused by low water quality, such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhus, skin itching, kidney disease, hypertension, heart disease, cancer, and other diseases the nervous system. Good water quality has a role to play in decreasing the number of disease sufferers or health issues due to drinking and the mortality rate. The efforts made to improve water quality and public health are by improving WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) facilities and infrastructure and also WASH education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volcanic tuffs are defined as relatively soft and porous pyroclastic rocks which are usually formed by lithification and cementation of volcanic dust or ash. Previous studies on geotechnical properties of tuffs have been carried out with the aim of engineering and alternative materials for cement aggregate materials, dam construction materials, and pavement materials. This paper aims to review several studies of tuff material that have been carried out from several locations around the world and in Indonesia. Tuff rock has geotechnical properties such as 18-25 kN/m³ of unit weight, 1.5 - 2.4 gr/cm³ of bulk density, 2.29 - 2.64 gr/cm³ of particle density, highly varied compressive strength depending on the degree of weathering, 0 - 1.45 MPa of cohesion, friction angle = 24° - 45° of friction angle, and 4% - 42% of porosity. The properties of tuff soil depend on the environment at the deposit location and particle size. Tuff soil (residue) is a product of in situ weathering of pyroclastic materials with high silt content in sandy soils and contains a few silty clay soil. Tuff unit weight varies from <10 to 30 kN/m³, compressive strength ranges from 0 - 0.2 MPa, cohesion from > 0 to 0.1 MPa, and friction angle from 10° - 40°. Based on the plasticity index data, tuff soil is included in the category of silt soil with low plasticity (CL) and silty soil with high plasticity (CH). Mineralogy studies generally show that there are two groups of minerals: major rock-forming minerals such as olivine and pyroxene, and secondary rock-forming minerals such as zeolites (phillipsite and chabazite), smectite and calcite. There are montmorillonite clay minerals in some tuff samples, but the percentage is small, fewer than normal limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to blue light has been reduced drowsiness as well as improved one's alertness and performance on cognitive tasks. In the beginning, the use of blue light in non-tropical countries is to reduce the amount of winter depression or Seasonal Affective Disorder sufferers which could cause workers to be unproductive. Blue light research has also been carried out in tropical countries, where the high intensity of light occurred. This study aims to review research on blue light, and its potential to increase rail safety in one tropical country, Indonesia. The method that is used in this study is a review of article literature on 26 studies that discuss blue light on cognitive performance such as alertness, attention, and working memory. Results show that the blue light with a certain duration of exposure can increase reaction time in attention, subjective alertness, correct answer and reaction time in working memory. The blue light has been applied in different settings such as increasing driver’ performance. Implications of the result are discussed, as well as the potential of blue light in increasing performance of rail safety, in particular in increasing performance of train driver, a job in which the cognitive requirement is quite high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Service quality is one of the essential values in Supply Chain Management (SCM). One of the elements from SCM is retailers. Both in principle and in practice, retailers must receive a good quality service from the producers so that the retailers then would not switch to other producers. The same system also applies to SCM practices in cigarette companies. As the largest tax contributor in Indonesia, cigarette companies certainly have a lot of demand which in one way or another has an impact on the large number of retailers needed with the objective that, for example, the consumers can enjoy the company's cigarette products with utmost satisfaction. A lack of evaluation of service quality in cigarette companies can lead the retailers' complaints. This research methodology is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Objective of this present study is to provide an applicative framework for evaluating and improving service quality with integrate SERVQUAL, Kano and QFD methods. Besides, this integration of methods helped the researchers qualify analyses and also weighed in on the attributes that will be prioritized for improvement. In conclusion, cigarette companies must evaluate and improve service quality to build a good working relationship between the producer and the retailers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is describing how the cyber extension (CE) be used as the information media for farmers and sutainable communication can be happened in the farmers activities. CE is the use of on-line, computer and digital interactive multimedia networks to facilitate the dissemination of agricultural technology information. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data gathered with interviews, observation, and literature review. This study is the continuity of the previous research was conducted quantitatively on 243 farmers in three cities, namely: Lembang, Manado and Bangil. The research result stated that cyber extension is very beneficial for farmers in Indonesia and proved as the sustainable communication to share the information. Through CE, farmers have received information regarding problems in each chain starting from the input stage such as funding and seeding, the production process and output. Through cyber extension there is continuous availability of information for millenial farmers in their daily activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over two decades, there has been an increasing trend of studies regarding firm sustainability. Most studies examine sustainability practices and their impact on a firm's performance. Prior studies also look further into sustainability practices in particular industries since the business nature of different industries leads to different practices. This article aims to find out the effect of financial performance on sustainability in the Indonesian property industry by researching review literature in sustainability studies in property firms. Moreover, this research uses a method through seeking more literature review to prove whether good financial performance affects the sustainability in property companies or not. Not only that, but the researcher also wants to look for another possibility that can happen between the effect of financial performance on sustainability as the new findings or the novelty of this research. The property industry is chosen since its operations have a direct impact on the environment and society, from land usage. The industry is also heavily regulated by the government, which makes the industry heavily governed by an external party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian archipelago has many cultures that stretch from Sabang to Merauke. Indonesian culture has been taught at school since primary school, namely in arts and culture subjects, as an effort to preserve the culture of the Indonesian archipelago. However, due to the globalization, students began to lose interest in ethnical arts and culture subjects. In the last few years, there have been many studies on learning the culture of Indonesia using games as a medium. After conducting a search, we collected 64 literatures. The collected literatures were then selected. This selection process is based on the title, abstraction, and purpose. There are 20 literatures that meet the selection criteria, so they are included in the literature review. The development of educational games as learning media aims to motivate students' interest in learning about arts and culture subjects in school. As an actual learning process is not only carried out at schools between teachers and students but can be anywhere and with anyone, some developers prefer a game genre that can be played anytime and with other person. One of game genre that allows multiplayer is a board game, and it is suitable for children as the target audience. This literature review was made to review the literature on previous research on Indonesian cultural education games to grasp the current trend of research in terms of scope, genre, and platform. The result can also assist us in designing and developing Indonesian cultural education game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]