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As the world is evolving and technically advancing, people need a lot of gadgets to be interconnected for the smooth functioning of the system and every gadget requires a certain amount of energy. Now with so many gadgets being used energy consumption has become a major threat to the world. Some devices take a lot of time to charge, and sometimes users even forget to turn off the charging port which leads to more energy loss and thus more carbon emissions. The proposed solution is to build a device that not only charges the devices but also stores the energy. The port auto-cuts the charging when a device is fully charged and stores the extra energy. In this paper, we have gone through different papers and have analyzed the algorithm they are using and their disadvantages. This survey contains a wide range of algorithms used for energy saving by researchers so as to learn more about green IoT and energy saving. Researchers can use this survey's insightful results as a guide to developing novel systems for energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the modern technologies currently used. The IoT system consists of interconnected devices such as technological devices, sensors, and actuators that can collect data to transfer it without human intervention. Internet data could be reached either through a private web page via a smartphone or a personal computer. IoT has increased uses at the present time, which is used in industrial, health, agricultural sectors, etc. To do that, the cities will be Smart to enhance the daily activities of users by reducing the time consumed to access the required information. This paper provides a prototype for the application of a Smart campus that depends on the IoT. This paper also includes choosing the building of science departments in the College of Engineering Technology Najaf as an example of a Smart campus. The Packet Tracer v8.2 from Cisco involved many devices and components used to simulate the network in reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing number of cars introduced a new problem of parking in malls, offices, etc. This problem is getting worse day by day and results in wastage of time of people and extra emission of carbon dioxide in searching for car parking in the parking area. To tackle this problem this paper will be proposing a model which uses new generation technologies like the Internet of Things, Cloud computing. In this paper we have proposed the whole model in three parts which are physical set up, cloud set up and customer set up. We have proposed a smart parking solution using optical through-beam sensors, which sense the light and based on that decide whether the parking is available or not. Due to cloud technology, we are benefiting from the cost by a great factor as we don't need physical centers for each parking arena separately. Thus, in the coming years, this model can be scaled to each parking arena in the world with the usage of cloud computing as the world is facing the same issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offered a framework on the Internet of Things (IoT) to observe and control the largest number of distribution electric transformers in Mosul city. This method has the advantage of providing continuous monitoring of electrical distribution transformers as load current, voltage, winding temperatures, oil level, and oil temperatures to provide timely alerts to correct if there is a malfunction to convert conventional monitoring to smart monitoring. As a result, the life of distribution transformers is extended, lowering the cost of maintenance. This paper suggests a design that utilized LoRa-WAN based on the IoT by using LoRa modules to send this data across a LoRa gateway that communicate to server via Cloud platform on the internet. If any of the distribution transformer's end devices (EDs) parameters exceeds the predetermined value, the EDs will send alerts to LoRa-Wan. After loRa will receive these alerts, the network then will implement the necessary action. This paper provides an implementation of simulation software (omnet++) program to assess the LoRa performance as implemented through the framework of FLoRa to simulate transformers for electrical distribution. The results of the study demonstrated the ability of modeling and simulating different environments by assigning suitable parameters value of LoRa for the carrier frequency, coding rate, spreading factor, bandwidth, and power transmit. Network performance has been improved through minimize the energy consumption for EDs and increase of the packets delivery ratio by reducing the size of the network's area, incrementing the number of LoRa gateways, and reducing the distance between the EDs and the gateway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a keen way to manage and distribute water from a water tank or reservoir to consumers with minimal wastage. The aim of this paper is to discuss about the implementation of an IoT (Internet of Things) based water distribution system that will diminish the water wastage by consumers. The setup can be extended from a small society to the entire urban infrastructure. The proposed system consists of a waterflow sensor, actuator, microcontroller (ESP8266), and a web-application which can remotely control, cut, monitor, and analyze the water usage. Administrators will have access to restrict the water flow and upon consumers' requests ancillary water can be supplied. Also, this system is equipped with machine learning techniques for predicting the usage and learns the flow patterns of water among different user spaces, which will be useful to estimate the water requirements. Also, classify consumers based on their usage. The application is equipped with a reward system where consumers are rewarded with ancillary water when their consumption is minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Multi-limit patient screen gets the physiological basic signs ceaselessly screens the patient by utilizing RFID tag of the individual. This frameworks and Internet of Things (IOT) in clinical thought. In this paper, we have arranged an IOT based framework where four cutoffs to be unequivocal heartbeat, temperature, wetness, and ECG are seen utilizing relating sensors. The undertaking seeing flourishing by utilizing RFID names for the specific individual information can be store on IOT. Standard clinical security information is at true danger of divulgence, and many related cases have happened all through the critical length. Individual clinical security information can be reasonably leaked to insurance working conditions, which bargain the privacy of people, yet similarly thwarts the sound improvement of the medical industry. In This paper to address clinical affirmation we utilized the RFID progress, proprietor necessities to login to the arrangement and proprietor will bring with or without set data from things talk where suitably all data moved by the stuff and make one record and store it into cloud. Since information proprietor can share to another client. Client needs to pick and login to the arrangement then they can download data which straightforwardly sent by proprietor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is the backbone of success of rural countries like India. In this way, the proposed procedure is to utilize mechanization and web of thing (IoT) innovation to form agribusiness smart. There are currently several commercial IoT frameworks for water system planning that create differentiators for water monitoring and storage. However, this framework focuses on exploiting newly available water resources without controlling the selected water resources. Think about it, an inexpensive Arduino-based IoT framework was developed to design a computerized water system, and it will provide estimation of water requirements by using low-cost available sensors. This paper is around IOT based keen cultivating and water structure framework. The extreme motivation of this paper is to computerize the method of watering to plants. This work makes a difference us to notice the values of different parameters like moisture, temperature, humidity of plants and water them appropriately. This can be done utilizing Arduino board, voltage controller and transfer which commands the engine. In this paper, we have created an brilliantly water system framework that will control the water apportioning to the trim intelligently without any administrator and endeavors low-cost Arduino-based water system gadgets, sensors, particularly advanced procedures actualized in water system frameworks and farming, such as shrewdly water system frameworks. The main vision of this research is to detect minimum amount of water needed to nourish plants. Mass of the ranchers waste time instead of focusing on providing water to the crops at the time of need. The proposed framework find out the desired quantity of water on the basis of information received through the sensors - The main advantage of the system is the use of precision agribusiness and cloud platforms, which can expand the water use compost, which also helps in decision making. to increase crop yields. the weather conditions of the field. This article moreover points to create the water system framework for domestic gardening and this framework can be kept up without any human checking. It consequently checks the dampness of the soil beneath the tree and plants within the domestic cultivate and in case the dampness is moo it demonstrates the message and pours water naturally to the plants from the water capacity to which it is associated. The exact utilization of water system strategy is needed as there may be a requirement of precipitation or there may be dried regions. For this cause, a mechanized water system framework is utilized in which it is appropriate in all weather conditions. The soil dampness detector will sense the water substance and demonstrate either to pump the water or not. This will offer assistance to diminish the wastage of water additionally makes a difference to grow the plants indeed in the event that the human isn't physically present. The developed IoT framework has been tested in several field tests to calculate sensor accuracy, independent monitoring and operation, and usability monitoring, and to evaluate its capabilities and functionality. This framework appears to have been used effectively for the management and control of various water resources: water, groundwater, seawater and wastewater. By extension, it has been shown that the frame can be used for long periods without a source of control, which will make it a ideal device for using in annual crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vending machines are essential since many people depend on them to obtain products quickly. This paper aims to develop an innovative smart vending machine that uses Internet of Things(IoT) to dispense products in a cashless, more secure way and in less time compared to Radio frequency identification(RFID) based vending machines. Materials and Methods: This paper presents an innovative smart vending machine design and implementation with IoT and the NodeMCU module. The design allows accessing the required products via the mobile application. A total of 200 samples are used to verify the performance of the IoT based vending machine. In the vending machine, the products are assembled as per the size and shape for proper dispensing of items. Results: The IoT-based vending machine has an average mean time of 17.5 seconds for dispensing a product and has an accuracy of 90%, whereas RFID-based vending machine has an average mean time of 22.2 seconds for dispensing a product and has an accuracy of 75%. Conclusion: In this paper,it is found that the IoT-based smart vending machine outperforms the RFID-based vending machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The delay in the doctor's arrival to the patient and the difficulty of diagnosis the patient's condition consistently is one of the health issues that this field suffers from it. Internet of things (IoT) based on health monitoring systems are very valuable for patients where the doctor can know the patient's condition from anywhere in the world. This research presents a real-time Smart Healthcare Monitoring System Based on an IoT Environment. This system will be able to measure values of body temperature, heart pulse rate, and oxygen saturation in patients using a small device that contains a set of sensors such as a body temperature sensor, heart rate sensor, and oxygen sensor, as well as a processor that collects data and transmits it via internet, so a specialist can view the results any time and from any location by utilizing a mobile application. this paper aims to present an architecture design in order to develop of health monitoring system and to describe the main required components proficient for producing efficient and accurate health monitoring. In this work, the high price and size of the device were taken into account, and the problem was addressed by reducing the size of the components and connecting them with a small "Arduino mini", which in turn is low in cost. This system is efficient because of its low power consumption, ease of setup, great performance, and quick response time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timely identification of diseases in crops and taking immediate actions to prevent them from being completely destroyed is a key part of agricultural production. Environmental challenges like unfavorable weather conditions and climate changes directly affect the plant growth and it causes viral infections that can lead to the eradication of the crops. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi can also cause various diseases in plants. In order to provide the accurate and better solution for a plant problem, the farmers first need to identify the exact kind of illness that the plant is having. The existing method of manual diagnosis of plant diseases by a field expert is time consuming as well as costly. Farmers cannot afford the cost of frequent visits to remote laboratories for diagnosis. The use of advanced and effective deep learning models can solve this problem and predict plant diseases at an early stage. IoT has become very popular in the agricultural industry as it provides state of the art solutions to plant problems. This paper aims to study the recent related works on this area and to analyze the advanced methods and models used in the implementation and to allow future research to learn larger capabilities of IoT and Deep Learning in proactively detecting the plant diseases with improved system performance and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of the water needs to be continuously evaluated to maintain a safe supply of drinking water. For this goal, a novel strategy based on water quality monitoring system using IoT has been put forth. In this paper, we propose the design of a real-time water quality monitoring system based on the Internet of Things. In this developed system consists of sensors that track many aspects of water quality, including pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. The microcontroller processes the sensor-measured quantities and sends the transformed values to the cloud. Finally, using cloud computing, sensors data can be viewed on an internet browser application. These sensors are installed on an autonomous watercraft. The boat is equipped with an ultrasonic sensor that detects any movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's technological era, every home, industry, and commercial place has numerous electrical appliances to perform all tasks quickly and with ease. It also mandates every home to have a three-phase electrical supply and leads to a growing increase in energy demand. The traditional and new equipment have been modernized by making them very smart and energy efficient to manage the continuously growing energy demand. In the previous decades, power saving was done during the monitoring of the load alone, which was not very effective. The main objective of this paper is to continuously monitor the power consumption of the load and also to save energy in an efficient way using the Internet of Things (IOT). In a three-phase supply, whenever there is a phase shift, phase angle changes and so it has to be corrected. This system helps to correct the phaseangle automatically during the reverse condition. The IoT devices will be used to share voltage and current values on the website. Power management is also carried out to ensure proper power consumption. The monitoring relay is the main component of the system, and it checks the phase sequence, overvoltage, and undervoltage. A multifunction monitoring relay based on a microcontroller integrates the voltage and current values to calculate the supply's phase angle. The Proteus software was used for the website updates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing number of security breaches, the necessity for better security procedures and protocols has grown as well. According to a reports, lakhs of robberies are occurring in the United States of America each year. Though India is a developing country, these types of robberies are considerably more common. The primary purpose of this work is to develop a security solution that can help combat this. This paper primarily aims to design a software that is built from the ground up for detection of face, leading to facial recognition and finally, providing information to the user or the owner of the software if any unfamiliar face is there which is not a part of the database. The aim is to notify the owner about any unfamiliar person that is present and unrecognized by the camera. In case if the face is not recognized, alerts will be sent via SMS and Email. Some software has limited forward compatibility and can be difficult to run on weak hardware, thus it is necessary to have a software which is more powerful and easily run on the weak hardware. The proposed work has a great scope in the future applications ranging from simple automatic locking systems in households to an attendance system in corporate offices and even for an antiterrorism system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of things is a little world of connected things with the integration of smart devices like sensors, actuators, gateways, gadgets etc. Smart cities, Smart home, Agriculture, Disaster management, Smart Grid, Healthcare system are some of the major applications of the Internet of Things. Machine Learning is another paradigm of the technology revolution and used as a predictive analytics technique. It is employed in about all the areas for the analysis of data. In this paper we proposed a system for the diagnosis and prediction of diseases by unification of Internet of Things and Machine Learning. Data generated by medical sensors, gadgets is fed to semantic engine to make it semantic interoperable and Machine Learning is further employed for predictive analytics. Semantic engine used Resource Description Framework (RDF) to convert data into a common format and data is retrieved using SPARQL queries and GraphDB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a security and privacy detection (SPD) project for shielding the IOT transmission network structure with an aspect of lowering the latency concerns that come from the cryptographic estimation cost. The recommended SPD project is structured relative to the homomorphic cryptographic structure that allows the edge interchange to classify the similar query texts for verifying and decrypting them in a single level. Security discussion represents the capacity of the recommended SPD project in shielding the IoT transmission structure from different of security attacks. The evaluation analysis has been done on the proposed SPD scheme to show the efficiency of the SPD project in lowering the latency concerns being developed by high cryptographic estimation cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now a day's Internet of Thing's (IoT's) is considered growing technology. Ever increasing demand of IoT devices must have reliable channels for communication therefore, security needs to be ensured. Wireless enabled IoT use to have many real-time applications which include smart education, intelligent transportation, smart home, smart grid, health care and farming etc. Data collection can be made possible with the help of massive IoT devices. Intruder directly sends illegal data packets which lead to hijack overall network. IoT-networks have improved human experience in many real-time applications. Cyber-security threats usually limit computational resources. Therefore, detection of cyber-threats is the main problem for IoT-networks. This paper presents a novel concept of leNet model-based IDS to detect cyber- attacks. Although, two benchmark datasets such as IoTID20 and CICIDS2017 are utilized for simulation. LeNet model is compared with other traditional techniques like linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, support vector machine and multi-layer perceptron. Accordingly, metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, confusion matrix and correlation matrix are used for performance evaluation. Extensive analysis is performed which indicates that with IoTIDS20 dataset, LeNet achieves recall-99.91%, precision-99.74%, F1-score-99.83% and accuracy-99.68%. While, using CICIDS2017 dataset, LeNet presents optimal results in terms of recall-97.96%, precision-96.41%, F1-score- 97.18% and accuracy-98.87%. Proposed LeNet model is light weighted and adaptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the IoT (Internet of Things) plays a crucial role in many requirements of daily life, where healthcare, safety, security, and energy management are considered some of the most significant applications that rely on IoT in their operation. One of these requirements is to perform a smart home that can be controlled by a smartphone, to operate and switch off the electrical or electronic devices and sensors. This can be executed depending on the IoT capabilities to simulate and operate a smart home. This paper focused on practical home automation that involves several devices like a webcam, humidifier, ceiling fan, air conditioner, etc. By using some sensors and devices, the designed smart home is controlled and monitored. The findings revealed that smart devices and sensors can be easily added to the home gateway; additionally, this system will make real-life easier and more comfortable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in world population witnesses the birth of strange diseases/viruses such as covid 19 that challenge the present healthcare system, but it also leads to the development of new technologies that help us fight those diseases/ viruses. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is playing a crucial aspect in providing quality health treatment and reducing cost and error for both patients as well as frontline health workers. The goal of IoMT is to develop the advancement of intelligent and effective IoT devices in the health industry that can save countless lives by using advanced sensors and communications devices that help in the early prediction of critical diseases. This paper presents a succinct review of emerging technologies in healthcare, the role of IoMT devices, their applications, and the challenges that arise while implementing them. A discussion has been made on various security threats that come with the development of such devices, and their aftereffects on individuals and on health workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, solar power represents one of the most stable and important renewable energy resources in our life, its importance increases every second because the planet will be run out of fossil fuel in the near future, but sometime uncertain fluctuations appear duo to rain, dust, clouds, and heat which prompts the issue of power supply interference. So that, in the traditional way, the solar panels have to be check from time to another to figure out if they still work correctly, and that could make either the maintenance cost will be high, or there will be loss in the performance, that could be obvious in a solar system of large number of panels. As a result a better way to check the solar cells is needed to make the performance better, especially in case of a large number of solar panels. In this paper, a study will be made about solar system consists of an array of solar panels and photovoltaic parameter in each of them. The main purpose is building a system which works on fault detection. This study depends on Smart Monitoring Device (SMD) sensors, which connected to each PV panel. These sensors collect the measurements periodically, and send them to an IoT central server, in order to detect the faults to correct them as soon as possible and improve the efficiency of solar panels. The results showed that the AC voltage from the applying the system of Solar Voltage 1when the fault occurs as the maximum is 30.62 V and average is 17.9 V while the Solar Voltage 2 as max is 31.05 V, and average is 18.15 V. The AC power consumed per unit time (0.1 seconds is 20.573 W to 0.8 seconds is 20.592 W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the development of IoT Technology rapidly rising and provides great opportunities to develop new innovations. Moreover, the users often used new technologies to keep track of and control the appliance's energy present in their homes remotely. To hopefully maintain these characteristics within an acceptable range, a system can be set up to control and monitor them which enables residents in the smart home access to specific data. This paper describes a complete architecture of the Internet of things load sensing and energy monitoring for smart homes, with the goal of increasing the system's flexibility, usability, and reliability. BLYNK app is a platform with IOS and Android application to control the appliances and the Thingspeak platform to monitor the energy consumption are used in the proposed system which makes the interface between hardware and software. To demonstrate the proposed system, loads like lights, power plugs and Fans are used. The NodeMCU-ESP8266 microcontroller board detects various loads in the home, allowing for real-time data sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weather and air quality monitoring system provides valuable information to support many activities. This paper presents the development and implementation of the weather and air quality monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) platforms. The developed system adopts the low-cost weather and gas sensor and the small, powerful Arduino Nano 33 IoT microcontroller. Furthermore, the solar panel and battery system are used as the energy resources for the developed monitoring system. Two popular IoT platforms, namely the ThingSpeak and Blynk, are employed as the IoT cloud servers, where the ThingSpeak is mainly used for saving, displaying, and analyzing historical data, while the Blynk is primarily used for online monitoring based on the mobile application. The experimental results show that the electronics and sensors modules consume the power of 1.3 Watt, and the IoT module requires a data transmission size of 429 KB per transmission. The preliminary evaluation shows that by operating the system at a time interval of 180 minutes, it achieves a ratio of charging time to discharging time of 0.33, which offers a promising result for a self-powered and green energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a syllabus for training students from schools or universities, as well as specialists with different educational backgrounds on the Internet of Things (IoT) discipline. The topics of lectures and lab (practical) exercises are presented. Step by step the main points of the themes are synthesized. IoT computer systems development is described, too. The algorithms of corresponding programs are suggested. In these lectures and laboratory exercises, the experience of the authors is used, as well as similar syllabuses from several universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing a number of industries by opening up new opportunities for applications and services. The mesh network topology used by Z-Wave, a technology specifically created for smart homes and IoT devices, allows for increased range and reliability. Yet, due to the expense and potential for physical equipment damage, understanding and experimenting with Z-Wave technology can be difficult. An educational Z-Wave simulation tool is presented as a solution to this problem. With the help of this tool, students can experiment safely and affordably with Z-Wave technology, learning at their own pace and exploring a variety of scenarios and configurations that may not be achievable with actual devices. This paper presents a simulation tool designed for educational purposes, which enables the creation of Z-Wave networks and facilitates the identification of the most efficient route between end devices. The tool serves as a valuable resource for studying and exploring Z-Wave technology in an education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents IoT sensing node for Fe2O3 optical detection in liquid oil suspensions. The IoT node is based on LoRaWAN data transmission standard. The sensing node uses an optical detector for absorption index estimation in the liquid oil suspension depending on Fe2O3 content variation. The studies performed were in the wavelength range from 600 to 900 nm, where the most significant changes in the absorption spectrograms were observed. The obtained results can be used to detect contaminants in the composition of liquid insulation materials in small quantities. These contaminations are early indicators for possible malfunctioning and major failure in future. The applied photo-optical method is available for direct measurement of the optical properties of liquid insulating materials, also for continuous monitoring and online diagnostics of equipment without interrupting their normal operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a cutting-edge technology that enables virtual and physical objects to connect and communicate, resulting in new digitized services that enhance our quality of life. Despite its many advantages, the current centralized architecture of IoT poses various challenges such as single point of failure, security concerns, privacy issues, lack of transparency, and data integrity problems. These obstacles hinder the future progress of IoT applications. Moving the IoT to one of the decentralized technologies is the right solution to these issues. Blockchain is considered as the most common and popular decentralized technology. It is a new technology that operates with a decentralized, distributed, public, and real-time ledger to store transactions between IoT nodes. The main focus of this paper is on utilizing Blockchain technology for the IoT, specifically showcasing how different features of Blockchain can be utilized as a service in various IoT applications. The increasing penetration of Blockchain and IoT in various companies and industries primarily enables secure storage of large amounts of sensitive data, which can grow at a tremendous pace for the global IoT Blockchain market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper "IOT WEATHER DATA ACQUISITION AND AUTOMATION SYSTEM" deals with presenting a smart device in terms of real-time accumulation of data and automation. The core intention is to make life easier and hassle-free. From agriculture drones to the defense, real-time data is feeding in every sector of industry to make everything automated, more susceptible, and sustainable. Data can be further studied to bring out meaningful insights from them. Right on the track, the prototype is capable of visualization of data through the internet on many platforms in the form of GUI (Graphical User Interface). This prototype uses some sensors like DHT11, MQ135, BMP280, Soil moisture, and Flame sensor. 38% Humidity, 32.3 Temperature reading provide by the DHT11 during the test. BMP280 sensor shows their readings in graphical format. 9% moisture present in the soil, noted during the test through the soil moisture sensor. 8% of Hard Particles are present in the atmosphere and the Lux value was 89.167 noted during the test with the help of MQ135 and Light Intensity sensor. A flame sensor also used in the prototype gives the warning. When it senses the flame, and it increases the safety. All data are represented through interactive graphs and plots that are easy to interpret. In addition, this data is stored in the cloud platform. Which are further fetched into platforms like MATLAB, Simulink, and excel sheets for further analysis. Simply connecting to the internet, can get their data from anywhere in the world through the API ports and are supported in many channels like Thing Speak and Arduino IoT cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a hetero-junction tunnel-field-effect-transistor (TFET) using pocket engineering is proposed. The TCAD analysis of nTFET was carried out varying the different design parameters to get an optimized values. Furthermore, the transfer characteristics and output characteristics of optimised nTFET and pTFET has been obtained at different drain and gate voltages. Similarly, the different other characteristics of the device like electric field intensity, energy band diagram, and surface potential along the length of the device were simulated in TCAD tool. From the simulation results, it has been found that the ON-state current increases as the applied gate voltage is increased. For every simulation study, a proper comparative analysis of both devices has been performed. The improved performance of both nTFET and pTFET can results in good performance inverter circuit. The optimization of device using simulation tool is highly recommended to check the device characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural mishaps such as earthquakes, debris, floods, tsunami, avalanche and man-made mishaps such as explosive blasts, building breakdowns happen over and over again. These calamities abruptly occur and have very little means to prevent and have no pattern of occurrence to predict. Though we cannot prevent it, the idea of intelligent rescue processes in these tough times would help saving life and material. Many a time, human bodies are buried in the middle of the debris and it turns out to be difficult to identify them. Manual rescue detection with the police force, firefighters and associated medical amenities is laborious and takes lots of time. Putting their life at stake, these human rescuers should make judgments in haste under stress and put efforts to identify and rescue the victims. They need to figure out the place, position of preys and the firmness of the constructions at the earliest, subsequently that medics and firefighters reach the calamity location and protect the victims. Our paper proposes an intelligent mobile robot that can travel in an area susceptible to calamity to detect alive people and perform rescue operations using a Passive Infra-Red (PIR) sensor. Radio Frequency Identification Tag Reader is used to read the RFID number, LM35 temperature sensor to sense the surrounding temperature and GSM technology is used to connect the android. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Falls are the most dangerous form of an injury sometimes even leading to the death of an individual. Due to some negligence it is found that deaths caused are increasing rapidly, a survey was also made by WHO. It is globally considered as a major health public problem. The injury caused by disease for all people depends on the individual age and health factor. As the recent studies report usually highest death rate is caused over the age of 60. Therefore, this paper proposes an IOT based fall discovery system that will help prevent the risk leading to injury or death of an individual. The system monitors the person's movements with the help of an accelerometer sensor and detects a fall. An alarm is activated and a message is sent to the caretaker and a nearest hospital along with the location. The project also consists of an android application which includes a voice output and the location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, health issues such as cardiac failure, lung failures, and heart-related disorders have been on the rise at an alarming pace. To resolve these issues, continuous health monitoring is needed. Diseases may be detected and treated early with routine health screening. Wirelessly tracking a patient's wellbeing is a new technology that is gaining traction. The implementation of the body temperature sensor, ECG sensor, oxygen sensor, and pulse sensor for an IoT-based health monitoring device is described in this paper. The sensor's data was relayed to the Arduino, which is hence used to send data to the cloud through a WIFI system. The data was further analyzed using an algorithm, and classification was completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are numerous issues with existing domestic energy metre reading systems, including challenges in constructions, too narrow bandwidths, too low rates, poor real-time, and slow two-way communications, among others. This paper used wireless technology for an Automatic Meter Reading device to solve the problems described above. The proposed approach uses IoT to communicate between the Electricity Board portion and the user section, allowing the customer's electricity usage and bill information to be transmitted. The customer receives information about the bill amounts and payments through the Internet of Things [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the latest years IoT has been gaining lot of interest due to the fact of its functionality to limit the difficulties in the healthcare system. The fitness care device has been in lot of stress due to the growing range of persistent ailments and the growing population. There are lot of problems in this region which in to be studied with excessive priority, however all these find out about has been restricted with the aid of the now not preserving requirements in the fitness care. The foremost goal of this paper is to Identifying the hazard stage of historic age humans who struggling with coronary heart troubles and sitting in domestic when no one current to take care. During that time if something occurs no person will be handy to take care of him/her. So at that time our mannequin helps in direct monitoring of fitness affected person small print like humans pulse rate, temperature charge and so on. If chance determined hospitals or administration will get to comprehend and take precautions to keep away from the loss of life cases. Additionally a computing device studying method will be embraced to gauge the hazard stage of victim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of things is well-developing technology in the modern era. These technologies were used in various fields by passing the information or commands to electronic devices. In early stage, there is a communication between machine to machine, machine to environment and machine to infrastructure but IoT fills the gap between human intelligence and artificial intelligence. As a result, large number of database has been generated for processing and the processed information takes necessary action. Though it provides so many opportunities but the problem is it creates so many risks while transmitting information. Therefore it should be concern that how to keep these devices safe and secure. Hence the study is mainly focused how the machine learning techniques resolve the problems created due to the securing IoT surrounding. This proposed paper deliberate about the variables, features and existing technique and identified which method would be more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrigation system is widely used in agriculture sector and has significant impacts to the growth of the plantation or crops. Traditional method of irrigation system always counter problems such as time consuming, human labour cost, inefficient of water usage and monitoring challenging throughout the process. Thus to address the issues, this paper proposed the development of smart irrigation system that embedded various types of sensor and Internet of Things (IoT) platform used for monitoring plant growth. In this work, there are three module have been developed which are hardware, software and integration module of the proposed system. In hardware module, Raspberry Pi is used to calculate and process the data based on the sensors parameters. Different types of sensors have been employed such as soil moisture, humidity, temperature, ultrasonic and vision sensors. In this framework, the reading of soil moisture sensor was obtained from the base station. The Raspberry Pi will receive the information and starts to pump the water from the tank until the condition of soil moisture content is normal (i.e. reach the threshold value). In addition, the DHT22 sensor will act as the monitoring system in terms of temperature and humidity data. While, the ultrasonic sensor will send the information to the microprocessor and calculate the water level. Furthermore, the webcam vision is used for monitoring the plant growth during the day and night. While, the dripping process runs in real-time application to the plant. The microcontroller ESP8266 used to control the state of ON or OFF light bulb depending on the value of LDR sensor. Based on the results and monitoring process, the proposed smart irrigation system able to works in promising environment with real time data in which it has been monitored through the IoT platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design and development of a reliable tracking and recording system to monitor energy that has been consumed by electrical appliances. The electrical energy resources management is a major concern worldwide especially toward the waste of electricity. The current electrical energy monitoring system can only be viewed when attached to the device and it is more difficult to track all devices at one time. The energy production is depending on the energy management activities to minimize the environmental impacts. Therefore, we introduce the Electrical Energy Consumption Monitoring System over IoT, targeted to measure electrical energy for home appliances such as air conditioners, water heaters, fans, lighting and others. The monitoring system consists of an electrical current sensor and a Raspberry pi IV microcontroller as the main core. The system will measure energy based on the rate of current flowing through the cables of electrical equipment and subsequently the energy consumption can be calculated. The measured values can be accessed directly via computer or smartphone. These reading values are stored in a database for future reference and comparison. On the server, Node-Red, influxDB and Grafana were installed. The use of IoT technology allows the rate of electricity consumption to be monitored anywhere quickly and accurately even at a distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an IoT based water consumption management system via LPWAN gateway at OrbiWise on Ubidot Cloud Services. The data collection involves collecting of the water flow using Message Queing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol from LoRa sensor Node to IoT LoRaWAN gateway at Thing Network. The total water consumption data and location based is then sent to IoT Cloud of OrbiWise and stored on Ubidot database. The ownerr consumption, latitude and longitude of sensor node are display on Ubidot Dashboard and a SMS notification is send to owner when water flow exceeds the maximum water usage level data. The owner of a home with the water monitoring system can be notify through SMS the water usage had exceed the maximum water usage level to control and save water consumption at his/her home. Experimental results show that a successful implementation of prototyped of IoT based LoRa connected for Water Consumption Management System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrewd observe is one of the trending contraptions among numerous wearable shapes of components. Smartwatches are not as it were an unused IT item, but they're too seen as an elegant item or observe. The current inquiry about appears climate calculate relevant to the characteristic of mold items. Utilizing the innovation acknowledgment show (TAM) as the base system, the current consider has included the demonstrate by joining seen satisfaction and seen self-expressiveness. In this paper few points on the vulnerabilities, securities, system, anticipation has been talked about and have proposed a system that might decrease the vulnerabilities, hypothetical and down to earth suggestions, as well as the restrictions of the ponder are advance examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores ZigBee wireless sensor network's concept, vulnerabilities, and detection systems. The internet of things (iots) has increased the need for more secure wireless sensor network systems such as ZigBee, to connect multiple smart devices. Smart grid is one of the latest systems that can be integrated with ZigBee to improve the system and operability of ZigBee as an effective home sensor system. There is associated potential risks and threats along with vulnerabilities in the system. Therefore, the application of intrusion detection systems (ids) has been proven to be effective in detecting and managing anomalies detected in cyber-attack that often occurs through malicious codes and injections, especially in wireless networks due to more vulnerabilities. A framework was proposed with all the systems to create a safe and secure wireless sensor home network. Future research is required to analyze the implementation of sensor networks along with smart grid and ids applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elliptic Curve Cryptography is a novel exploration public key algorithm in the region of Cryptography. It is reasonable for IoT gadgets to give security. Numerous IoT gadgets have confined measure of processing ability and memory capacity. Ellipticcurve furnishes more significant level of security with less key size contrasted with other lightweight Cryptographic methods. Change of instant messages to elliptic curve points has been baffling all of the time. A new mapping scheme has been proposed inthis paper. The relating ASCII values of the plain text are multiplied with sequence number. The multiplied values will be input for the elliptic curve. This new method evades the overt repetitiveness ASCII value plaintext. The algorithm is designed so that ittends to be utilized to encode or decode any given plaintext message of ASCII values with sequence number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advances in innovations of IoT and individual mobile phone facilities allow connecting the real world very easily. IoT can be used in different use cases. It would be starting from our home, connecting home appliances to the nearby grocery stores, connecting the people, things and objects using smart technology applications. All this happened because of increase in demand of internet that will collect, process it and exchange the information among all efficiently. It has created revolution all over the world and positively acting as an integral part of life. The IoT involves extending internet connectivity beyond standard devices such as desktops, laptops, smartphones, and tablets, to any range of traditionally dumb or non-internet enabled physical devices and everyday objects. The technology is embedded the devices and communicates the information all over the internet. All these information is remotely monitored and controlled. In this paper a method is proposed to Convert Non-Smart Devices into IoT Enabled devices. It is a cost effective method to control the non-smart devices through IoT communication technology. This is done using a microcontroller to convert a cheap or already installed electrical device into IoT Enabled devices. The Internet of Things can help make people's lives easier. IoT devices are usually very expensive. Moreover, homes that already have bulbs and devices installed which are not IoT enabled would find it very uneconomic to upgrade to ones that can be controlled. Therefore, Microcontrollers can help us control these devices without needing to actually have devices that are IoT enabled. These devices can be anything like a light bulb, a fan, or any other appliances controlled from a switchboard. These devices are used in an IoT smart home scenario, without any additional Bluetooth/Wi-Fi chips being installed. After experimentation, we demonstrated that such "non-smart" devices can be utilized in a "smart" home scenario with some modifications to the way they are connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental conditions continue to debilitate each year on account of advancement of development and expanding messy discharges from enterprises and cars. Notwithstanding the way that air is a fundamental resource always; various people are indifferent with the reality of air tainting or have actually seen the issue. Among different kinds of contaminations, air contamination and water contamination are the most hazardous and extreme, causing environmental change and perilous sicknesses. Air contamination is one among the principle players, prompting worldwide environmental change which has caused abnormalities inside the temperature design, crops creation and water contamination has prompted coming of fresher sicknesses causing broad demolition. In this paper, IOT Device, Data Science and Deep learning Technologies are used to validate the air and water pollution from the factory by the factory management and pollution control board. If any pollution violation occurs in factory, then the IOT device intimate the factory management as well as pollution control board regarding this violation. The pollution control board is provided with each and every detail of pollution emission from factory as a graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IoT Playing Remarkable roll in today's world, Nowadays, most smart devices have many sensors such as temperature sensor, humidity sensor, heartbeat sensor etc., these smart devices to detect information about their surroundings through sensors, and act accordingly. Internet connection of such devices are called the Internet of Things. As IoT is implemented successfully in different fields around the world, number of IoT networks newly created increase. It opens up new research area. IoT involves integration of multiple technologies. Integration of these multiple technologies increase the IoT system complexity. For authentication purpose Central server structure was used. Integrating multiple technologies with not reliable interconnection network may leads to sharing false data with wrong authentication. Central server is used for Data processing, it will require increase in processing infrastructure requirement for large scale IoT. Centralized architecture also affected by the problem Single point of failure. In smart city application privacy of the participant and security of the user data are more important. So, in order to solve these issues, we need a solution which is decentralized, verifiable, and privacy preserving technology. Here the roll of blockchain will come. Blockchain technology use distributed node to node communication technique. Blockchain helps to exchange information between untrusted parties without the need of thrusted third party. So, by communicating the IoT data through Blockchain solves such problems. But heterogeneity of the IoT network and resource constrained environment of it make difficulty to integrating Blockchain with IoT. So, we need to develop a blockchain model which will work effectively in resource constrained environment. This paper proposed a Dew computing based IoT Blockchain integration method which use election-based consensus algorithm for improving performance in resource constrained IoT network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health monitoring is a serious concern nowadays as there is a need for regular monitoring of some parameters in our body like temperature, heart rate, oxygen levels etc. In the present scenario, utmost care has to taken towards individual's health. As the world is now facing the issue of Covid 19, there is a shoot-up in the demand for temperature and heart sensors which can detect the temperature and heart rate of an individual. These values upon being measured can be stored in a cloud platform for further analysis. A doctor can remotely monitor a patient looking at the values stored in the database which avoids physical contact with the person. This application is a part of IoT system where there is a flow of data from bottom to top i.e. from device layer to cloud layer. This objective of this paper is providing a system which can monitor the patient's health and provide a basic treatment necessary in case of any medical supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's modern world is being driven towards automation and as well gathering any type of information from every nook and corner of the world which is possible through one of the technology named Internet of Things(IoT). IoT is not just a single technology but it is a combination of various technologies like embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, cloud computing etc. Basic IoT network consists of various layers; one among them is the device layer which is the base layer responsible for gathering the data from physical world through the sensors. Various sensors can be deployed into an area depending upon the type of application it is used for. Various homogenous sensors can be made into clusters due to which it would be beneficiary in terms of bandwidth and power consumption, number of internet connections required, fault tolerance, longevity of devices etc. This paper presents a comparison between various algorithms used to cluster the sensors at device level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants are important in maintaining the climate of any place especially indoor areas. The state of art has shown that Active Plant-Walls efficiently and effectively decrease the levels of harmful gases present in the indoor environment and help balance it. Active plant walls can be nourished using monitoring and control system (MCS). The available off-the shelf systems are costly and not affordable for domestic usage. This motivates to design an efficient, cost-effective and environment friendly system. So, in this paper MCS is proposed which takes the advantage of solar and conventionally methods for domestic use. In this model, open-source platforms "Adafruit-If This Then That (IFTTT)" and 'Google Assistant' are used as user interfaces. This model uses IoT system and off-the-shelf sensors with sufficient accuracy suitable for a friendly environment system thereby making it the cost-effective solution. The proposed model is low cost, self-sufficient, user friendly and environment friendly system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For this project, we are using Technology called LoRa. By using LoRa technology we are going to monitor the agriculture. This is called the Agricultural Monitoring. The process of Monitoring the agriculture parameters by using the technical knowledge is called the smart agriculture. By following the smart agriculture we can minimize the time and effort. Along with that the maximize yield and minimize the expenses. The population is increasing day by day,but we are running out of time. Because of this reason Iot comes in to picture. By using the smart Agriculture, we can work on irrigation, Automation and Implementation. The research begins by contrasting WiFi and LoRa as wireless technologies. Data wireless technology that can used by smart devices transmittance End-devices for the Internet of Things (IoT) used in these definitions have strong demands for battery conservation, and as a result. It is recommended to use low-power modules. The emphasis of this paper is on rescue. The current study's monitoring and aim is the use of the IoT data is distributed using two wireless technologies. Devices the well-known WiFi and the soon-to-be-released LoRa science and technology. To link the end-devices in our scenarios to the Internet, we use a LoRa-based gateway and a WiFi router. The data collected on the server application from sensors mounted on IoT modules can be viewed by approved users via a web or mobile application. This survey helps a more better to environment for rescue concepts, which involves all of the hardware and software as well as the LoRa technologies used for transmission. The scenario is implemented using two FiPy development boards for the nano-Gateway and end-node. Since energy consumption and battery life will be the subject of future studies, both devices are connected via USB cables rather than battery support for the current study. After successfully connecting to the LoRa nano-gateway, the end device captures the current location and temperature and posts them to the connected UDP stream at predefined time intervals. For testing purposes, indoor experiments were conducted to ensure the network's stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IOT) is a rapidly growing technology. Due to its networked nature and rapid implementation in various fields, "SECURITY" is taken into account a primary challenge. As there exits numerous security vulnerabilities in the existing IOT framework there is a possibility of many security threats. Vast research was done that addressed the security and privacy issues in the different layers of IOT implementation, but due to the lack of more emphasis on a structured and robust security architecture, there are many security and privacy issues to be addressed. A study on different loopholes related to the IOT security is to be done and based on that a new framework is to be implemented. This paper presents about the security loopholes in IOT devices and we have proposed a framework that can eradicate security issues. In this framework when a new user or any new IOT device wants to exchange data they are first registered in the cloud services through digital certificates and then only legit and verified devices or users are allowed furtherly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article provides a thorough review with respect to the technologies used in designing and developing automated garage doors. Herein, technologies such as IOT, microcontrollers and RFID are reviewed. The paper discusses different methods and devices used in cohesion with these technologies to make an efficient automated garage door that is efficient and secure. The article highlights that in the present date IOT is most widely used technology that provide easy and secure method for automation of garage doors. At the same time microcontroller and RFID based technologies are secure, however, these tend to be static in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clients have restricted access on the stored information at the far off area oversaw at various service providers as privacy and protection are the significant doubts in cloud computing. The data delivered from the wearable devices become more testing as it has more delicate and heterogeneous in nature. The vast majority of the current strategies in the literature is having high calculation and communication costs and is attackable to different known attacks, which decrease their significance for relevance in real world. Henceforth, in this paper, we proposed another cloud based validation technique for giving security to Health Data. A secret session key that is utilized for secure interchanges after effective shared verification between a client and wearable sensor node. The Real-Or-Random model based proper security examination and regularly acknowledged Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications device based conventional security check. it gives the session key security and ensures dynamic attacks for proposed technique. The proposed technique is likewise casually examined to show its flexibility against other known attacks. Additionally, we have done a point by point relative assessment for the correspondence and count costs close by security and convenience remembers that gives its profitability for diverge from the other existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper the integrated approach for modelling and optimization the internet of things systems is carried out. The investigation of the possibilities of optimizing the scorecard in the Internet of Things is shown. The method of expert assessments is implemented. The block diagram of the algorithm associated with the determination of weight coefficients is shown. The procedure of rational choice in the management structure of the IoT system is formed. The dimension of set of the original problem is reduced. The main problem is to choose such a system management structure that would be focused on the resources used, as well as on the demonstrated results of work. The modeling and optimization will reduce costs and labor intensity in information processing in considered technical systems. The structural diagram that allows the implementing of rational choice of elements control is illustrated. The results of using the proposed approaches are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]