Search

Dynamic wearable human neck assistive device is a state-of-the-art technological innovation created to support and aid people with neck problems or impairments. To dynamically adapt to the user's movements and offer real-time feedback and direction, this device makes use of cutting-edge sensors, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. The gadget can assist with activities including head stabilization, posture correction, and assistance with neck movement. By boosting their mobility, comfort, and independence, this cutting-edge technology has the potential to greatly improve the quality of life for those with neck impairments or disabilities. Based on the information about the human anatomical head and neck, a dynamic wearable assistive cervical collar was developed to address this problem. In an experimental investigation, a group of older individuals with mild neck discomfort had their neck surface muscles bent and compressed both with and without the aid of a dynamic wearable supportive cervical collar. It was found that test subjects could imitate 65% of human head and neck motions, such as flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation, with this suggested assistive device while putting the least amount of strain on the neck surface muscle. The findings indicate that utilizing the developed assistive device reduced the strain on the neck surface muscle and that the strain obtained is being reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the exact traveling wave solutions of the space-time fractional Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation by new generalized approach and improved Bernoulli sub-equation method. This equation is modified to include a fractional derivative. Obtained solutions are unique, because of the new conformal fractional derivative definition which is based on a limiting approach. For different types of nonlinear differential equations, the proposed schemes are effective and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earth is often referred to as the "Blue Planet" because of much of its area covered by water (almost 71%). After air, water plays a fundamental role in human life. On Earth water is there on many different places and in many different forms. Compared to the availability of water for human consumption is limited to that of the amount of water exists. The majority of fresh water is actually found underground as soil moisture and in aquafiers. As population is growing at unprecedented rates globally, protecting groundwater is highest priority. Protecting groundwater directly protects surface water, rain water and all forms of water because water continues to cycle and recycle. For this the immediate action we can take right now is to improve water quality monitoring. Water quality describes the chemical, physical and biological characteristics, usually with respect to its suitability for a particular purpose. Water quality is classified into four main types: Potable Water, Palatable Water, Contam-inated Water and Infected Water. Traditional methods of water quality classification are cumbersome process and hence Machine Learning (ML) can be used as a catalyst for this. This study predicts ground water quality using ML techniques. Hence, the study is mainly useful for prediction of drinkable water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a multifaceted activity that provides a wonderful experience to the tourists. Today due to the fastest means of transportation and communication the world has shrunk into a Global village" and the age-old saying of "VasudhaivKutumbakam" (the whole earth is a family) can be easily be related to the current world scenario. Tourism brings economic prosperity and social understanding among nations. Tourism provides a thrust to the economy and provides long-term as well as short-term benefits to society. It generates revenue and employment and the multiplier effect of tourism further boosts the entire economy. Tourism not only generates financial benefits but also upgrades human skills. The infrastructure and the development created for tourism are used by all other sectors of the economy. The tourism industry, therefore, has much potential to offer. The cultural heritage of a place is continuously created and recreated by the people from time to time in response to the changing times. It is the cultural heritage of a person which gives him a sense of identity. People belonging to different castes, creeds, or races follow different traditions or practices. This is their intangible heritage. Anything or practice, we wish to preserve and want to pass it on to our next generation is known as heritage. Every person has a personal heritage which he or she keeps or preserves with pride like family pictures, music records, personal objects, souvenirs, a family house, and family traditions. This is the personal heritage that individuals conserve, recognize or preserve with care. Similarly, in a broader sense, every community possesses a collective heritage which it wants to preserve like buildings, parks traditions, skills, collections of objects, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracking accurate movement of stock market is a difficult job for investors in recent times due to the non- linear behavior and volatility of the stocks, which gets affected because of different reasons. Now, advancement in technology, introduction of artificial intelligence, improved computation power and programming methods have enabled researchers to forecast the market more efficiently. This paper is an attempt to create new variables with the help of artificial neural network (ANN) and random forests (RF) algorithm, to be used to forecast closing price of the next day. For this, open, high, closing and low price are used to create new variables, which can be treated as inputs to the model. The indicators used in this model are RMSE, MBE and MAPE and their low values are indicative of the fact that the proposed machine learning methods are suitable for the prediction of stock prices of the companies under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most of the developed nations, there are markets where shares, securities or commodities are traded on daily basis, which generally reflects the growth of any country and the health of the company stocks which are traded.Stock market investment is considered to be one of the riskiest investments by investors all around the world, but if historical data is studied carefully then the gap between how the market behaves and what investors know, can be minimized.The data of opening and closing price, which is generated, is a times-series in nature. This time-series data of any index or stock attracts researchers to predict the next move or price of the commodity or index.There are lots of methods available to analyze the data like auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), regression based, neural network or moving averages methods.However, ARIMA is a type of model which is generally applied to the time-series data to gain insights into data,to understand what happened in the past and what is the next move to expect. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to use the time-series data of the past 5 years and based on that we can forecast the future direction of the indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of the Indian text is an active area of research today. The presence of many characters in a set of alphabets, their intricate combinations, and intricate grapes are a challenge for the OCR designer. This paper focuses on improving the efficiency of the Tesseract OCR in the Hindi language. This paper introduces Google's Tesseract Optical Character Recognition software. An optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the process of identifying and converting the text into images in pixels in a computer-friendly presentation. The present work aims to improve the accuracy of the Tesseract 4.0 OCR engine. The OCR engine will extract the text from the image. Some information has in the extracted text is calculated to provide the decision to accept. The test results in Hindi, taken from a random sample of books, show the characters and the accuracy of the words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Continuous Casting Process (CCP), the utmost indispensable piece for making steel. The pattern relating to flow close to Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) enormously impact the nature of produced slab. The current examination performed was to pick up information with respect to the meniscus variance under various blockage of port conditions by liquid model tests. The examinations were done to examine the impact of having 0% blockage, blockage by 25 %, half blockage, and blockage by 75 % of SEN port on shape level changes. The outcome illustrates that when fluid rate of flow expands, amplitude near to the surface rises. In these analyses, the normal and most extreme meniscus vacillations remained estimated though changing various factors, for example, flow rate of liquid, submergence depth, and partly clogging of one side of the port of SEN while opposite side has been kept fully open. The perception displays that when size of the port declines, the liquid steel blended from the impeding side to the fully opened portion becomes in dissymmetry. The highest amplitude of the wave and the average value the amplitude of the wave increases with drop in the depth of submergence. It is seen that for most extreme case of the stationary wave, the shape kept ascending on the opened side of the SEN. Obstruction increments as of 25% to 75%, and for 75% clogging of right hand side of the SEN port, shape of the free surface change at the left half of the form is outrageous, while for the right hand side it is moderately calm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, CsPbI3 and CsPbBr0.5I2.5 were synthesized by the cold sintering method. The structural studies were verified using X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement and revealed the orthorhombic phase with Pnma symmetry. Moreover, the crystallite size and the microstrain of the samples reduced with the Br- substitution. Scanning Electron Microscopy showed the regular form of grain size for CsPbI3, but CsPbBr0.5I2.5 shows the dense morphology with voids. The XPS spectra of the materials revealed the constituent’s elemental details. UV-Visible measurements revealed the absorbance spectra of the samples and the bandgap energy from Tauc’s relation is found to be ~ 2.33 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of ZnxNi1-xO with x=0, 0.01 was carried out through facile and economic sol-gel method. Rietveld refined diffraction patterns confirmed the wurtzite structure of prepared ZnO samples. Crystallite size obtained using Scherrer equation was 36±1 and 46±1 nm for pure and doped ZnO. Photoluminescence studies at room temperature showed a broad emission peak in the region 500-800 nm, which further showed onsets of defects/vacancies in ZnxNi1-xO samples. Magnetic measurements at room temperature showed the shift in magnetic behavior from diamagnetism for pure ZnO to weak ferromagnetism in Ni doped ZnO sample. This study established a correlation among the vacancies and magnetic behavior of doped ZnO sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports stress analysis of dynamic Si diaphragm under low pressure (~ 21 kPa). In this paper, finite element method (FEM) has been adopted within the frame work of COMSOL package in order to simulate displacement and stress profiles of silicon diaphragm at various frequencies. The simulated results show that for the 50 μm Si diaphragm, the fundamental frequency ~ 280 kHz is suitable and yields maximum and observable displacement and stresses and hence this frequency can be considered very much suitable for piezoresistive pressure sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the unavailability of a 2-dimesional Position Sensitive Detector (2D PSD) and record scattering in 2d plane, a crisscross geometry of multi 1-dimensional PSDs (multi 1D PSDs) has been envisaged, designed, fabricated and installed at Small Angle Neutron Scattering instrument at Dhruva. The housing-shielding set up for multi 1D PSDs is 2.1 m long with sufficient shielding for neutrons and gamma background radiation and is designed for vacuum enabled neutron flight after scattering from sample. The new geometry of multi 1D PSDs allows the measurements with better statistics and access to smaller Q (large length scale). Overall data quality has been improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The density of state of material is depending on the size of materials. The electronic properties of the material can be tailored by proper selection of synthesis process. Further, microstructure of anode materials for solar cell like ZnO, Al2O3, TiO2 etc., plays crucial role in the effective absorption of sun light. In the present work, TiO2 based powder with anatase phase has been synthesized by hydrothermal method with NaOH in a vacuum oven at 150 °C and annealed at 500 °C for 4 hours. The X-ray diffraction data reveals that synthesized TiO2 powder exhibit tetragonal crystalline structure with space group I41/amd (#141). The transmission electron microscopy shows the formation of TiO2 nano rods with almost uniform thickness in range 7-10 nm. This fact is also confirmed with similar formation of rods in scanning electron microscopy. The better absorption is observed in the sample as revealed by UV-Visible spectroscopy and the band gap is obtained from Tauc's relation is ~ 3.25 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of polymeric electrolyte was investigated over the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell made with Rose Bengal as sensitizer. Further, the selective influence of TiCl4 treatment and pre-sensitizer deoxycholic acid on nc-TiO2 photoanode was determined in terms of improvement in conversion efficiency of the cell. It is found that the effect of TiCl4 treatment was comparatively more than pre-sensitization with de-oxy cholic acid towards improving the efficiency of the cell. The conversion efficiency on TiCl4 treatment was 0.2% whereas on pre-sensitization with deoxy chollic acid it was 0.1%. The combined effect of both TiCl4 treatment & pre-sensitization with deoxycholic acid leads conversion efficiency to 0.33%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper incorporates an improved design of Ultra Wideband Bandpass filter by using split ring resonators (SRR) along with the coupled microstrip lines. The use of split ring resonators and shunt step impedance open circuit stub enhances the stability due to transmission zeroes at the ends. The designing of filter and simulation of parameters is carried out using Ansoft’s HFSS 13.0 software on RT/Duroid 6002 as a substrate with dielectric constant of 2.94. The design utilizes a frequency band from 22GHz to 29GHz. This band is reserved for Automotive Radar system and sensors as per FCC specifications. The proposed design demonstrates insertion loss less than 0.6dB and return loss better than 12dB at mid frequency i.e. 24.4GHz. The reflection coefficient shows high stability of about 12.47dB at mid frequency. The fractional bandwidth of the proposed filter is about 28.7% and size of filter design is small due to thickness of 0.127mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequency selection in objective domain plays a vital role in Band-pass filtering. Certain signals are only allowed in the ambit of Band-pass filter and attenuating frequencies outside the range. Complications arise while providing a wider pass-band spread in the domain. This paper proposes a coupling based approach for obtaining a broad spectrum. The methodology involves use of dual parallel coupled micro-strip lines along with double square complementary split ring resonator. The proposed coupling method is found to produce better results in terms of frequency selectivity, rejection rates, fraction band-width, Q-factor along with low average insertion losses in comparison to other filtering techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin films of thermochromic VO2 were stabilized on Si substrate at different deposition parameters by sputtering method and their structural characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction technique. Sputtering in Ar/O2 gas mixture has resulted in mixed phase growth of VO2. On the other hand, sputtering with Aronly has resulted in single phase growth of VO2thin films. Monoclinic to rutile structural phase transition was studied in the grown VO2 thin film samples by performing the temperature dependent grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical and electrical properties of pristine and Al doped ZnO thin films on quartz substrate deposited using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique were studied. Photoluminescence (PL) study shows that emission peak shifts towards lower wavelength, which confirms that band gap increases using Al doping. 3% and 6% Al doped ZnO films shows n-type behavior with 19.2 cm²/Vs and 9.59 cm²/Vs hall mobility. Carrier concentration and electrical resistivity of 3% and 6% Al doped films were -7.588 x 10+20 cm−3, 0.0004274 Ohm-cm and 28.75 cm−3,0.0005749 Ohmcm respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the fabrication and characterization of eight different polysilicon piezoresistive pressure sensors are reported. The sensors are fabricated simultaneously by putting the different designs on the same mask set and the sensitivity and non-linearity characteristics are plotted. The output responses of the different sensors are reported at three temperatures (-5, 25 and 55 °C). Out of the eight sensors with different diaphragm sizes and piezoresistor configurations, the sensor with diaphragm edge length of 1,280 µm and 2x1 configuration is found to have optimum characteristics, with good non-linearity and acceptable sensitivity. For this sensor, a sensitivity of 3.83-4.26 mV/Bar and non-linearity of <0.38% are obtained in the pressure range of 0-30 Bar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin films of Zn1-xCdxO (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) were deposited on glass substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique. The structural and optical properties of the prepared thin film samples were investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic force Microscopy, UV-visible and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. XRD results confirm that deposited films were oriented along c-axis and contain wurtzite crystalline symmetry. XRD and AFM result reveled that, the grain size decreases with increasing Cd concentration. UV-visible spectroscopy results reveal high transmittance for all the thin film samples. A reduction in the optical band gap energy with increasing Cd composition was observed through the Tauc plot method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have prepared the polycrystalline samples of compositions YMn1+xO3 (x =0, 0.17) and studied their structural properties using x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The sample with composition Y:Mn = 1:1 showed the antiferromagnetic transition in the magnetization verses temperature (M-T) measurements near 70 K similar to standard YMnO3. But the sample with composition Y:Mn = 1:1.17 showed glass like magnetic transition around 42 K in the M-T measurements. Also, a hysteresis in the isothermal magnetization curve at 2K was observed for the Mn rich sample, while the linear trend of magnetization with magnetic field was noted for the sample with equal Y/Mn ratio at 2K. We understood that the Mn excess in Mn rich sample results in the formation of Mn2+ ions and the magnetic exchange among the Mn3+/Mn2+ ions is responsible for the observed magnetic behaviour. The room temperature ferroelectric properties of the studied samples were also investigated by measuring P-E loops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have prepared the polycrystalline samples of compositions YMn1+xO3 (x =0, 0.17) and studied their structural properties using x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The sample with composition Y:Mn = 1:1 showed the antiferromagnetic transition in the magnetization verses temperature (M-T) measurements near 70 K similar to standard YMnO3. But the sample with composition Y:Mn = 1:1.17 showed glass like magnetic transition around 42 K in the M-T measurements. Also, a hysteresis in the isothermal magnetization curve at 2K was observed for the Mn rich sample, while the linear trend of magnetization with magnetic field was noted for the sample with equal Y/Mn ratio at 2K. We understood that the Mn excess in Mn rich sample results in the formation of Mn2+ ions and the magnetic exchange among the Mn3+/Mn2+ ions is responsible for the observed magnetic behaviour. The room temperature ferroelectric properties of the studied samples were also investigated by measuring P-E loops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel technique for gray scale image encryption and decryption scheme using two stage random matrix shift cipher (TSRMSC) associated with discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) is proposed. Earlier proposed schemes for encoding and decoding of images discuss only about the keys, but in our proposed approach, keys and the arrangement of random matrix shift cipher parameters are mandatory. We have formulated a formula for the all possible range to choose keys for encrypting and decrypting an image. An examples of computer simulation are give to analyze the capability of this proposed technique. The encrypted image is robust to decoding even on the application of exact keys if the correct arrangement is unknown to the decoder. We have also given comparison between our proposed approach with P. Kumar et al. (J. Opt. 14 (2012) 045401 (8pp)). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the idea of fractional Fourier transform (FrFT), fractional mother wavelet ψb,a,θ and wave packet transform (WPT) the concept of continuous fractional wave packet transform (CFrWPT) is introduced. Properties of CFrWPT are investigated and a reconstruction formula is obtained for CFrWPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) also known as Gratzel cells, have attracted the interests of researchers to a great extent because of its cost effective and easy manufacturing process without involving highly sophisticated lithographic technique and high cost raw materials as usually seen in conventional solar cell. Based on simple photo-electrochemical process, it has got immense potential in converting solar energy to electrical power in remote and desert area where the supply of conventional power is not possible. The overall peak power-production efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells has been reported around 11 percent, so they are best suited to low-density applications and the price-to-performance ratio obtained through these solar cells is superior to others. DSSCs have ability to absorb even diffused sunlight and therefore work in cloudy whether as well without much impact over the efficiency. The present communication deals with a review of our work on DSSCs wherein we have used cost effective natural dyes/pigments as a sensitizer of nc-TiO2 and discussed about various key factors affecting the conversion efficiency of DSSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of Organic thin film based solid-state dosimeters is relatively new and more effective. The organic conductor based solid-state dosimeter provides a mean for low cost, ease to fabricate and sensitive radiation sensor which can be employed as pocket dosimeter for army personals getting exposed to nuclear radiation while working in the radioactive environment This concept is being utilized here for monitoring the effect of nuclear radiation on our organic material based sandwiched devices. In the present communication, lead Phthalocyanine (PbPc) doped with TiO2 (5% by weight) is developed into the form of thin film structure. The developed ITO/PbPc: TiO2/Ag Schottky device structure was characterized in terms of change in its electrical and optical properties before and after exposure to radiation Exposure to radiation imparts an accelerated decrease in forward bias current and capacitance characteristics reveal a linear relationship between dose v/s current behavior which supports its suitability as pocket dosimeter for the dose ranging from 50 mR to 800 mR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycrystalline samples of La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-XAlXO3 (X=0, 0.05, 0.15) are prepared using solid state reaction route. Photoemission spectroscopy measurements were performed on these samples to investigate their electronic properties. Al shows 3+ oxidation state in both Al doped samples while no effect of Al doping is found on the core level spectrum of La 4d and Ca 2p orbitals and they were found in 3+ and 2+ oxidation state respectively in all the samples . Mn 2p core level photoemission measurements indicates that for 5% Al doped sample (lower doping) Al ions replaces the Mn3+ ions while they substitute Mn4+ in 15 % Al doped sample ((higher doping). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epitaxial thin films of rare earth manganites have generated much attention recently due to their rich phase diagram. The electronic structure of these films is playing a very crucial role and demands a fundamental understanding prior to device fabrication. We have investigated the electronic structure of La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-XAlXO3 (X=0, 0.15) epitaxial thin films by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy technique using the surface sensitive total electron yield (TEY) mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The samples of La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-XAlXO3 (X=0,0.05,0.15) are synthesized at two different sintering temperature 1200°C and 1400°C. The phase purity of the samples is analyzed using x-ray diffraction measurements. The microstructural evolution for different sintering temperatures is carefully tracked using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Increase in grain size with increasing sintering temperature is well identified in SEM images. Variation in the magnetic nature of the samples sintered at different temperature is seen in temperature dependent magnetization M(T) measurements. M(T) results reveal that Al doped samples show strong dependence of their magnetic behavior on sintering temperature as compared to undoped La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The samples of La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-XAlXO3 (X=0,0.05,0.15) are synthesized at two different sintering temperature 1200°C and 1400°C. The phase purity of the samples is analyzed using x-ray diffraction measurements. The microstructural evolution for different sintering temperatures is carefully tracked using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Increase in grain size with increasing sintering temperature is well identified in SEM images. Variation in the magnetic nature of the samples sintered at different temperature is seen in temperature dependent magnetization M(T) measurements. M(T) results reveal that Al doped samples show strong dependence of their magnetic behavior on sintering temperature as compared to undoped La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various phases of yttrium manganese oxide (YMO) thin films have been synthesized on different substrates from a single target of h-YMnO3. It is observed that the phase stability and crystallinity of YMO thin films depend on the substrate used and oxygen partial pressure (OPP). (110) oriented and polycrystalline growth of h-YMnO3 are observed on the Al2O3 (0001) and NGO (110) substrates respectively, when grown in OPP ≈ 10-6 Torr. While for similar OPP value, growth of mixed phases (h-YMnO3 and o-YMn2O5) is observed on Si (001) substrate. Oriented growth of O-YMn2O5 phase film on Si (001) substrate is observed first time, when deposited at OPP value of 225 and 350 mTorr. +3 and mixed oxidation states (+3 and +4) of Mn were confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in pure YMnO3 phase and YMn2O5 phase respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]