Search

Infrastructure is an important issue related to human life and development, as it is an essential indicator of the progress of life in countries. It is worth noting that Diyala Governorate suffers from major problems in terms of infrastructure and services. This research aims to study the reality of infrastructure services (the electricity and health sectors) in Diyala Governorate, determine the deficit in them, and know the most influential factors on the demand for electricity and health services. Where data were collected for the population and data of the electricity and health sectors, and the available electrical energy was compared with the energy required according to the standard standards for the need of the population and the individual for the electricity sector, and health services were compared with the services required according to the standards. It was found that there is a large deficit in both sectors, and also a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted Using SPSS version 24 to find out the most influential factors on the demand for electricity in the electricity sector and the demand for the beds in the health sector. It was found through the results of the regression analysis of the electricity sector that the most influential factor on demand is the population in a direct relationship where the more the population increases the demand for electricity. It was also found through the results of the regression analysis of the health sector that the population is also the most independent factor affecting the demand for the beds in a direct relationship, where the greater the population, the greater the demand for the beds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's population and economic growth are driving domestic demand for electrical energy. This research uses PVSYST software to discuss the need for electrical energy on Tidung Island, Seribu Islands. This study used a 250 Wp polycrystalline module with a variable tilt angle of 10° and a Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) 12V/100Ah battery for simulation and economic calculations. This study aimed to determine the quantity of energy PLTS produced daily, the average amount of electrical energy produced by PLTS, and the overall power consumption of Tidung Island. The economic value metrics employed are NPV, Discount Factor (DF), COE, Payback Period, and LCC. An increase in interest rates by Bank Indonesia can reduce the NPV value of investments by lengthening the Payback Period. According to the findings of this study, PLTS generates 31,490 MWh/year of electricity in a year, Tidung Island requires 86,275 kWh of electricity every day, the total initial investment is Rp.1,781,331,000, and the electricity price for off-grid PLTS is Rp.1,471/kWh. According to the simulation results, there is a PLTS energy surplus from August and an electrical energy shortage on the consumer side of the community in January, February, March, and December. However, the electricity produced by PLTS exceeds the community's needs on an annual basis. PLTS generates an additional 87,965 kWh of electricity each year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tidung is a remote area far from urban areas in the South Thousand Islands, DKI Jakarta. The primary source of electrical energy in Tidung Island is the system supplied by PT. PLN through submarine cables, where fossil fuels are still used to generate electricity. This study aims to integrate fossil fuel diesel with PLTD as a hybrid production system to create energy on Tidung Island by supplying PLTD fuel to Tidung Island. Therefore, this study aims to test the technical and economic feasibility of PLTH using the HOMER application. Based on the simulation results, it is known that PLTH (PLTS, PLTD, Grid PLN) is technically possible. PLTH can produce 261.967 kWh of power per year, whereas the electricity demand on Tidung Island is 43,800 kWh/per year. After PLTD was hybridized with PLTS, the percentage of loading on the hybrid system was 75.9% (198,942 kWh/year) from PLTS, O.66% (1,747 kWh/year) from PLTD, and 23.4% (61.279 kWh/year) from Grid PLN. From an economic point of view, the planned NPC of PLTH on Tidung Island is Rp.3,972,953,000 lower than PLTD + Grid PLN before being hybridized to PLTS, which is Rp.11,684,970,000. Meanwhile, the LCOE of PLTH planned for Tidung Island is lower than that of PLTD + Grid PLN on Tidung Island. It costs Rp.1,671.72/kWh for PLTH and Rp.13,193.80/kWh for PLTD + Grid PLN. So, it can be said that the PLTH planned for Tidung Island is more feasible to operate than PLTD + Grid PLN because, from an economic point of view, the costs incurred are cheaper than PLTD + Grid PLN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate cold water produced by chiller that will be distributed to the fan coil unit (FCU). The cold water distribution system from chiller requires good insulation, especially water pipes in and out of FCU to chiller so water temperature remains stable and chiller performance is not too heavy. Increasing temperature of cold water produced by chiller will affect the performance of the air conditioning system (AC) and the use of electrical energy. The object of this study is chiller unit with 18 FCU units located at the Bandung Electronic Center. Detailed measurements have been taken on the AC system. The results of thermodynamic analysis shows that there is a considerable comparison between the ideal heat loss and the actual heat loss, which is 131,972 kW for supply pipelines and 124,498 kW for return pipelines. Heat loss will also result in increased electricity consumption. The measurement and evaluation results showed the insulation of cold water distribution pipe is not effective enough because there are damaged parts of the insulation, the size or thickness of the insulation used does not match the size of the pipe causing unbalanced chilled water flow rate and heat loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lowering Covid-19 cases globally and nationally provides a positive indication of economic growth, especially in Batam City, Indonesia. This condition is also followed by increased electrical energy consumption, particularly in residential houses. This paper presents an electrical energy audit process of a residential house using the IKE (Energy Consumption Intensity) parameter. The audit was conducted in a home with a building area of 226 m2 and an electrical capacity of 4400 VA. The result shows that the total electricity consumption of such a house is 1,266.34 kWh per month, to which the air-conditioning system contributed the most prominent electricity consumption of the whole facilities in the house. Providentially, the score of IKE is less than 8.5, which means such a residential house is categorized as very efficient energy consumption. Furthermore, the self-evaluating checklist technique has carried out to find the main factor that affects the electricity consumption of the air-conditioning system. Regarding the highest rating score on the self-evaluating checklist of air conditioning systems, the ceiling has a score of 77.5%. This result means that the ceiling needs to be evaluated to reduce the heat load of the house, which in turn reduces the electrical energy consumption of the air conditioning system. Finally, this work can use as an initial audit framework for assessing electrical energy consumption in residential houses in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in information technology and computers in the Industrial Era 4.0 have been proven to improve organizational performance and organizational operational efficiency. One of the characteristics of the Industrial revolution 4.0 is the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) to obtain data in real time. The system for calculating electrical energy consumed still uses a token-based analog and digital KWH (Kilo Watt Hour) meter. In prepaid electricity, consumers have to spend money or pay first for the electrical energy that will be consumed. However, many people are still reluctant to use this type of electricity. Because one of the disadvantages of using prepaid electricity services is that the electricity will turn off automatically when the credit runs out, so consumers must often monitor the remaining balance. In postpaid electricity, consumers only need to pay for electricity for the amount used and pay the bill on the date that has been set by PLN. However, this postpaid electricity system has the opportunity to harm PLN because this analog system is easy to modify, so that the KWH meter rotates more slowly, even changing / doubling the existing electricity lines without going through the electricity meter. This study tries to propose a system for calculating electrical energy consumed automatically in a closed network by utilizing IoT technology so that it can be monitored in real time. This system will also be useful in anticipating illegal flow theft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activities today are very dependent on the use of electricity ranging from simple activities to large activities. It has an impact on increasing electricity demand. At PLT EBT Baron Technopark Yogyakarta, electricity needs are generated by themselves. However, PLT EBT itself has a fluctuating level of electricity production depending on the natural phenomena around it. Therefore, it is necessary to plan for the supply of electricity to balance the electrical power generated, prevent blackouts, and better energy sources management to deal with fluctuating electrical energy production. One way to balance electric power with power demand in conditions of fluctuating electricity production is to perform accurate load forecasting in the future. This study uses the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method using data on the electricity load of PLT EBT Baron Technopark Yogyakarta from October to November 2021. In the training process, the best network model was obtained with input_width = 48, Train_size = 0.8, and build model = 64, 32, 32 where the MSE value is 0.001 and MAPE is 8.03%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the results of a study of the possibility of using alternative sources of electricity for a device using a high-voltage electrostatic field when sorting cotton fibers during the primary processing of raw cotton. Also, for this purpose, a solution is proposed for the use of APV film generators as a high-voltage power source. At the output of the device, a high voltage electrical current can be generated as a result of polarized light hitting the film in the generator, which is used as a source of electrical energy based on the film element APV. Solutions are proposed for using this energy to obtain a high-strength electrostatic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design and development of a reliable tracking and recording system to monitor energy that has been consumed by electrical appliances. The electrical energy resources management is a major concern worldwide especially toward the waste of electricity. The current electrical energy monitoring system can only be viewed when attached to the device and it is more difficult to track all devices at one time. The energy production is depending on the energy management activities to minimize the environmental impacts. Therefore, we introduce the Electrical Energy Consumption Monitoring System over IoT, targeted to measure electrical energy for home appliances such as air conditioners, water heaters, fans, lighting and others. The monitoring system consists of an electrical current sensor and a Raspberry pi IV microcontroller as the main core. The system will measure energy based on the rate of current flowing through the cables of electrical equipment and subsequently the energy consumption can be calculated. The measured values can be accessed directly via computer or smartphone. These reading values are stored in a database for future reference and comparison. On the server, Node-Red, influxDB and Grafana were installed. The use of IoT technology allows the rate of electricity consumption to be monitored anywhere quickly and accurately even at a distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report reviews the possibility of estimating the required quantity of electricity to be generated to meet the needs of single-family homes. The results of the implementation of two estimation variants are compared, based on the hourly percentage distribution of the average daily consumption for household loads and specific rates of electricity consumption, deduced to 1 urban inhabitant. The efficiency of the methodologies is evaluated, as well as the possibilities for their use for determining the power of storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of a high growth in the cost of electricity, combined with a high level of its consumption in railway transport, Russian Railways JSC approved an energy strategy until 2020 and for the future until 2030, as well as an energy saving and energy efficiency program for 2016–2018. Therefore, the study is being performed to determine the most vulnerable to high consumption traction power supply units with their subsequent modernization. This article discusses one of the most important and at the same time highly predisposed node with high power losses – the traction network. The reasons for this phenomenon are determined. An analysis of the current methods for eliminating the above causes was carried out in order to determine the level of their effectiveness. A solution is offered to eliminate high losses of electrical energy in the traction network by compensating for electrical energy using an on-board energy storage device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are the results of the electrical energy consumption research in a residential apartment building which is located in the Moscow region. Authors have given the information of the apartment electricity consumption with two people living. Research period is 2018 - 2022. Researchers have considered the main sources of electrical energy consumption in a typical apartment and in common property in this paper. It has been determinated the part of the considered apartment electrical energy consumption in the total consumption of electrical energy in an apartment building by authors of this paper. Researchers presented the information of the electric energy cost changes for the research period in the territory where were built considered building. It has been described the view and technical characteristics of the building by authors in this paper. There is the information of energy consumption in the cold, warm and transitional periods of the year. This work could be useful for companies which are in the field of managing common property, specialists from various areas of the municipal service complex, as well as developers who plan investments to residential construction in the Moscow region and other regions of the Russian Federation with similar climatic characteristics. This article is also could be used for the urban planning policy development in the field of providing electrical energy to settlements with a population less than 100 000 people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While it is evident that photovoltaic installations are becoming more and more widespread globally, demand for them in the Russian market remains low. Considering recent changes in the legal framework, which are beneficial for households with renewable energy, it is crucial to evaluate photovoltaic installation's economic feasibility for the Russian context, which is evaluated in this article. First, the authors created an hourly electricity consumption profile for a typical Russian multifamily house. Then a PV installation was designed and scaled to reach annual net-zero balance and net-zero balance in July for different ways of installing PV modules. After that, a monthly energy balance, considering underproduction and overproduction of electrical energy, was calculated. Finally the costs of PV electricity were calculated including purchased equipment, costs for installation as well as cost for buying electricity not covered by the PV modules and sold electricity during hours of overproduction. The economical evaluation was performed assuming a 30 year lifetime for the PV installation. It is concluded in this paper that PV installations can be profitable in the Russian market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kWh meter is a tool to measure electrical energy as a benchmark for determining the cost consumption of electricity customers. The problem is how to evaluate the consumption if it is measured by an electromechanical compared with a semi and electronic kWh meter. The electrical power measured on the kWh meter determines the energy consumption. In this study, we evaluate electromechanical, semi, and electronic types of kWh meters. The parameters studied are n revolutions, n blinks, time, and the constant kWh meter. The loads are resistive loads (incandescent lamps) and mixed-loads (incandescent lamps and TL lamps). The measurement treatment is ten turns on the electromechanical kWh meter and ten flashes for the semi-electronic and electronic kWh meters. The results of measuring electrical power and calculating electrical energy consumption show that electrical energy consumption of an electromechanical kWh meter for ten turns with resistive load absorbs much energy compared to a semi and electronic kWh meter for ten flashes. Likewise, using a mixed-load, the electric energy consumption of an electromechanical kWh meter still absorbs much electrical energy compared to a semi and electronic kWh meter. For a basic electricity tariff of Rp. 1352, we conclude that the energy cost of a 40-Watt incandescent lamp for semi and electronic kWh meters is Rp. 15.0072, while the energy cost for an electromechanical kWh meter is Rp. 4.21824. Thus, semi and electronic kWh meters are better than electromechanical kWh meters from electrical energy consumption and operational costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operation of a university is strongly influenced by the availability of electrical energy. So that currently, electrical energy is one of the absolute and unavoidable basic needs of universities such as Hasanuddin University (Unhas). This is because at Unhas, there are modern learning and practicum facilities, both for the learning process, academic administration needs, and teaching media that generally use electrical energy-based equipment. Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, Unhas's electricity consumption was relatively high. From 2018 to 2019, the average amount of electrical energy consumption was 14.3 GWh per year. Since entering 2020, the consumption of electrical energy has decreased to an average of 4.3 GWh. The decrease in usage is because at Unhas, there is often a policy of working from home for employees and lecturers, and studying at home for students. The decrease of 4.3 GWh was due to the absence of student activities at Unhas. So that it can be illustrated that the use of electrical energy of 4.3 GWh is an academic administrative activity. This paper aims to deliver an overview of the impact of covid 19 on the decline in electricity consumption at Unhas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity is a major need in the industrial era 4.0, where almost all human activities use electricity such as computers, stamping press machines, and many more. This increase in the amount of electricity usage has not been met by the state. The potential of solar energy in Indonesia is very large, in the range of 4.8KWh/m2 equivalent to 112,000GWp. From this energy, it can be used as a source of electricity generation to meet the huge demand for electricity. Solar panels can be used to convert solar energy into electricity. This research uses the prototyping method in its development. This power plant is monitored using the Arduino uno R3 board which is supported by the nodeMCU ESP8266 module so that it can be viewed in real time on the website using the internet. The website is made with the php programming language and uses the code igniter framework. From this monitoring, it can be seen that electrical energy is generated or used, such as electrical power and voltage. With this monitoring so as to increase and maximize the use of solar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now a day vapor compression cycle is used for all purpose of cooling technology. The major issues in vapor compression are uneven supply of electricity and the use of environment friendly refrigerant. The absorption refrigeration cycle is one of the alternatives to reduce electric energy demand and the sustainable development. To overcome the problem of low coefficient of performance and to get refrigeration temperature below 0°C, hybrid refrigeration cycle is proposed. In absorption refrigeration system the pressure difference between evaporator –absorber, circulation ratio and the generator temperature are more significant. In hybrid refrigeration system the absorber is at higher pressure than the evaporator which helps not only in increasing the pressure difference between evaporator and absorber but also to achieve low refrigeration temperature. The biggest advantage hybrid cycle is that it can run at low generator temperature. The effect of compression ratio on cycle performance was analyzed. There is an optimum value of compressor ratio up to which the rise of compressor work is less as compared to the rise of ultimate COP. for the hybrid cycle temperature of generator, condenser and evaporator is 90°C, 30°C,-10°C respectively and the optimum value of compressor ratio obtained is 2.5 to 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption in buildings contributes to an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The high energy consumption of buildings is caused by electrical energy for artificial ventilation, lighting, and electronic equipment. Residential buildings are the most significant contributor to GHG due to electricity consumption for artificial ventilation. The use of electrical energy for air conditioning in Indonesia is predicted to continue to increase every year. This study aims to analyze the application of passive design in flats in Jakarta to optimize energy consumption. Due to their close location, the Rawa Bebek Flats and Pulo Gebang Flats are the objects of this research, which have similar building typologies and similar climatic conditions. The research was conducted by observing, analyzing secondary data, and calculating the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV). The results of the OTTV calculation show that residential units facing the west side get the highest thermal transfer, which is 37.35 Watt/m2. At the same time, the east side gets the lowest thermal transfer, which is 26.35 Watt/m2. In conclusion, the passive design strategy will impact the energy consumption of the building, so this aspect needs to be considered carefully since the planning stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of technology is currently very rapid along with the increasing variety of household electronic products. Sometimes in a household there are several types of electronic equipment and are used simultaneously without paying attention to the consumption of electrical energy, this can cause frequent power outages due to the MCB trip. To determine the amount of electrical energy consumption, measurements are made; measuring electrical energy consumption of household electronic equipment is a very important process of managing electrical energy so that it can easily perform efficiently. The purpose of this research is to design control and monitoring devices in real-time that can control and monitor the consumption of electric energy based on microcontrollers and smartphones. This prototype will display the real-time value of electrical energy consumption (kWh), active power (Watt), current (A), voltage (V), power factor, and frequency, which can be accessed via the internet network. This prototype consists of four parts, namely sensors, processors, actuators, and networks. PZEM004t is a current and voltage sensor, the processor used is Wemos 01 R1, which processes the sensor value, the relay acts as an actuator that functions to disconnect and connect currents, the network consists of the ESP8266, which has been embedded in the microcontroller for communication to the database server. This application was built using block codes provided by MIT App Inventor and the ANTARES platform made by PT. Telkom Indonesia, as a storage area. The result is a prototype that can control and monitor the consumption of electrical energy in household electronic devices in real-time. The measurement results of the PZEM004t sensor mean the percentage error for the voltage parameter is 1.56% and the current parameter is 4.61% with a digital clamp meter comparison. Successfully calculate the estimated cost of electrical energy consumption for household electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]