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The research described in this paper outlines the comprehensive development process of a system spanning five key sections: data collection and transmission, cloud connectivity, AGV Wi-Fi vehicle, fertilizing mechanism, and data analytics. The investigation involved the careful selection of tools and techniques for each section, with a focus on NodeMCU ESP8266 as the microcontroller for data collection and transmission, utilizing various sensors. Google Sheet was chosen as the cloud service provider due to its suitability for the project, and a detailed comparison of platform advantages was provided. The workflow of the WIFI controlled vehicle and cloud connectivity was elucidated through block diagrams and flowcharts. The system implementation successfully integrated Google Sheet with Microsoft Power BI for data analytics, leveraging its user-friendly interface. The connection setup between Google Sheet and Power BI was illustrated, and a step-by-step guide for interpreting data analytics results was presented. The paper concludes by showcasing the implemented system and displaying the Power BI dashboard, demonstrating the practical application of the developed solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solar energy system based on PV (photovoltaic) parameters monitoring techniques compromise of the both the electrical and environmental data, the number of parameters being measured in a PV plant that combine and analyze to observe and/or evaluate its efficiency. with a view to vouch the responsible and stable performance of any solar system, an effective measuring system is essential. large scale solar energy plants are respectable complicated and increase the cost and complexity on PV parameters measuring systems, so we can note in the past decennium, numerous ideas of monitoring systems were determined in vast number of research papers. For this review article different PV measuring systems were be studied and reviewed in details. The review manner included the most of solar parameters measuring techniques of PV system, and its efficiency and performance. The most of PV monitoring techniques which exhibited and examined. in other hand the different sensors and their operation principle, microcontroller, data acquisition technologies, data transmission units and types, and information modules storage and display are studied and reviewed in this paper. at last, this survey sustains the selective suggestions for upcoming researches. A massive solar PV monitoring techniques in this review paper concise an inclusive survey of techniques, these techniques based the phenomenal information handling units and different and novel data transmission protocols. The innovative photovoltaic measuring technology's especially that based on the internet of things discussed and investigated in innovative manners. The review will confidently completely the emphasized perceptions progress to improved exertions on the road to improvement of the monitoring technologies in future maintainable solar PV efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid growth of wireless communication system has boosted the exponential development on smart technology while driving a substantial increase in traffic volume. With a highly congested and demand on RF bandwidth spectrum, Visible Light Communication (VLC) seem as a complementary technology towards RF based system which provide wider bandwidth, free and unregulated channel, poses no health hazard, high security and low power consumption leads VLC to be one of the promising technology in data transmission. By maintaining the main purpose of illumination, the exploitation on the existing LED-based lighting system is used as a transmission mechanism to photodetector or image sensor which is used to detect the variations of the light intensity via free space optical channels. Different VLC modulation schemes is review in this paper to see the pros and cons of each scheme implemented in outdoor application specifically for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) VLC system. Various type of noises is presented in this paper with the denoising scheme to eliminate or reduce the shot and thermal noise caused by natural sunlight and artificial roadside infrastructure light which degrades the performance of VLC system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid evolution of Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology marks a pivotal moment in the realm of wireless communication, promising to bring transformative changes across a spectrum of industries and applications. In this research paper, we embark on a journey through the exhilarating landscape of Li-Fi's potential, where the convergence of innovative technology and cutting-edge research points toward a future where high-speed, secure wireless communication is no longer a vision but a tangible reality. Li-Fi's remarkable capability to harness visible light for data transmission has ignited imaginations and piqued the interest of technologists and visionaries alike. The applications of Li-Fi extend far beyond conventional communication. As we delve deeper into its potential across domains, we uncover its transformative impact on smart cities, where Li-Fi could enable ultra-efficient, interconnected systems, reducing energy consumption, enhancing public services, and redefining urban living. In the healthcare sector, Li-Fi offers the promise of enhancing patient care through reliable and high-speed data transfer, potentially revolutionizing the way medical professionals' access and exchange critical information. Within the industrial landscape, Li-Fi has the potential to empower automation and industrial processes with its low latency and interference-resistant properties, fundamentally reshaping how industries operate and communicate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological advancement makes human life more manageable in different aspects, and several variants are available to provide the same. Wireless communication helps to transfer information or data from one place to another without any physical connection between devices. The application includes mobile communication, remote access, satellite transmission, vehicle communication, broadcasting, etc. There are two categories of wireless communication: infrastructure-less networks and infrastructure networks. Any network where nodes connect without the need of infrastructure is called a mobile ad hoc network. Because of features like changeable topology, rapid setup, multi-hop data transmission, and others, MANETs have become more and more common. Due to their distinctive features, MANETs are ideally suited to several real-time applications, such as calamity control, environmental monitoring, and military activities. To assist in actualizing the vision of Industry 4.0, MANETs may also be employed with innovative technologies including cloud computing, machine learning, and the Internet of Things, etc. Any MANET-based critical real-time applications require reliable and secure data delivery. Hence, this study explores several security approaches that advance safe transmission while enhancing MANET performance. The findings of this article indicate that while significant progress has been made in terms of security of MANETs, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed. Overall, this survey paper provides a thorough rundown of security boundaries of MANETs, highlighting both the progress made and the areas that require further attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromatic Dispersion (CD) compensation in optical fiber Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation based Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC-OQAM) systems is the most used today, especially on terrestrial Long-haul optical fiber type. As any other related system, FBMC-OQAM have a lot of strength and weakness points that should take in account, therefore, focus on studying data transmission over optical cables with FBMC-OQAM modulation for long distance and improve data access by reducing the noise on phase and have less dispersion on the transmitted light. To get a high spectral efficiency keep the subcarriers number sufficiently high, so will work on 256 subcarriers with cable length up to 3000 km. To get less complexity on an algorithm chose to use, and therefore compensate some of the dispersion at the receiver, must not set the subcarriers number at too high level. In parallel, know that the fiber dispersion or the propagation distance increases or the number of subcarriers decreases, the CD tolerance of single-tap equalization is reduced, so in this paper, propose to use the frequency sampling multi-tap equalizer for improving the CD compensation. Furthermore, will derive a new simple phase noise (PN) estimation algorithm which can be seen as an adaptive maximum likelihood (AML) algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless networks are using an increasing amount of energy to assure the quality of service as the number of high-data-rate applications increases. As a result of inadequate energy resources and eco-friendly transmission, energy-efficient communications have received significant attention. Data transmission and energy usage are tightly related in wireless communication, whereas the channel's capacity limits the data rate, and It's currently unclear how much energy a communication system require in future generations. So, in this paper, transmission power p, bandwidth B are varied to find the maximum achievable limit on Energy efficiency in future wireless devices under different scenarios. Analysis of energy efficiency as a function of channel gain and bandwidth is performed in the simulation of a single antenna system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show the efficacy of Unequal Error Protection (UEP) for data communication using punctured convolutional codes. We have considered PCM and numeric data types to analyse the performance of Unequal Error Protection scheme as compared to the conventional scheme. The performance is evaluated in terms of the decoding error distribution and the word error rate (WER) under Gaussian noise for both the schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote monitoring and control of appliances or equipment at institute, city, home, or industry from a large distances with low power consumption is still a complicated task. Nowadays, some smart devices or mobile phones are being proactively used to monitor and control equipment using Internet of Things (IoT) systems. However, this system requires high power consumption and covers only short distances. This paper presents Long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) based smart campus controlling system. The proposed system contains of the transmitter, receiver and a web application. A private network server is built and connected to a LoRa gateway, which gathers information from end nodes/wireless sensors and transmits it to a network server which is, TheThingsNetwork (TTN) without the use of routers at the transmitter end. At the receiver end, the data can be used to power an end-user application/dashboard/mobile app, as well as to monitor and operate various appliances and devices. LoRa is used to implement the network interface, which solves communication failure problems and allows for energy-efficient data transmission. The LoRa smart campus platform optimizes the energy utilization of the campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK) modulation is widely used in control systems such as health monitoring with bio-implants, tire pressuring monitoring systems etc. In binary ASK digital modulation, the time to transmit one bit of information depends on the length of the symbol. In a sound communication system, the symbol is transmitted as a sound pulse. The total transmission time of a message is associated with a symbol length. For a symbol length of 0.01 s, the transmission rate is 100 bps. But transmitting short sound pulses at low frequencies requires the use of low-quality factor emitters. This is necessary to be able to achieve fast decay for the small number of oscillations of the pulse being emitted. With a carrier frequency of 1000 Hz and a pulse duration of 0.01 s, the pulse contains 10 periods. On the other hand, to achieve the required received signal power that provides the desired Beet Error Rate (BER) levels, the use of high gain emitters allows the use of a lower power transmitting device. A contradiction arises between the two transmitter requirements due to the fact that a small quality factor does not allow a high gain factor to be achieved. In this paper, using a sound data transmission system with binary ASK digital modulation, how the BER levels change at different symbol lengths and carrier frequencies of the transmitted signal is investigated. The audio transmission and reception channels were implemented on a PC using the LabView. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, computer network researchers have proposed many new congestion control algorithms for general and specific data transmission. However, most of these algorithms are completed by modelling and limited to the conditions of laboratory experiments; few of them have been practically tested in real high-performance networks. The paper solves an actual scientific problem of developing models and methods for increasing the bandwidth of distributed telecommunication systems of highly accessible cloud data storage based on new access protocols. The problems were analysed concerning the deployment and functioning of cloud data storage. The technological and functional problems were highlighted when deploying cloud data storage based on the analysis. The attention was focused on unsolvable problems of building distributed data transmission systems. A cloud data storage model was improved by presenting it as an algebraic system, which differs from the existing ones by introducing data processing methods based on session-level protocol tools into the architecture of a connected telecommunications network, which made it possible to determine and use its bandwidth more accurately and fully. The system architecture was designed based on the proposed and modelled methods to access cloud storage. Cloud storage was deployed in practice and data was exchanged. A comparative analysis was carried out of the proposed methods and the existing ones, and their effectiveness was proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With new technology, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has evolved into Data-Driven Intelligent Transport System (DDITS) and further to the Internet of Vehicles (IOV) during the last few decades. Vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs), a hierarchy of Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs), are usually deployed in smart ITS in urban, highway, and rural scenarios. VANET facilitates vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication with massive exchanges of safety and non-safety messages to other vehicles. Moreover, it achieves low latency in an open-access environment without requiring fixed infrastructure or centralized administration, improving ride quality, safety, comfort, and efficiency issues in road traffic. However, open wireless communication channels make these messages vulnerable to attackers to intercept, tamper, replay, and eradicate them. Hence, this paper provides an extensive overview of VANETs, security, and various attacks and countermeasures. It further analyses the critical and challenging security issues, in particular Authentication, data confidentiality, data integrity, availability, and nonrepudiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents fiber optic data transmission system for temperature measurements. It is used for short-range frequency modulated data transmission in a noisy electromagnetic environment caused by high voltage equipment. The system is composed of an input data converter, optical transmitter, optical fiber channel, receiver and output data converter. It operates at a wavelength of 850 µm, with 100 MS/s transfer rate, at possible distance up to 2000 m. The system is fully assembled and tested in a laboratory environment. It is a reliable solution for single and multichannel temperature monitoring without an electric connection between transmitting and receiving sides. At the current implementation single channel data transmission is performed. Temperature is measured by thermo-electric sensor e.g. thermocouple or thermo-resistor, where data encoding and conversion device is optimized for the particular sensor constrains and typical sensor output signal. Multichannel data transmission is also possible within the current system implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of things is well-developing technology in the modern era. These technologies were used in various fields by passing the information or commands to electronic devices. In early stage, there is a communication between machine to machine, machine to environment and machine to infrastructure but IoT fills the gap between human intelligence and artificial intelligence. As a result, large number of database has been generated for processing and the processed information takes necessary action. Though it provides so many opportunities but the problem is it creates so many risks while transmitting information. Therefore it should be concern that how to keep these devices safe and secure. Hence the study is mainly focused how the machine learning techniques resolve the problems created due to the securing IoT surrounding. This proposed paper deliberate about the variables, features and existing technique and identified which method would be more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Laser based underwater communication is used as a best tool for mining the mysterious ocean atmosphere for gathering different types of information. Unmanned underwater vehicles are deployed underwater for this purpose. Laser based data transmission and reception gives a better way of communication utilizing the very interesting properties of it. Real time videos of Deep Ocean are captured using sensors and cameras and may be transferred to another UUV or equipment placed at land. This real time video transfer requires a feasible high speed with high data rate communication technique. This paper tries to implement a high speed underwater laser communication link by utilizing the USB based data transfer with the aid of lab-VIEW programming. The major objectives of the research are to study, compare the various underwater wireless technologies, design and development of UW laser communication link using USB based data transfer, to evaluate the communication link performance in varying simulated water conditions like pure, coastal and turbid waters, evaluate the link with data like text, images, audio and video files, bit Error rate analysis. Another objective is to introduce an IoUT concept with high data rate and low bit error rate. Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is defined as a network of smart interconnected underwater objects for monitoring/carrying out underwater operations. IoUT enables a system of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) communicating with each other, sensing, collecting and transmitting data to control centers above the surface at regular Internet speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We live in times where technology is advancing at an unprecedent rate. From online communication, shopping, data sharing, cashless payments to transmitting sensitive information through internet, everything is being done online. These online methods of data transfer are always vulnerable to online phishing and frauds. Therefore, it becomes very imperative to devise ways for safe and secure transmission of data. To keep up this, new and secure cryptographic schemes are the need of the modern age. In this paper, the author presents a new improvised encryption technique which makes modifications in the traditional approach of the Caesar cipher by combining it with extended Hill cipher. Additionally, it makes use of the Linear congruential method to generate the randomized secret key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-Robot system (MRS) is a collaboration technique to coordinate and control a large number of robots. Navigation, communication, and coordination are some of the current challenges for these systems. Generally handling a multi-robot system poses challenge on the communication infrastructure or possibly a central controller and to resolve this robust communication for multi-robot system is needed. Most common wireless technology use microwave, infrared (IR) and radio frequency (RF) for data communication. Unlike RF, communication using ultrasonic wave can be promising alternative as it does not affect human health. Till now, communication systems are designed using RF and Infrared for multi-robot system. This paper discusses about the development and applicability of ultrasonic communication technology for multi-robot system. This technology uses ultrasonic transducers which are actuated by a 40 kHz signal to transmit the encoded data. The communication system is tested for a range of distance and angle for successful communication. The results of the analysis suggest the feasibility and viability of using ultrasonic waves for digital communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]