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It helped the academicians and Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICME2019) AIP Conf. Proc. PREFACE: 13 th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, ICME2019 The 13th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICME 2019) was held on 18-20 December 2019 at BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh. All these papers were categorized into four broad groups: Mechanics and Materials Engineering, Fluids Engineering, Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering, and other related topics. [Extracted from the article]

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technology has emerged as a crucial tool in various fields, including mechanical engineering. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the application benefits of SLAM and the common challenges within the mechanical engineering landscape. Through case studies and evaluation of emerging solutions, the paper explains how SLAM is reshaping manufacturing, automation, augmented reality, and maintenance processes. The challenges include environmental factors, computational complexity, accuracy, and integration obstacles. The review emphasizes the significance of sensor fusion, AI integration, cloud-based solutions, and collaborative standardization efforts in overcoming these challenges. Ultimately, the paper highlights SLAM's immense potential in revolutionizing mechanical engineering practices while addressing the necessary advancements to prepare for its widespread adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The DC servo motor is widely utilized within several domains, including aerospace, mechanical engineering, and robotics control, among others. As such, studies of position control for DC servo motors carry significant significance. It should be noted that the choice of the controller holds considerable sway over the responsiveness of the motor, with suboptimal selections made based on intuition rather than analysis. Therefore, this study aims to establish a model of a DC servo motor system and to simulate and compare it in different cases. One is a motor system without any additional controller, while the other system uses a PID controller, which effectively optimizes the transient response of the DC servo motor. In this paper, the DC servo motor system is simulated using Falstad, and the optimum PID control coefficients are obtained using MATLAB. The step signal waveforms are observed to verify the improvement of the PID controller in terms of system accuracy and performance. The simulation results show that the PID controller can effectively reduce fluctuations and achieve a fast response and high-accuracy control system compared to conventional proportional controllers. The research in this paper enables us to determine the optimal control method to improve control performance and deepen our understanding of its effect on the stability of DC servomotors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the development of a gravitational water vortex turbine model for testing equipment. This testing equipment will be used to support the laboratory work and conduct research by the lecturers and students at the Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Lampung. The design is based on the geometry of the circulation tank, the profile of the blades, and the number of blades. This testing equipment consists of a conical circulation basin with an inlet diameter of 60 cm and an outlet diameter of 10 cm and a turbine with a top diameter of 20 cm and a bottom diameter of 15 cm using curved blades. The tests were carried out for the different numbers of turbine blades by varying the flow rate from 8 l/s to 12 l/s. The test results showed the highest efficiency of 22,04 % using six turbine blades, compared to four or five turbine blades at a flow rate of 10 l/s. Test results of this testing equipment also showed it could provide the performance characteristics of a gravitational water vortex turbine properly to carry out the laboratory work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the actual problem of mechanical engineering and presents a comparative analysis of materials for flexible load-gripping devices, mainly used when carrying out rigging operations with special loads. As an example, we have selected lifting equipment in the design of which hinge chains, welded chains or metal ropes are used. Multi-branch lifting means are considered and a brief description of their application is given. The basic requirements for chain suspensions and requirements for the manufacture of welded chains, as well as requirements for the materials of the chains, and the methodology for conducting the incoming inspection of purchased components are described. The paper emphasizes the importance of conducting a detailed incoming control for the compliance of the chemical structure of the material with the requirements of regulatory, technical and accompanying documentation. As a result, arguments are given for the design and use of flexible load-gripping devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interpreting the 3D model for the 2D drawing is a difficult task for majority of the mechanical and civil Engineering studying the premier courses. Few of the students do it naturally and most of the students need to be trained to have the skilled feature. The paper is mainly focused on the Methodologies applied in teaching to facilitate the accession of a multidimensional object which is a 3-D dimensional object by which a maturity related skill is focused. The methodologies have been developed keeping in view of targeting the first years at a university in Portugal. Students after having the primary contact with 2D project representation whereby the manual drawing is focused first and then the students progressively elaborate the CAD in the starting with 2D interpretation and then finally coming to a conclusion with the 3D projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of 3D printing technology in mechanical manufacturing has precipitated an escalating demand for refined tools and methodologies. These are essential for assessing the technical prowess and constraints of specific 3D printing modalities and for juxtaposing the efficacy of diverse processes, leading to the emergence of benchmark samples. As delineated by Mahesh, these benchmark samples can be categorized into three primary clusters: geometric, mechanical, and process benchmarks. Geometric benchmarking predominantly focuses on the precision of printing, serving as a barometer for the geometric fidelity of 3D printing outputs. Among the myriad of 3D printing techniques, Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is lauded for its cost-effectiveness and versatile material compatibility. However, FDM grapples with challenges related to printing accuracy, often resulting in printed components that lag behind their injection-molded counterparts in terms of mechanical robustness and precision. This paper embarks on a comprehensive exploration of FDM's applicability in mechanical engineering, emphasizing the accuracy of its printed components. Furthermore, the discourse delves into strategies to improve FDM's printing precision, encompassing slice optimization, meticulous temperature regulation, and innovative alterations to the printing motion paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the impact of using CuO nano-particles of 50nm size in a Vapor Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS), along with Poly-alkylene Glycol (PAG) oil, and R-134a mixed to form a nano refrigerant. In this work, the nanoparticles were performed in three different volume fractions (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) and mixed with 200ml of the PAG oil. A VCR system was built at the mechanical engineering department laboratory in al-qadisiyah University to study the Coefficient of Performance (COP) and the system's energy consumption with and without the addition of the nanoparticles. The paper resulted in a raise in systems COP by 41.7% when using concentration of 0.5% of CuO/PAG oil/R-134a and a reduction in the power consumption by 24.32% compared to when using a pure R-134a/PAG oil. Also, the nano refrigerant appeared to be safe, harmless, and more efficient for use in vapor compression systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the issues of wastewater treatment of mechanical engineering enterprises of the rocket and space industry using immobilized microorganisms. Based on the analysis of the process, its hardware design with subsequent development of bioflotation machine is selected, which can significantly reduce capital and operating costs, as well as areas for the placement of treatment facilities. At the same time, the efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant itself, which has a diverse component composition, can be significantly increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the experience of conducting classes with the help of distance learning technologies, obtained in 2020-2021 in the context of the use of anti-epidemic restrictions by the faculty of Special Mechanical Engineering of Bauman Moscow State Technical University, who prepares students for a wide range of undergraduate, graduate and specialty programs in Rocket and Space Engineering and Technology in more than 20 different specializations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an experience of computer vision technologies application at industrial production enterprise for manual operations identification and control. Computer vision intelligent module is implemented using an artificial neural network. Main attention is given to development of a harmonious artificial intelligence environment including both manual operators and intelligent modules. Special software and hardware is deployed to support the technological processes. An example of practical use is given for production of wires and accessories for automotive wiring harnesses in Samara region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with local stability of the thin-walled compressed flange of channel columns and beams made of aluminum alloy. The aim of paper is to find critical stress of local buckling of the flange member taking into account the web-flange interaction in linear and nonlinear elastic range of the member material. The governing differential equation of the problem is derived with aid of the principle of stationary total potential energy. The equation solution leads to the critical buckling stress and assessment of the number of half-waves in linear elastic range of the member material. Taking into account these results the analytical formula of the critical buckling stress in nonlinear elastic range is established using the tangent modulus theory and the Ramberg-Osgood stress-strain relationship. Finally the analytical results for simply supported members are compared with the FEM solutions and good agreement is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents results of determining the effect of technological deviations on the limit state in mechanical engineering, on example of shell type equipment using digital model. Development of a model that takes into account accurate geometric features, distribution of physical and mechanical characteristics and behaves like real object under influence of operating parameters is one of the most promising areas for reducing production risks. Three cylindrical shells made of steel 09G2S according to the same design scheme were chosen as the object of research. Comparison and analysis of results of loading by internal pressure until destruction of three shell models with ideal model shows that even permissible technological deviations contribute to a significant redistribution of stress and affect limit state. Potential zones of destruction are formed, the internal pressure required for destruction decreases. Destruction of all three models occurred in different places of shell under different conditions. Taking into account peculiarities of shells, timely identification of potential destruction zones and use it during technical examination will reduce the risk of an accident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquiring efficient, economic and accurate methods for identifying the material properties of heterogeneous materials have been one of the major objectives in the mechanical engineering community, thus, inverse methods may be considered as contributing to a very promising way of achieving the objective. This paper is concerned with an inverse method for identifying the material properties of a kenaf reinforced composite test model. An initial finite element model of the composite test model is developed and normal modes analysis is carried out to calculate the modal parameters of the initial finite element model. The inverse method which is developed from MSC Nastran SOL200 is used to update iteratively the material properties of the initial finite element model based on the comparison between the calculated modal parameters and those observed experimentally from experimental modal analysis (EMA). The objective is to acquire the most appropriate set of material properties that provide well match between the finite element model and the test model. It was found that the identified material properties are well matched with that of previous published papers in terms of the reduction in total errors, which are discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates integrating model representation descriptions in the form of charts and specifications at the stage of automated systems infological modeling, developed in order to solve design tasks on the methodology for automating intellectual labor (MAIT). In the process of creating the automated system on the basis of MAIT there were developed the following model representations: initial, conceptual, infological and datalogical. The infological model representation is invariant to the software and hardware environment and implementation means. The description of infological model representation includes the following forms (specifications) and charts: for a static component – P1 and P2, the chart of infological structure; for a dynamic component – P3 and P4, the chart depicting a system of subject accesses; for a functional component – P5 and P6, the chart depicting a system of subject manipulations; P8 and the matrix chart showing the model as a whole, including static, functional and dynamic components coordination. The features of building diagrams and the formation of specifications when creating an infological structure are investigated, on the basis of which a method and technique for integrating descriptions of static components for model-projects of automated systems that perform computational tasks in the design of mechanical engineering objects are determined. The article provides the integration of descriptions in the form of diagrams and specifications for the static components of infological model views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seamless pipe elbows are important components in mechanical, plant and apparatus engineering. Typically, they are produced by the so-called ‘Hamburg process’. In this hot forming process, the initial pipes are subsequently pushed over an ox-horn-shaped bending mandrel. The geometric shape of the mandrel influences the diameter, bending radius and wall thickness distribution of the pipe elbow. This paper presents the numerical simulation model of the hot mandrel bending process created to ensure that the optimum mandrel geometry can be determined at an early stage. A fundamental analysis was conducted to determine the influence of significant parameters on the pipe elbow quality. The chosen methods and approach as well as the corresponding results are described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution describes the usage of the software Rhinoceros for creating the 3D models of two intersecting surfaces of revolution. We distinguish three different cases, in which there are couples of surfaces of revolution with one coincident axis, next to it with two non-coincident parallel axes and finally, with two intersecting axes. There exists the possibility to save the created 3D models of two intersecting surfaces of revolution in the *.stl format in the Rhinoceros. The files saved in the *.stl format are used as bases for 3D printing. We use 3D printing as a tool for creating realistic models of such types of spatial situations or constructions that are hard to image for the students of the first year of the Bachelor study at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at TUL. In the case of the contact way of teaching, we can lend the printed 3D models during the lectures or seminars to students. Consequently, the manipulative activities can lead to developing the imaginations of the real visibility of the spatial situations or constructions drawn on the paper by the ruler and the compass. We also introduce the possibilities of using 3D printing in the online way of teaching the course titled Constructive Geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the development of information architecture (IA) within technical communication, by presenting a practical approach to implementing taxonomies in the world's leading water solution manufacturer and distributor. Technical documentation is a major part of the manufacturing process, ensuring that customer receive needed information to operate products in the efficient and safe way. To optimize translation costs, increase reusability and digitalization, enterprises are moving away from one-block publications to writing modular topics, using XML standard, such as Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA). However, there are challenges with this approach: how to manage the growing number of modular topics in Component Content Management Systems (CCMS) efficiently. The solution presented in this study recommends developing information architecture to enable three-dimensional information retrieval and reuse taxonomy design. Product Information Classification (PI-Class) method is used to create taxonomies to enable digitalization of topic-based technical documentation. Taxonomies are then used by trained technical communicators, allowing them to select metadata tags that are applied to the topics. Metadata allows searching for topics in CCMS and reusing the needed text. There is lack of studies which describe a practical approach on how to implement and manage metadata-based classification systems. This paper will present the PI-Classification method, describe the process of designing and implementing taxonomies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fixture is said to be a modular component, provided that the repair elements are designed so that they can be used interchangeably and re-used in various components. The fixture design therefore ensures the right choice of various materials. This fixture system ensures fast and easy access to the workspace. V-blocks are metal jigs that are commonly used to hold round metal pipes or rods when performing various drilling or milling operations. The designed structure consists of a rectangular metal or 90-degree stainless steel block surrounded by 45 degrees from the sides forming a reconstituted channel at the top of a small canal cut below the v-block. They usually come with screw clamps to hold the work, there are also a variety of types including internal puller holders for metal working tools. V-blocks are usually a solid pair. In mechanical engineering, repair work is to reduce the deterioration of the working piece resulting from the folding and cutting force required to maintain the accuracy of machining Fixtures used in various industries depending on their application. This can be done by placing repair items such as locations and workpiece in the best possible location. If the cycle time required for loading and unloading goods is long, setup adjustments are usually made by person. As a result, a system is needed that can help increase productivity and save time. fixtures reduce operating time and increase productivity with the highest possible working quality. In this paper, the tightening of the clamping, the location of the work piece under heavy machinery and conflicting conditions on the visible connection between the jig and fixture elements and the work piece is considered by adjusting the V-block fixture to produce a body of valves of different sizes (8 inches, 10 inches and 12 inches wide). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows that the national standardization system includes a set of general technical standards and standards by industry, occupational safety and health standards, emergency safety standards and other standardization subsystems, as well as participants in standardization work, including technical standardization. products, and documents on the standardization of such products. Documents on the standardization of technical products are linked to national standards due to the complexity of standardization, which ensures the work on the standardization of interconnected objects. Product standardization activities are provided, among other things, through mutually agreed procedures for planning, development, adoption, revision and cancellation of standardization documents, as well as national standards and all- Russian classifiers of technical, economic and social information used in the development, production, operation and disposal of technical products. and making changes to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New approach to static analysis of thin non-rectangular arbitrarily loaded plates, called the macroelement method, has been developed in this paper. Macroelement is a rectangular plate which entirely contains real plate. The mathematical model of macroelement was built. The equilibrium equations are performed for macroelement and boundary conditions are written on the line corresponding to contour of real plate in the nodes which are zero points of trigonometric functions, included in the macroelement model. The load is applied only to separate nodes on the surface of real plate, whereas the complement of a plate to macroelement is unloaded. Analysis of construction is reduced to solving a system of linear algebraic equations. The method provides better accuracy compared to finite element method and requires less equations. There is trapeze plate clamped at inclined edge and simply supported at opposite one considered in this paper. The other edges of the plate are free. Uniformly distributed load on the surface of real plate is taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is a preface to the International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering: Transcending Boundaries 2021, which was held in Kottayam, India in June 2021. The conference aimed to bring together academics, researchers, teachers, and students to share their research in mechanical engineering and interdisciplinary sciences. Due to the pandemic, the conference was conducted online. The preface highlights the keynote lectures given by Dr. Kapil Gupta, Prof. Dr. Satyandra Gupta, and Dr. Manoj Gupta, as well as the paper presentation sessions. The AIP Conference Proceedings contains a collection of 21 selected papers from the conference, covering various areas of mechanical engineering. The organizers express gratitude to the advisory panel, chief editors, external reviewers, and organizing committee for their cooperation and look forward to future editions of the conference. [Extracted from the article]

Industrial sector is now evolving to match the requirements of the industry 4.0; the educational field is also trying to match this advancement. The various trends in the educational field are coming up as an opportunity. Numerous institutes are grabbing these opportunities and shifting towards the virtual laboratories for improving students' practical based knowledge. Virtual labs can be accessed from remote locations and thus they are useful in distance learning. This paper discusses the paradigm shift of traditional labs towards virtual labs in the field of mechanical engineering. It also includes the design and development of MESCOE MECH SM V-Lab, a Virtual lab for Solid mechanics. Results were compared for various experiments acquired through different models developed in the V-Lab. Potency of this lab is validated by taking survey from subject experts and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the possibility of using an actuator for controlling the flight of an anti-aircraft missile (AAM), in the form of a fast rotating rotor suspended on a joint in its body. Forced changes in the rotor (gyroscope) axis position angle in relation to the body axis of the AAM generate moments of forces that change the missile flight direction and guide it to a moving target. The mentioned system could be applied to combat low-flying and fast-moving targets. The analysis was only applied to motion in a vertical plane, and the selected digital simulation results were graphically presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the presented work, the author analyzed the indicators and characteristics of the maintainability of large units and assembly units of heavy engineering products. The calculation of operational indicators and the distribution law of the recovery and maintenance time are given. The paper shows that the random nature of production and operational factors predetermined the widespread use in the theory of reliability of the mathematical apparatus and methods of the theory of probability, the theory of random functions and mathematical statistics. In particular, their application to describe changes in the state of devices, analytical determination and statistical assessment of reliability characteristics. The relevance of this work is the possibility of practical adaptation of maintainability indicators for decomposed units with varying degrees of detail. The results of the work are presented in the form of practical recommendations for the operation of large mechanical engineering products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the advantage of using hydraulic drives as elements of mobile robot control systems is shown, the advantages and disadvantages of hydrodynamic transmission. We studied the issue of regulating the movement of vehicles with hydrodynamic transmission. A comparative analysis of the methods for controlling the movement of robots equipped with hydraulic drives has been carried out. The relevance of the use of new types of flow dividers to control the movement of a caterpillar robotic platform is substantiated. Also, we describe the principle of operation of the proposed device and its capabilities in the framework of the task of dividing a fluid flow into several in a given ratio. A mathematical model of one of the cascades of the throttle flow divider has been created. We modeled the operation of the hydraulic system of a caterpillar robotic platform with an adjustable flow divider in MATLAB. The modeling results of the developed hydraulic system at various torques on the hydraulic motors of the caterpillar platform are presented. The transfer function of the equalizing cascade of the flow divider is obtained to simplify the further presentation of the described element of the system. We modeled linear and non-linear systems for the validation of linearization and assessed the quality of work of the developed adjustable throttle flow divider under various operating modes. Lastly, we analyzed the advantages of using this device in this domain of mechanical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and the manufacture of a 2–dof (degree of freedom) Stewart platform with diameter 150 mm and 300 mm with actuated by Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) is presented. This Stewart platform has a comparable structure with a stationary plate and a moving plate. The plate is connected with 6 shape memory alloy and a mechanical coil in the center. SMAs are the smart materials for the actuators which has the capability to restrict the freedom of movement when external forces are applied. Possible application was ankle/foot rehabilitation exercise for Continuous Passive Motion (CPM). Static equilibrium plays a very important role in mechanical engineering, precisely in static equilibrium towards quantitative description of loads. The paper explains the kinematic model of the Stewart platform and static deflection calculation were conducted and tested. The 150 mm base diameter Stewart platform triggered by 0.508 mm diameter SMA is found to be best suited for creating significant deflection of a platform for ankle and foot. Validation through experimental and theoretical results has proven its feasibility and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the problem of reliable estimation of head losses in the conical diffuser-the most important element of the wind tunnel tract. The analysis of the literature sources showed the presence of a significant (2.5 - 6 times) spread of the corresponding data and the need for unification of the calculation technique for determining the loss factor of a conical diffuser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Earth Air Tunnel Heat Exchanger System is a passive air-conditioning system which has no side effect on earth climate and produces better cooling effect and heating effect comfortable to human body. It produces heating effect in winter and cooling effect in summer with the minimum power consumption of energy as compare to other air-conditioning devices. In this research paper Temperature Analysis was done on the two systems of Earth Air Tunnel Heat Exchanger experimentally for summer cooling purpose. Both the system was installed at Mechanical Engineering Department Government Engineering College Bikaner Rajasthan India. Experimental results concludes that the Average Air Temperature Difference was found as 11.00° C and 16.27° C for the Simple and Hybrid Earth Air Tunnel Heat Exchanger in Series Connection System respectively. The Maximum Air Temperature Difference was found as 18.10° C and 23.70° C for the Simple and Hybrid Earth Air Tunnel Heat Exchanger in Series Connection System respectively. The Minimum Air Temperature Difference was found as 5.20° C and 11.70° C for the Simple and Hybrid Earth Air Tunnel Heat Exchanger in Series Connection System respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the experience of monitoring the progress and certification of students using distance educational technologies (DET), obtained in 2020-2021 by teachers of the faculty of Special Mechanical Engineering, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, who trains students in a wide range of undergraduate, graduate and specialty programs in Rocket and Space Engineering and Technology in more than 20 different specializations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a proposal of a new device that may be used as a component of natural smoke ventilation systems - an external aerodynamic baffle used to limit the wind effect at the most adverse angle. Natural ventilation is not only affected by the external wind, but also dependent on the angle of wind attack. It has been proven, that at angles between 45° to 60° the performance of such device is the lowest. This is the reason why additional device is proposed - external baffle that could hypothetically increase the performance at chosen angles. The purpose of this paper is to explore this idea by numerical modelling of such external elements on a validated natural ventilator model, with use of ANSYS® Fluent® CFD model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spheres are widely used in precision bearings, MEMS and parts of precision engineering. Following the increasing demands for the high motion performance of spherical parts, sphericity is becoming an indispensable component in the control of form error. However, the evaluation of sphericity has no unambiguous mathematical description and is still considered to be a complex mathematical problem. This paper presents a unified approach to the evaluation of sphericity using three methods, namely, Least Square Sphere, Minimum Zone Sphere and Maximum Inscribed Sphere. The study originates from the need to compare the effectiveness of these methods for different requirements for measurement accuracy. Three experiments are used to verify the effectiveness of the methods with real datasets measured on Coordinate Measuring Machines. The paper presents a mathematical model of sphericity measurement and results of the verification of these models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotic manipulators have long been used in industries due to its capability to perform various tasks that require high precision and repetitive in nature. Besides, robotic manipulations are also ideal for applications in the environment that is not conducive to human. With the emerging of Industry 4.0, robotic manipulators are expected to play more important role in the manufacturing sector as higher productivity is required. For that, many robotic related courses have been offered at the undergraduate level to equip students with knowledge of this technology. To understand the technology, demonstration using an actual robotic manipulator setup is necessary. Nevertheless, acquiring setup of the manipulator is quite expensive and if purchase, the quantity and access to the manipulator will be limited. As a result, sufficient amount of time will not be provided for students to explore and learn how the robotic manipulator is actually working. Alternatively, simulator can be used as a learning tool to understand the robotic manipulator. Besides cost-effective, students have unlimited access at their own convenient time. Utilizing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) approach, this paper is written to provide essential information for the final year undergraduate mechanical engineering students of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia to build their own path control robotic simulator. At the end of semester, students will be presenting their simulator in group for evaluation purpose. The best simulator will be selected as a learning tool and subject to further improvise in the upcoming semester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on measuring static characteristics of two coaxial contra rotating propellers (CRP). This particular measuring is a part of the complete design of the UAV VTOL tailsitter aircraft, which is developed at The Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Czech Technical University. The measurement target is to verify correctness of the numerical design method used for measured propellers and then to find the data necessary for maximalization of the power efficiency of the designed UAV. The specificity of measured CRP is a different diameter of the propellers and a different design point. The bigger 22" propeller is designed to provide sufficient thrust for vertical take-off and landing. The smaller one, 16" propeller, is optimized for a horizontal flight with constant speed, however it contributes to achieve sufficient thrust in a vertical position as well. For the measurement of these propellers, a laboratory measuring device was designed and assembled. This device allows the propellers to be measured separately or together and the propellers can also be measured in an open space as well as integrated in the aircraft. In both cases the propellers take the same position in the space and therefore the same position relatively to each other. The first part of the measurement is focused on measuring static characteristics of each propeller separately. The measured data was compared with the design static characteristics calculated with 3D panel method, thus the accuracy of used numerical design method was determined. In the following part of the measurement, the propellers were integrated in the aircraft and all measurements were repeated. In this configuration it is possible to determine thrust losses caused by the aircraft body. Another important point of measurement is to determinate optimal propeller rpm ratio for the lowest possible power consumption and propeller rpm ratio when the final torque on a propeller axis is zero. This data is essential for subsequent tuning of the autopilot unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In mechanical engineering, in the production of metal structures and in other industries, a significant part of the products are made from blanks obtained from sheet materials on CNC machines. Special software used at enterprises for the development of NC programs (so-called Computer-Aided Manufacturing, CAM-systems) ensure the automation of the process of the NC programs developing, but do not allow optimize the time and cost of the cutting process. At the same time, when modeling the tool path, CAD users often have to use interactive methods for designing control programs, since the algorithms for generating of programs implemented using the automatic design mode, in many cases do not allow satisfy to many technological requirements for sheet cutting. The paper describes a new approach to solving the Cutting Path Problem (CPP or the Tool Path Problem) in the automatic design mode, which allows taking into account the specific constraints of thermal sheet cutting technologies and solve different classes of Cutting Path Problem. The proposed approach is based on the use of several models of discrete and continuous route optimization, heuristic methods of accounting for technological constraints and the concept of the basic cutting segment. To test the developed optimization algorithms, specialized library of test instances. The results of computational experiments are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of structural light-weight materials with necessary performance characteristics is an important task as they are used in mechanical engineering, aviation and space. It is known that macroproperties of a material depend on the structural-phase state at micro- and meso- level. One of the methods of transformation of the material structure is irradiation of the surface with an intense pulsed electron beam. The purpose of the paper is the analysis of the laws governing formation of a destruction surface structure of hypereutectic silumin AK10M2N in the as-cast state and in the state after exposure to a pulsed electron beam. Deformation of silumin samples was carried out using the strain to failure method. Electron beam irradiation was carried out in the high-speed melting mode of the surface layer of samples prepared for tensile testing. As a result of the studies, it has been found that irradiation leads to formation of multiphase structure with micro- and nanoscale inclusions in the treated surface layer with a thickness up to 70 μm. An increase in strength (in 2 times) and plastic (in 1.8 times) properties of silumin irradiated with an electron beam has been revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concerns a boundary element method (BEM) for 2D SH-wave scattering in an elastic layer sandwiched by two half spaces. The BEM is based on the integral equation having a Green’s function for a layer as its integral kernel. Since the Green’s function satisfies the interface conditions, numerical integration in the BEM is necessary only on the surface of scattering objects, thus the computational memory can be saved greatly. On the other hand, numerical evaluation of the Green’s function is critical and burdensome. In this paper, a hybrid ray-mode representation of the Green’s function given by Kamel is employed. Numerical aspects of the representation are discussed in some detail, and the BEM code with the Green’s function is developed thereafter. As a numerical example, SH-wave scattering by a cavity in a layer is considered. Some numerical results to investigate the interaction between the cavity and layer interfaces are presented. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of wind energy has been investigated for a long period of time by different researchers in different ways. Out of which, the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine and the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine have now advanced design, but still there is scope to improve their efficiency. The Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) has the advantage over Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) for working on omnidirectional air flow without any extra control system. A modified H-rotor Darrieus type VAWT is analysed in this paper, which is a lift based wind turbine. The effect of solidity (i.e. chord length, no. of blades) on power coefficient (CP) of H-rotor for different tip speed ratios is numerically investigated. The study is conducted using time dependent RANS equations using SST k- ω model. SIMPLE scheme is used as pressure-velocity coupling and in all cases, the second order upwind discretization scheme is chosen for getting more accurate solution. In results, different parameters are compared, which depict the performance of the modified H-rotor Darrieus type VAWT. Double layered H-rotor having inner layer blades with longer chord gives higher power coefficient than those have inner layer blades with smaller chord. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the use of Optical Flow (OF) video processing to measure structural vibration. This fairly new application of the technique has been validated under laboratory conditions and is now applied to measurements outside of the laboratory. It is demonstrated that the method is capable of identifying the first three vibration natural frequencies of the structure being measured. Validation data is obtained from an accelerometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 4th International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques (ICSET) was held in Baghdad, Iraq, on October 5-6, 2022. The conference, organized by the Technical Engineering College - Baghdad, Middle Technical University, presented 218 engineering research papers in various fields such as Applied Mechanical Engineering, Thermal Engineering, Energy and Renewable Energy, Civil and Architecture Engineering, Materials Engineering, Chemical Engineering, and Electrical and Electronics. The conference aimed to provide a platform for researchers and stakeholders to share knowledge and experience in sustainable engineering and renewable energy issues. The organizers expressed gratitude to the committee members, university partners, keynote speakers, and participants for their support and contributions. [Extracted from the article]

Presently, the quick innovative development has prompted technology assessment that is in accordance with the presence of industrial revolution 4.0. Notwithstanding, the field of education is also not on left behind in the current 4.0 industry development which directed to education 4.0. There are 9 pillars of revolution 4.0 and essentially, augmented reality and internet of things (IoT) are the important pillars that has been used for this research. Likewise, revolution 4.0 is an innovation that moves from the digital age to the physical cyber era. With the launching of Malaysia Education Development Plan 2015-2025 for higher education steps have been taken to push the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) which includes special intervention in teaching and learning in this field. Similarly, augmented reality being the interactive method of technology that has been hypnotize peoples especially generation Z. In this regard, 21st Century learning methods are subjected to the technology based in order to attract the student. Consequently, the researchers have made a study on augmented reality technology approach towards Mechanical Workshop practice 1 especially in welding workshop, machine workshop and fitting workshop among the Mechanical engineering students in Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Arau, Malaysia in order to produce an innovation that can be impacted and interactive to the students. As a result, the innovation of Mechanical Workshop Practice with Augmented Reality approach has been created. Product development of mechanical practice has been done using ADDIE model approach. Hence, this innovation shows that augmented technology was suitable to adapt in 21th century learning method that can be impacted to the students. This innovative product has wide opportunity to be marketed to all Polytechnics in Malaysia and all Malaysian institutes of higher education which have Mechanical Engineering department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]