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This research aims to contribute to ending the electricity crisis in Iraq, as it is country rich in solar energy due to its location close to the equator. Electric power stations, which use traditional fuels, are unable to provide the population's electricity needs throughout the day. Moreover, electricity distribution lines sometimes malfunction due to high temperatures. This paper recommends solar energy as an optimal solution to the electricity problem in Iraq. Because it is renewable and environmentally friendly. The paper also focused on techniques that would improve the efficiency of the solar power system. This was achieved by designing and building a solar tracking system to absorb the largest possible amount of solar energy and increase electrical energy production, in addition to building a cooling system consisting of a small pump and nozzles that pump water in the form of a volatile mist to get rid of excess heat from the solar panels at the temperature It rises to extreme levels. The system is also equipped with a cleaning mechanism to rinse the solar panel once, which is harmful to getting dirt and dust because dust is the negative factor that affects the generation capacity of the solar panels. The solar tracking system and the cleaning system are operated by a control unit made in the local markets that work with the Internet of Things (LOT) system and is programmed in the Python language and depends on data completely on the Internet. As for the cooling system, it supplies energy during the day directly from the solar panel, depending on the temperature sensor. The results reveal that the solar tracking, cooling, and cleaning system has significantly improved the production capacity of the solar system and can achieve an energy gain of 39.68%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offered a framework on the Internet of Things (IoT) to observe and control the largest number of distribution electric transformers in Mosul city. This method has the advantage of providing continuous monitoring of electrical distribution transformers as load current, voltage, winding temperatures, oil level, and oil temperatures to provide timely alerts to correct if there is a malfunction to convert conventional monitoring to smart monitoring. As a result, the life of distribution transformers is extended, lowering the cost of maintenance. This paper suggests a design that utilized LoRa-WAN based on the IoT by using LoRa modules to send this data across a LoRa gateway that communicate to server via Cloud platform on the internet. If any of the distribution transformer's end devices (EDs) parameters exceeds the predetermined value, the EDs will send alerts to LoRa-Wan. After loRa will receive these alerts, the network then will implement the necessary action. This paper provides an implementation of simulation software (omnet++) program to assess the LoRa performance as implemented through the framework of FLoRa to simulate transformers for electrical distribution. The results of the study demonstrated the ability of modeling and simulating different environments by assigning suitable parameters value of LoRa for the carrier frequency, coding rate, spreading factor, bandwidth, and power transmit. Network performance has been improved through minimize the energy consumption for EDs and increase of the packets delivery ratio by reducing the size of the network's area, incrementing the number of LoRa gateways, and reducing the distance between the EDs and the gateway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an Arduino Uno-based electrical energy theft detection system is designed to detect energy thefts that occur in residential, commercial, and industrial areas. This system is designed to detect unauthorized theft of electrical power from distribution lines and determine the location of the theft in precise detail. The problem of electrical energy theft occurs due to increased demand for electrical energy or the exploitation of weak points in the energy meter, which causes an increase in energy theft. This project aims to reduce unauthorized energy use and ensure the energy meter is not tampered with. This system measures the current values using a current sensor and compares them using the Arduino Uno. In the event of a difference in the values of the currents or opening the power box and tampering with the meter, the system sends a theft alert message with the location using GSM and Zigbee communication technologies to the electrical energy distribution sector for the specialized engineer to carry out or take action regarding theft. The designed system has proven advanced results in automatic theft detection in terms of accuracy and time. It differs from other detection methods in which consumer data is collected to determine theft, which takes longer to collect and detect. The innovative system provides control over theft and reduces interference in detecting it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all the nations worldwide in many ways. The pandemic has not only caused global health and economic crises but also affected the electricity distribution system. The impact of the pandemic on the electricity distribution system resulted from electricity consumption and demand behaviour that changed dramatically during the pandemic following the government regulation to regulate resident activities. This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the reliability of the electricity distribution system in Medan City. The reliability of the system is analysed based on three method: the system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI), the system average interruption duration index (SAIDI), and the customer average interruption index (CAIDI). The data applied in this study is collected from 2020 to 2022 and provided by PT. PLN (Persero), Medan, which is the national electricity company. The results showed that the average reliability index value for the system average interruption frequency index, the system average interruption duration index, and the customer average interruption index of the electricity distribution system Medan City from 2020-2022 is 8.2, 8.1, and 1,2, respectively. The results are compared to the IEEE Standard 1366-2003 and SPLN 68-2:1986 and show that the electricity distribution system of Medan City did not meet the reliability standard during the pandemic. These findings are expected to contribute to the decision and policymakers formulating future regulations and policies related to similar situations and avoiding future electricity reliability issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid system for generating and distributing electricity for a multi-speed autonomous underwater vehicle is considered. Due to the wide range of electricity consumption, the task of controlling the parameters of the power grid arises. The complexity of the task lies in the constant change in the composition of consumers and the current they consume. Due to the novelty of the development of a multi-speed apparatus and the use of a hybrid system for the generation and distribution of electricity, the problem was not considered earlier in this formulation. To solve the problem of connecting consumers to power sources, it was presented in the form of a weighted directed graph, and the problem of connecting consumers to conductors was formalized as finding the shortest path in the graph. The paper proposes algorithms for controlling the connection / disconnection of consumers from the elements of the electrical network and the dynamic switching of consumers between current conductors, depending on the speed mode of the apparatus, based on the use of an algorithm based on Dijkstra's algorithm. The results of numerical experiments made it possible to estimate the energy consumption in the most unstable, most energy-intensive parts of the trajectory. This made it possible, in turn, to test the developed power grid control algorithms and make sure that the algorithmic decisions made were correct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]