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The article discusses modern technologies in the development of new materials, the use of which improves the quality of products, influences the search for new forms in the design of the architectural environment: landscaping, small architectural forms, bicycle equipment and special accessories for citizens with disabilities. Authors are analyses the results of research on the use of the latest materials of modern scientists in various fields of science: ecology, materials science, economics, mathematics, architecture, building physics, medicine. The concept of development of use of technologies of 3D printing with a combination of recycling are presented. The use of new technologies as the only possible in the conditions of the development of the Moon and Mars and in places of catastrophes, also in social orders for inclusive design, comfortable ergonomic furniture for interiors and urban public spaces. Futuristic possibilities in the formation of architectural objects of architectural environment based on parametric design, bio tectonic and fractal regularities. Review of organoid technologies from nature innovations: banana waste, bamboo fibre in sandwich composites, solar paper, honeycomb paper, bio based architecture was conducted. We noted about the need to address the disposal of products made of modern materials to ensure sustainable environmental development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of laser infrared radiation on the surface modification of DLC coatings. The authors found that the texture created on the surface of the coating resulted in improved surface properties (smaller coefficient of friction). They also observed that certain laser fluency, waveform, frequency, and laser head scanning speed led to creating a relevant depth of the groove without completely removing a thin coating (about 4 µm) coating. The texture applied to the surface can be beneficial under certain conditions, for example, when coated parts work under lubricated conditions. The textured surface shows a microreservoir effect in which the debris particles accumulate to some extent in the created grooves. The study provides insight into the potential use of laser surface modification as a method for improving the properties of DLC coatings, which are widely used in various industrial applications. Research is relevant to scientists and engineers working in the fields of materials science, surface engineering, and industrial manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To The natural, bio-degradable features and chemical constituents of the sugarcane bagasse (SCB) have been attracting attention as a highly potential and versatile ingredient in composite materials. Eco-friendly and low-cost considerations have set the momentum for material science researchers to identify green materials that give low pollutant indexes. Biodegradable polyesters made from by-products of the sugarcane industry's aconitic, cinnamic, and glycerol can also be made from sugarcane and used as scaffolds for bone and skin tissue engineering. useful applications in controlled urea release fertilizers. The possibility of using sugarcane bagasse fibers as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites has been investigated. To make activated sugarcane bagasse biochar laced with nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in order to produce a fertilizer with the potential for slow nutrient release. Studies on the effects, capabilities, and uses of SCB in its natural state, changed forms, treated with the necessary chemicals and/or methods, combined with materials with different characteristics, and altered production processes. This research paper aims to provide a concise overview of the existing body of literature, which extensively investigates the potential applications and capabilities of SCB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assets that are normally accessible in the climate are the keys to the improvement of material science. The utilization of assets as materials is expanding every day for the endurance of humanity which likewise impacts the eco-framework as a boundary. From the development use of the materials, composites assume a fundamental part that is liable for the new speculations, advancements, and applications in various areas of science. As to convey forward the advancement in material science, the quest for elective utilization of engineered or counterfeit polymer composites which are non - degradable is begun because their temperament impacts the supportability, and balance in the climate whichstraightforwardly impacts the everyday routine pattern of experiencing creatures in nature. Subsequently, the way leads to regular composite materials which are bio-degradable and eco-accommodating to the climate. The recuperating capacity peculiarities themselves exist in nature, whichis adjusted to the material science field to build the existence use of the material. Self-composites appeared and were created by numerous analysts and its system and various kinds of approaches are given out exhaustively. In any case, the greater part of one self-healing idea was finished and given out on engineered composite materials. This displayed as an exploration hole and drove us to research the impact of the self-recuperating ideaon regular fiber-supported green composites. This paper gives out a concise viewpoint hypothesis on self-healing composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern concepts in the field of building materials science are closely related to the development of new theoretical concepts in the field of compacted materials, in the technology of which the thermodynamic (energy) state of the microparticles of the feedstock and raw material mixtures is purposefully realized. The process of obtaining such materials based on highly dispersed powders of gypsum stone eliminates the most complex and costly stages of production. This ensures energy efficiency and low resource intensity of production. Important aspects are environmental friendliness and safety of production and the material itself. This requires analytical dependencies that link the composition and structure with the properties of the finished unfired gypsum stone. This allows you to determine the optimal properties of mixtures for the manufacture of new gypsum materials in accordance with the required performance. The paper investigates the problem of developing a regularity linking the composition and structure of gypsum stone based on compacted powders of technogenic dihydrate gypsum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomaterials have a large surface area, a small size, and the ability to interact with cells, making them materials with fascinating physicochemical and biological features for biomedical applications. 2-Dimensional has emerged as the most important candidate in the domains of chemistry, material sciences, and nanotechnology since the discovery of Graphene. Because of the distinct properties of 2-D materials, particularly Graphene, nanoparticles are rapidly emerging in electrical and other disciplines. As a result of this growing trend, such materials are increasingly being exploited in biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery and tumor detection. Scientists are always attempting to improve innovative nanomaterials which are more useful as therapeutic agents as well as diagnostic tools. Several efforts are being made in recent years to diagnose and cure tumors using multi-functional nanomaterials. There seems to be a growing desire for even more accurate diagnostic approaches for chronic diseases. In this paper, we are going to study and concentrate on Nanosystems which are based on graphene as well as many other 2-D nanomaterials which are used for the treatment of cancer. Ultimately, we'll share our perspectives on current obstacles and future [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials are components constructed from newly discovered science. The incident of the discovery of the latest materials could result at intervals in the opening of the whole latest field of study, which is a great new clarification of a problem that was believed to be unsolvable. Such a type of material is graphene, which is a misleadingly simple honeycomb arrangement of carbon atoms. This revolutionary material has jumped to the forefront of material science, which has enormous attainable applications. Additionally, it permits the observation of the electron in association with virtually a zero-resistance setting. This material might not be commercially sustainable, but at intervals, the approaching time is sort of functional in the different fields. In this brief review paper on graphene, we have studied some of its major properties and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Material science has witnessed many applications of Mathematics involving Graph theory and Topology. In this paper some concepts of Graph theory and Topology has been linked together. The order of points of a topological space with topology as incidence topology generated by Comb graph and Helm graph has been presented in this paper. Also, the order of edges with respect to respective incidence topology of these special graphs have been studied. Various results based on connectedness and separation axioms of the incidence topology generated by these graphs have been discussed. Moreover, order of these nodes and edges with respect to the incidence topology has been established and generalized for these special graphs and supporting examples are illustrated along with the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many applications of Mathematics like topology and graph theory are seen in Engineering and Material Science. In this paper, we have established the results showcasing association of graph theory and topology. The order of elements of a topological space with topology as incidence topology generated by Comb graph has been presented in this paper. Also, the order of edges with respect to respective incidence topology of this special graph have been studied. Various results based on order of these nodes and edges with respect to the incidence topology has been established and generalized for the comb graph and supporting examples are illustrated along with the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, the generalized ( G ′ G 2 ) –expansion method is proposed and applied to the generalized Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation with variable coefficient, which exists in many scientific fields like, plasma material science, and optical fiber. Further, our aim in this paper is to achieve the closed form solutions of ZK equation. The newly presented solutions are of hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational functions. The dynamical representation of the solutions are shown as annihilation of three–dimensional kink waves, and multi-soliton waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biopolymers derived from cellulose are renewable, biodegradable, and non-toxic carbohydrate polymers. Cellulose is composed of β-D glucopyranose and three hydroxyl groups per anhydroglucose that give the material a high degree of functionality and make it as one of the most popular materials in health sciences, biomaterials, agriculture, foodstuffs, and paper production. Cellulose is one of the components in biomass-oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as an example, that has been widely explored to be used not only as a raw material for pulp, but also as the source of cellulose nanofibers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the lignocellulose in OPEFB and determine the crystallinity index of isolated cellulose nanofibers (CNF) from OPEFB. Chesson-datta method was used in lignocellulosic analysis. Steam explosion method was used to isolate cellulose, followed by hydrolysis by acid and homogenization to form CNF. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the crystallinity index of CNF. Lignocellulose content in OPEFB was 25.5% hemicellulose, 45.5% cellulose, and 14.0% lignin. XRD revealed that CNF had 67.4% crystallinity index. Nanocellulose was expected to be used as a reinforcing material in the production of super absorbent hydrogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 4th International Conference on Current Trends in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (CTMSE 2022) was held virtually from July 28 to July 30, 2022. The conference aimed to provide a platform for researchers, scientists, and academicians from around the world to present research papers on recent developments in materials science and engineering. It focused on new advances in various areas within the field and aimed to improve society and everyday life. The conference was organized by the Institute of Engineering and Management in Kolkata, India, which is known for its commitment to excellence in education and innovation. The organizers expressed gratitude to the speakers, session chairs, reviewers, and committee members for their support, and hoped that the conference proceedings would be helpful for young researchers and experts in the field. [Extracted from the article]

In the rapidly evolving field of emerging technologies, machine learning has the ability to advance the material science field significantly. Although there are many techniques to determine the material properties and behavior, we used machine learning as a key technique, which allows the machine to make data-driven decisions for carrying out certain tasks. There exist tremendous traditional methods and computational data modelling systems that consume a lot of time and require a lot of resources. Thus, it is mandatory to develop a mathematical modelling system that reduces time and works more efficiently than usual. Here we build upon the machine learning approaches to predict the nanoscopic changes, which include strain instabilities and variations in the structural changes of graphite. In this paper, we primarily focus on the material behaviour of graphite plates and use deep learning techniques to investigate the microstructural material properties and compare them to other techniques for predicting the full results. Here we have obtained nearly 8000 organized values from 29 different data sets. Raman spectroscopy was used to conduct experiments on graphite material for data sets. We used K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) clustering algorithm to determine the changes in graphite material properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of studies on the synthesis of building compositions based on acid ash – a waste of fuel enterprises, studies that are devoted to its useful potential in building materials science. Today, the use of gas and nuclear energy is increasing. They use resources from renewable energy sources. But experts say coal plants will dominate for a long time. One of the main disadvantages of the coal industry is the problem of ash disposal. It is dangerous for the environment. Currently, the valuable qualities of ash for the construction industry have been discovered through research. Methods of its use as a raw material for the cement, ceramic industry, and road construction have become known. According to many scientists, all components of fuel ash in industrial production can be considered as an important resource material. Modern technological capabilities make it possible to convert ash from waste into a required raw material. It is most successfully used to modify cement binders and concretes based on them. The potential of acidic fuel ash will be fully used in the development of technology for producing an ash microsphere. This opens up the possibility of using it to reduce the density and thermal conductivity of materials, which meets modern approaches to energy efficiency. However, research has revealed other promising areas for the use of ash. For example, obtaining geopolymer binders. Cementless binders are among the most demanded. They help reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Thus, ash disposal has great prospects from the standpoint of industrial production, provided it is deeply processed with the release of various substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study paper looks at the "Nanotechnology" aspects today. This gives a detailed overview of nanotechnology as well as its associated application in different fields. Medicinal field, electronics, robotics, as well as solar energy and food processing etc. This also discusses Nanotechnology's upcoming prospects. Nanotechnology makes a major contribution to developing, even revolutionizing, many sectors of advancement as well as industry: information technology, power, ecological science, medicinal, household security as well as food protection, as well as transport, among others. Current nanotechnology attaches existing developments in chemistry as well as physics and materials science, and biotech to produce new materials with specific properties as their constructions are determined on a nano-sized scale. Transformations of educational systems and their resulting elements of different countries have basically identical characteristics and have become research topics in many international forums around the world. The global trends in engineering education are given which are not typically widely discussed. This article overviews the complex nanotechnology applications in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph theory and topology have applications in material science. In this paper, the order of elements of a topological space with incidence topology generated by Star graph has been studied. Various results based on connectedness and separation axioms of the incidence topology generated by this undirected graph have been discussed. Moreover, order of these nodes as well as order of edges with respect to the incidence topology have been established and generalized for star graph and sufficient examples are illustrated to support the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Material Science is a field that applies many aspects of Mathematics, including topology and graph theory. In this paper, the order of elements of a topological space with topology as incidence topology generated by Path graph has been studied. Various results based on connectedness and separation axioms of the incidence topology generated by path graph have been discussed. Moreover, order of these nodes as well as order of edges with respect to the incidence topology have been established and generalized for these graphs and sufficient examples are illustrated to support the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise in demand for cheap and high performing engineering products for numerous application has continually attract the researcher's attention in the field of material science. The recent projections of eco-friendly, sustainable, future green and renewable manufactured goods allude increase in the use of agricultural waste in the upcoming decades. However, the high cost of synthetic reinforcement is a challenge, hence the need to source locally for an alternative reinforcement, cheap and readily available. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of studies carried out by several authors on the influence of various agro waste used in reinforcement of Aluminum matrix composites, highlights their influence on the mechanical properties, various applications of AMC and challenges encountered in the development of reinforced AMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoelectric ceramics are some of the most important class of functional materials which are used to produce sensors, actuators, motors, resonators, electromagnetic filters, etc. Among various piezoceramics, the perovskite family has grabbed significant attention, particularly in the fields of condensed matter physics. Precisely speaking, Lead Zirconate Titanate exhibits remarkable dielectric and piezoelectric properties, however, the toxic nature of lead is hazardous to both environment and human beings. Therefore, various researchers have shifted their focus towards lead-free piezoceramics. Sodium Potassium Niobate is the most intensively studied lead-free piezoelectric material possessing large piezoelectric coefficient and high Curie temperature. The objective of this paper is to provide an insight on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of lead-free Sodium Potassium Niobate ceramics and their composites. The current state-of-art of this lead-free system with an emphasis on recent advances in its piezoelectricity suitable for wide range of applications are also been highlighted. This review provides an overview of the development of lead-free perovskite Sodium Potassium Niobate and its composites which may provide an impetus to various researchers working in the field of materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The RAISELIFE project was conducted from April 2016 until March 2020 and was funded within the H2020 program of the European Commission (Grant 686008). The project aimed at developing novel materials with extended lifetime and performance for parabolic-trough and solar tower CSP plants and thereby reducing electricity generation costs. In order to assess the expected durability of the novel materials, improved accelerated aging and qualification methods simulating in-service conditions in different climates were developed. The project brought together a broad consortium formed of industry partners, SMEs and research institutes of the CSP and material science sector. This paper summarizes the main developments and takeaways from the RAISELIFE project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite structures with the same crystal structure as CaTiO3, are of importance in the field of Materials Science right from the discovery of ceramic high-temperature superconductors to the organic–inorganic semiconductors for high-efficiency photovoltaics. Owing to their unique crystal structure, perovskites display a variety of interesting properties like ferroelectricity, superconductivity, magnetoresistance, birefringence, piezoelectricity etc. Moreover, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has increased from 3.1% in 2009 to 22.1% in 2017. Since a large number of elements can be combined to form perovskite structures, one can selectively design and optimize perovskite’s physical, optical and electrical characteristics. Through theoretical and computational modelling, it is possible to access the hitherto unknown atomistic properties, opto-electronic properties and operational mechanisms of these materials with high accuracy. This paper aims at explaining some of the potentialities of DFT hybrid functionals to analyze the electronic, structural and optical properties of compounds constituting various layers of a perovskite solar cell with the help of software packages like VASP, Wien 2k. Gaussian 09 etc. This paper also reviews the effect of doping on the electronic properties of various layers of perovskite solar cells including the band gap, visible light absorption, relaxation time of holes and electrons using DFT, which in turn determines the optimum charge separation. The effect of introduction of an Intermediate Band Gap in the perovskite structure using DFT methods based on G0W0+SOC approach is also discussed here. A study on the effect of various intrinsic defects present in perovskite structures using DFT calculations with VASP package is also discussed. The relevance of modelling the interfaces of various layers of perovskite solar cells with DFT packages is discussed with the help of selected examples of materials and representative interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave near field microscopy and spectroscopy are currently studied for imaging and local characterization in material science, as a non-invasive diagnostic technique in many fields of interest, encompassing dielectric, magnetic and biological samples. Monitoring cultural heritage artefacts is also possible measuring biodeterioration by near field microwave microscopy, to find bio-inclusions with a non-invasive approach. In this paper, is presented a preliminary work for testing a homemade measurement system for local characterization of plants, to determine the necessary sensitivity to study the changes induced by modification of the bio-sample over the time due to an aging process. Preliminary experimental results, showing the capabilities of the developed system, are shown and discussed. In particular, changes in the order of few ohms can be recorded using an impedance measurement, using both real and imaginary part of a reflected signal, to obtain the losses contribution and their evolution due to the natural aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modification of concrete represents a substantial issue in the field of materials science. In this sense, an understanding of the interaction between various compounds poses a crucial issue that needs to be resolved and described in detail. The utilization of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) as an internal curing agent for the mitigation of autogenous shrinkage may result in modifications in the thermodynamic behavior of Portland cement hydration. While the mechanism of various types of SAPs on mechanical properties has been reported considering several aspects, the application of SAPs in cementitious materials is lacking, and the proper description and influence on chemical nature and physical properties are not available. In this paper, the effect of three different SAPs on early hydration evolution is studied. Obtained characteristics by meaning hydration, heat evolution, initial reaction, and setting period are linked together with the functional parameters of the designed concrete mortar mixtures in a hardened state to provide important information for the building practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful transformation of modern nanotechnological approaches in building materials science into commercial products and their introduction to the market for commercial use is ensured by the choice of an affordable nanomodifier and the widespread use of regional raw materials for building mixtures. The paper substantiates the use of a mechanically activated cement-sand composition as a nano-modifying additive in a concrete mixture for formless molding of building structures by the method of additive technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of electroactive conjugated polymers is an emerging field in material science. The nanocomposites of conjugated conducting polymers with metal oxide give rise to significant properties and applicable as smart materials in technological applications. The present paper reports the synthesis of aluminium oxide nanoparticles by chemical method, synthesis of pure PANI and PANI – Al2O3 nanocomposites by using in-situ chemical oxidative synthesis. The structural analysis was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and X - ray diffraction studies. The peaks obtained in spectra validate the synthesis of desired materials. The average particle size of fabricated materials was calculated using Scherrer formula, which was found in nanometer range. The four-probe technique was used for measurement of DC conductivity of samples. The antimicrobial activity of composites was performed with disk diffusion method using Bacillus subtilis (Gram +ve bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram –ve bacteria). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of polymer composite materials (FRP - fiber reinforcement plastic) in suspension bridge superstructures requires a detailed consideration of design problems at the junction of materials science, structural mechanics and aerodynamics. The paper continues research the aerodynamic characteristics of the FPR pedestrian suspension bridge spans. The threshold character of the permeability influence of the superstructure beams walls on the flow pattern, the characteristics of the near-wake flow of the structure and its aerodynamic characteristics was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on coarse-grained (or mesoscopic) simulations of bidisperse cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cis-PI) melts with the EMSIPON (Engine for Mescoscopic Simulations for Polymer Networks) code that has been developed in the Computational Materials Science and Engineering group at the National Technical University of Athens. The code implements a hybrid particle-field Brownian dynamics/kinetic Monte Carlo method advanced in the course of the last four years. Structural, thermodynamic and rheological properties have been computed and are compared with the corresponding properties of monodisperse cis-PI melts at the same temperature. Moreover, the algorithm employed for creating initial configurations of bidisperse as well as polydisperse polymer melts is explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes several integration schemes suitable for the hydro-mechanical model for expansive clayey soils. The complex model is based on hypoplasticity with parameters influenced by suction and the model is formulated in the rate form which requires time integration not only of the stresses but also state variables. Several integration schemes based on Runge-Kutta- Fehlberg method have been tested and their performance is compared in the last section of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The northern regions characterized by harsh climatic conditions should be developed using modern technology employing polymeric materials suitable for use at temperatures down to -60 °C. The creation of polymer composite materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with highly perfected service characteristics is one of the priority tasks of modern materials science. The paper discusses the physical-mechanical, tribological, and thermodynamic properties of composites based on PTFE and various types of fillers. The results of the study show that complex filling in a certain combination provides a high degree of interaction between the polymer and the filler, thereby significantly improving the properties of PTFE-based composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to environment and sustainability issues, this century has witnessed a global attention in green technology in the field of materials science through the development of composites. So, natural fiber reinforced composites have become important field of green composite. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of sisal fiber reinforcement in epoxy composites with random orientation. Sisal fiber is abundant, low cost, degradable and good strength fiber. Sisal fiber is separated from sisal leaf using suitable techniques and those fibers surface are modified by chemical pre-treatment method (alkali treatment5%NaOH solution). Pre-treated fiber with constant length and volume is reinforced in epoxy matrix. Pure epoxy and sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites are prepared by hand lay-up method. The prepared composites are tested as per ASTM standard. Tensile strength, compression strength and water absorption test are examined for the composite. The properties of the prepared composites are compared with pure epoxy. Experimental results show that the fiber reinforced composites showed enhanced mechanical properties compared with plain epoxy composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to environment and sustainability issues, this century has witnessed a global attention in green technology in the field of materials science through the development of composites. So, natural fiber reinforced composites have become important field of green composite. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of sisal fiber reinforcement in epoxy composites with random orientation. Sisal fiber is abundant, low cost, degradable and good strength fiber. Sisal fiber is separated from sisal leaf using suitable techniques and those fibers surface are modified by chemical pre-treatment method (alkali treatment5%NaOH solution). Pre-treated fiber with constant length and volume is reinforced in epoxy matrix. Pure epoxy and sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites are prepared by hand lay-up method. The prepared composites are tested as per ASTM standard. Tensile strength, compression strength and water absorption test are examined for the composite. The properties of the prepared composites are compared with pure epoxy. Experimental results show that the fiber reinforced composites showed enhanced mechanical properties compared with plain epoxy composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical modeling of the solidification processes is known to attract special attention due to its high applicability in metallurgy and material sciences, since they are alike to determine the main features of the physical and mechanical properties for crystallized substances. Meanwhile, the temperature of the metastable zone might be lower than the equilibrium phase transition temperature due to the concentration (constitutional) supercooling effects, causing formation of the specific structures close to the moving crystallization front, e.g. dendrite formation and growth, heterogeneous nucleation effects, cell structure of the front itself. Taking into account the compensatory effects of the latent heat released, the non-linear phase diagram model was developed in the current paper: both analytical solution for the binary melt quasi-stationary solidification process and the experimental correspondence to the theory on the data for Fe-Ni alloys are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years many physical phenomenons have been successfully modelled using fractional partial differential equations such as in electromagnetics and material sciences. Fractional partial differential equations involve derivative of noninteger order. Many researchers attempted to solve various types of fractional differential equations using various methods. In this paper, the conformable fractional derivative definition introduced by Khalil et.al [4] is used. The fractional derivative using this definition satisfies many properties that the usual derivative has. By applying some similar arguments on Fourier transform for solving partial differential equations, some modifications on the Fourier transform are constructed to handle the fractional order in a fractional differential equation. The modified Fourier transform which is developed satisfies similar properties with the Fourier transform in the classical sense. The application of the method to solve a fractional differential equation is given as an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main and crucial fundamental thermodynamic properties are the enthalpy’s formation. It is know that the enthalpy of formation plays a keys role in energy balance calculation combustion properties, equilibrium constants of reactions and fuel characteristics of materials. Several methods have been carried out in calculation and estimating the enthalpy of formation, such a semi empirical model, Miedema model and density functional theory calculations. Currently, the datamining is the newly developed approach which attracts and increasing care of the material science researches. In the current paper, the one know datamining approach based on artificial neural network (predictive technique) has been proposed to estimate the enthalpy formation for several hydrides. An (3-13-1) architecture structure has been developed to predict the enthalpy of formation for rare-earth dihydrides CeH2, PrH2 and DyH2, Also, an (6-15-1) architecture of artificial neural network has been developed to estimate the enthalpy of formation, for the 39 ternary hydrides selected from different published works. The performance indices such a relative error, coefficient of determination and mean square error were used to control the performance of obtained results. The obtained results for enthalpy of formation for CeH2, PrH2 and DyH2 are basically consistent with the density functional theory and are in good agreement with experimental data. In other hand, the obtained results for 39 ternary hydrides are also in good agreement with experimental data available in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research of nanomaterial is a hot topic in materials science, and the corresponding nanotechnology is recognized as the most promising research field in the 21st century. Thus, the basic concept and properties of nanomaterials are firstly introduced in this paper, and its development status and major typical applications are analyzed. As well as some related development policies for the nanomaterials industry are also discussed. Finally the research/development trend of the nanomaterials is predicted, which can provide some guidance for some researchers or the application of the nanomaterials to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) allows examining structure of materials in nano and sub-nanometer scale. This technique is based on the lifetime and intensity of ortho-positronium atoms in free volumes of given structures. It is mostly used for studies in material sciences, but it can also be used for in vivo imaging of the cell morphology as proposed in [1], [2]. Cancer cells are characterized by an altered macro structure in comparison to normal cells, thus the main objective of these studies is to compare if these differences can be detected on sub-nanometer level with PALS technique. First studies on standard PAL spectrometers conducted by Jean [3], [4] and J-PET collaboration [5], [6], give promising results showing differences between normal and cancer tissues. This perspective will allow for simultaneous determination of early and advanced stages of carcinogenesis, by observing changes in biomechanical parameters between normal and tumour cells, and standard PET examination, which can be performed with the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET), a multi-purpose detector used for investigations with positronium atoms in life-sciences as well as for development of medical diagnostics. Results of first PALS measurement of cardiac myxoma, with J-PET detector is presented in this paper. Obtained o-Ps lifetime for tumor tissue is equal to 2:03(01)[ns] and its intensity 25:7(1)%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon germanium nanowire has varieties of applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics due to technological advances. Nowadays, Computational Material Science is evolving because computer simulation is a tool to get insight about the properties of materials at atomic or molecular level which is used to predict and/or verify experiments. This is considered as a bridge between theory and experiment. In this paper, silicon germanium square nanowire having simulation length of 97.74 A0 is simulated by Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. Empirical interatomic potential used is Stillinger Weber potential. For canonical ensemble, effect of temperatures on thermal conductivity of silicon germanium square nanowire is studied [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of new polymer composite materials (FRP - fiber reinforcement plastic) in superstructes of suspension bridges requires a detailed consideration of design problems at the junction of aerodynamics, structural mechanics and materials science. The paper investigates the aerodynamic characteristics of the FPR pedestrian suspension bridge span. Thermoanemometric studies showed that the structure can be subject to vortex induced vibrations. To eliminate the aeroelastic vibrations which are a characteristic of this bridge span, several variants of dampers in the form of rectangular shields and rectangular plates were investigated. As a result of optimization of the damper parameters, the amount of vibration energy in the wake has been reduced to values less than 32%. Also perforation of the sides of lower beams and railings can be considered a very effective way of damping vibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beamline commissioning activities at the Sub-micron Resolution Spectroscopy Beamline, SRX, one of the project beamlines of the National Synchrotron Light Source II, began in December 2014. SRX is a hard x-ray microprobe beamline. The technical capabilities presented in this paper include scanning micro-fluorescence microscopy (µ- XRF) and x-ray absorption near-edge structure (µ-XANES) spectroscopy. The high flux KBs station with sub-micron resolution in the step-scanning mode has been commissioned with results presented in this paper. Capabilities under commissioning/planning include XRF-XANES stack imaging, a high resolution station (sub-100 nm), x-ray fluorescence tomography, integration of Maia detector, and fly-scan mode. Early science commissioning results from SRX in the materials science field are presented in this paper. Topics being studied include nanoporous materials for energy conversion/storage, thin film materials for electronics, degradation of paint materials for art conservation, and grain boundary segregation in structural materials. On December 7th 2015, SRX officially became a user-operational beamline and started accepting general users. The users of interest are encouraged to contact the beamline staff and submit General User Proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beamline commissioning activities at the Sub-micron Resolution Spectroscopy Beamline, SRX, one of the project beamlines of the National Synchrotron Light Source II, began in December 2014. SRX is a hard x-ray microprobe beamline. The technical capabilities presented in this paper include scanning micro-fluorescence microscopy (µ- XRF) and x-ray absorption near-edge structure (µ-XANES) spectroscopy. The high flux KBs station with sub-micron resolution in the step-scanning mode has been commissioned with results presented in this paper. Capabilities under commissioning/planning include XRF-XANES stack imaging, a high resolution station (sub-100 nm), x-ray fluorescence tomography, integration of Maia detector, and fly-scan mode. Early science commissioning results from SRX in the materials science field are presented in this paper. Topics being studied include nanoporous materials for energy conversion/storage, thin film materials for electronics, degradation of paint materials for art conservation, and grain boundary segregation in structural materials. On December 7th 2015, SRX officially became a user-operational beamline and started accepting general users. The users of interest are encouraged to contact the beamline staff and submit General User Proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the Collaborative Research Centre 1153 “Tailored Forming“ a process chain for the manufacturing of hybrid high performance components is developed. Exemplary process steps consist of deposit welding of high performance steel on low-cost steel, pre-shaping by cross-wedge rolling and finishing by milling. Hard material coatings such as Stellite 6 or Delcrome 253 are used as wear or corrosion protection coatings in industrial applications. Scientists of the Institute of Material Science welded these hard material alloys onto a base material, in this case C22.8, to create a hybrid workpiece. Scientists of the Institut für Integrierte Produktion Hannover have shown that these hybrid workpieces can be formed without defects (e.g. detachment of the coating) by cross-wedge rolling. After forming, the properties of the coatings are retained or in some cases even improved (e.g. the transition zone between base material and coating). By adjustments in the welding process, it was possible to apply the 100Cr6 rolling bearing steel, as of now declared as non-weldable, on the low-cost steel C22.8. 100Cr6 was formed afterwards in its hybrid bonding state with C22.8 by cross-wedge rolling, thus a component-integrated bearing seat was produced. Even after welding and forming, the rolling bearing steel coating could still be quench-hardened to a hardness of over 60 HRC. This paper shows the potential of forming hybrid billets to tailored parts. Since industrially available standard materials can be used for hard material coatings by this approach, even though they are not weldable by conventional methods, it is not necessary to use expensive, for welding designed materials to implement a hybrid component concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to numerically reflect mineral-asphalt mixture structure by a standard FEM software. Laboratory test results are presented due to bending tests of circular notched elements. The result scatter is relatively high. An attempt was made to form a random aggregate distribution in order to obtain various results corresponding to laboratory tests. The material structure calibration, its homogenization and finite element dimensioning are the issues decisive for the objective mixture description. The representative volume element (RVE) is investigated here, while it does not precisely reflect the material structure it displays relevant global material parameters. The simulation procedure applied here makes it possible to introduce the name of Monte Carlo simulation-based constitutive model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for predicting the residual life of structures made of polymer composite materials (PCM) using a structured phenomenological model. In the developed algorithm for estimating the residual life of PCM structures under cyclic loading, it is proposed to use the explicit description of the process of destruction of adhesive layers. The implementation of the algorithm is accomplished in the APDL language in ANSYS Mechanical. The algorithm and the program are tested on a flange type design. Based on the results of numerical experiments, the area of damage is identified. The service life is determined, as well as the allowable value of the PCM flange stiffness drop under cyclic loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the destruction specifics of main gas pipelines (MG) on welded joints and their relation to the technology of construction welding of non-rotating joints of pipes at temperatures of down to −35 ... −50 °С in field environment. It is demonstrated that the metal of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) significantly softens under welding with specified values of qh (heat input), kJ/m, of the pipe joints of a gas pipeline in the conditions of the North. Herewith, in-service defects and cracks tend to appear in welded joints of pipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main problems in control is that the overwhelming number of physical quantities cannot be measured directly. Hence, there arise so-called inverse problems on the determination of physical quantities from the results of their manifestations. In the mechanics of a deformable solid there is a problem of obtaining material properties at all stages of deformation and especially at the overcritical stage. In this paper, we formulate and solve the inverse problem of finding the tensile diagram of a material element from the diagram of the dependence of the bending moment on the curvature of a rectangular beam under pure bending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the structures of structural steel for railway transport 1566 and tool steel w1-7 are investigated. For the analysis of the structures of these steels, two techniques are used: traditional optical microscopy (Neophot-21) and ASM (Solver PH47-PRO) with use of a contact method. The microstructure of the steels is studied after complete annealing. The temperature of complete annealing for structural steel 1566 is 770–790 °С. The annealing temperature for tool steel w1-7 is 760–780 °C. The atomic force analysis of the structure of the steels is carried out using different modes. The prospects of using atomic force microscopy in solving theoretical and applied problems of modern metallurgy are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the effect of ultrasonic forging of the surface layers of linear friction welded joints of the VT8-1 titanium alloy on their fatigue life. Low-cycle fatigue tests report a 2.5-fold increase in the service life of the welded joint after ultrasonic forging of its surface layers. The fractographic analysis of the fracture surfaces shows that, after ultrasonic forging, cracks initiate from the lateral surface of a specimen and have a radial front without river markings and with scarcely visible tear ridges. The microrelief of the initiation and growth zone of the main crack indicates a more ductile pattern of the fatigue crack growth in the material after ultrasonic forging. Ultrasonic forging of the surface layers of the VT8-1 welded joint increases its fatigue life and presents an effective method for improving the service life of welded joints, thus excluding a complex thermomechanical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a shear strength model used to evaluate information of interest from shock experiments aimed at studying the properties of the hardened 30KhGSA steel and the MA14 magnesium alloy subjected to low- and high-intensity loadings. The model parameters are adjusted by experimental deformation curves obtained from static and dynamic tests at different temperatures and the data from shock experiments to account for strength variation at high strain rates. The simulation of low-intensity loading tests helped to improve the description of elastic-plastic properties and to adjust our failure model. The data from the shock experiments with high-intensity loading of 30KhGSA steel samples and unloading of the shocked samples in window materials were used to verify the phase diagram and the kinetics of direct and inverse phase transitions, and to determine more exactly how the changed phase state influences the strength. The model presented here has allowed us to reproduce the complicated strength behavior of the MA14 alloy at different loading intensities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the development and approbation of a computational model of damage accumulation in a vertical steel tank at the non-uniform foundation subsidence. The object of research is structure behavior at the survivability stage, namely, the character and sequence of damage initiation and accumulation (elastic-plastic strain, bottom and wall buckling) in the tank structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]