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The STEAM interdisciplinary integrated-thematic curriculum with engineering design is the main concept of the 12-year basic education curricula of Technology. This research is based on the engineering design orientation as a teaching strategy, developing project for paper mechanism, and implementing Living Technology courses for gifted high school students in Taiwan to test the teaching effectiveness. In the project, students need to integrate the theory, using engineering design process methods, performing work prediction and evaluation, prototyping experiments and trial work, and finally optimizing the work and improving the design. The results of the present study facilitate us get deeper understanding of the practical implementation and engineering thinking skills of gifted students. Suggestions based on the results were generated to improve the future Living Technology curriculum. The findings in this study serve as a reference for the future design, development, and implementation of STEAM curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT. This paper conveys outcome of the theoretical and empirical implementation of Strategic Marketing, within scope of Asians, including Indonesian as its Stakeholders. As background information, the sustainability has been elaborated merely as asymmetrical aspects in one of the following Trilogy of People-Profit-Planet, instead of Penta Helix Perspectives. Purpose of the study and its purpose, technically refer to the anthropometric characteristics of Asian, to adapt its Strategic Marketing, within Engineering Multidisciplinary and Stakeholder Perspective. In order to elaborate Sustainable Product and Service Systems Engineering; this paper elaborates Quantitative Approach, and to some extent ready for the Mixed Methods; in order to arrive at decision making on the best strategy in strategic marketing toward Asians' Stakeholder. As Conclusion, specific attention is focused on the Strategic Marketing on particular Promotion Table. In addition to that, the conclusion that Future Research is suggested to be constantly updated, in order to adapt to continual Anthropometric of Asians Characteristics. Ultimately, The aforementioned Sustainability is intertwined with multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering (IE), Architecture (ARC) and Product Design Engineering (PDE) on Strategic Marketing (SM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduce the comprehensive overview of the Arithmetic Optimizer Algorithm (AOA). Laith Abualigah et.al introduced novel meta-heuristic approached of AOA by arithmetically modelled and executed to implement the optimization developments in an extensive array of spaces. The review included the application and variants of Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm to solve complicated engineering problems. To showcase its applicability the performance of AOA is checked by the Laith Abualigah et.al on 29 benchmark functions and actual world engineering design problems. This review paper also given the idea how AOA has been evaluated by the analysis of enactment, convergence performances and the computational involvedness. This paper also review all the experimental results of AOA which are tested on the different uni-modal and multimodal benchmarks functions and also review the usefulness of AOA for solving the challenging engineering optimization problems compared with others optimization algorithms. This paper also covers all the parameters values that has been used for the comparative algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aim to improve the product design process by using DFMA method. Through the applied DFMA, the production cost of manufacturing and assembly time can be reduced as well as improving the efficiency of laser jet printer. Laser jet printer is a commonly used in our daily lives. Using DFMA method in making laser jet printer is becoming and attractive prospect in satisfying the basic need for human that search for a good product and price. Laser jet printer was selected as to reduce prices in markets where the part count is reduced by DFMA method. Lack of analysis of DFMA on laser jet printer which limits the sources to the student design to understand for the complex product or product with large number of components. The current design of laser jet printer had been analyzed the design for manufacture and assembly to get the design efficiency and to reduce the parts as well as the cost of production and manufacturing time. Then, come out with some improvement (redesign) of the design in an efficient way. The main objective of this project is to analyse design efficiency of the current design of laser jet printer. CAD software which is CATIA V5R20 has been used for the proposed new design. Finally, the new design of laser jet printer will be compared with the existing design from aspect of part quantity, handling time, assembly time and design efficiency. As the results for assembly time, the improvement was 2.04% where the time was reduced from 1143.25s to 1119.91s and the design efficiency was increased 0.20% from 10.80% to 11.00%. As a conclusion, by using Boothroyd-Dewhurst DFMA method, the aimed improvement were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the prototyping of objects. Rapid prototyping is becoming increasingly important in mechanical and industrial design engineering. This study looks at how commercial CAD programming products can be used to model 3D objects for rapid composite prototype construction using the layer-by-layer method. Rapid prototyping (RP), commonly known as 3D printing or solid freeform fabrication (SFF), is a technology and apparatus that allows physical items to be made immediately from solid models developed in CAD utilizing additive layer manufacturing processes without the use of tooling or fixtures. Traditional CNC machining techniques, on the other hand, can be modified to do everything from high-precision metal cutting to fast milling of light materials, making them ideal for rapid prototyping and it assists in the development of projects and ideas prior to execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are developing fluorescent probes to obtain dynamic two-dimensional pressure maps of shocked microstructured materials. We have fabricated silica nano- or micro-spheres doped with rhodamine 6G dye (R6G) which fluoresce strongly, and which may be dispersed throughout a microstructured sample. Alternatively we can grow thin skin layers of dye-doped silica on the surface of particles. The emissive microspheres were embedded in poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and were excited by a quasi-continuous laser. When the samples were shocked to 3-8.4 GPa using laser-driven flyer plates, the emission redshifted and lost intensity. When encapsulating the dye in silica, the emission became brighter and the intensity-loss response became fast enough to monitor nanosecond shock effects. Preliminary data are reported showing the intensity loss in a shocked microstructured medium, an artificial sand, consisting of dye-coated silica microspheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conventional process design lifecycle starts with a screening process of alternative chemical reaction pathways until the detailed design of the entire plant. During the design of the process, mainly the flow diagram of the process, errors may arise due to wrong decisions and basis made such as unsuitable process condition, construction material and etc., which will later cause problems to the following stages of the process lifecycle. Despite the availability of various methods, a proper detailed framework which guides users in selecting the appropriate method for their safety assessment based on input data availability is still missing. Therefore, this paper aims to address the above issue by proposing a systematic framework for safety assessment based on process information generated from PFDs during the preliminary design stage. The research on R & D and basic engineering design is currently on-going to develop the entire framework and will be presented in other papers. Technically, the framework is developed based on the methods screened to be suitable for application within the PFD-based context in any chemical processing plant. The framework also provides recommendations on the strategies for reducing the safety hazard and risk in the process in the respective design stage. A case study on process design of biorefineries is conducted to illustrate the functionality and benefit of the proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to discuss the scalability study carried out in birds and flapping wing micro air vehicle. The discussed parameter is Flapping wing frequency as dependent variable.The independent variable during research are mass, area and wing span. To find the relationship among dependent and independent variable, a training data set of 48 birds and micro air vehicle were collected from different researches. The relationships were formulated using multiple linear regression and principle component techniques and were then compared with different past proposed relationships for estimating flapping wing frequency. The software used to develop models was Minitab V17. The evaluation methodology used in this paper is based on model evaluation techniques that is using different criterion such as Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), Index of agreement, Ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR), Percent bias (PBIAS) and Relative efficiency of NSE & Index of agreement. In addition to model evaluation methods, model validation is also conducted using a test data set to determine the accuracy of developed models. The proposed model in this paper has performed significantly better than previous models and in both tests that is model evaluation and validation. The proposed model is more accurate is fitting the training as well as test data sets. The selection of model after application of model evaluation criteria's, was done using Pugh matrix methodology. The proposed model can be taken as the foundation for future research in this stream and utilized in improving the design efficiency of engineering products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research elaborates outcome of both theoretical and empirical implementation of Sustainable Product Design Engineering vis-à-vis Drones within Civilian and Military Scopes. As background information, the common aspects consist of 3D Printing Technology and Big Data. The principal purpose of the study is to articulate the role of Product Design Engineering on Drones in Digital Transformation. The Scope of this research refers to drones with remote sensing technology, known as unmanned robots of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and unmanned surface vehicle (USV). In term of methodology, this research capitalizes quantitative approach. This study emphasizes the most important study result in term on the wide spectrum of drones using Vertical Take Off Landing (VTOL), in which Product Design Engineering (PDE) is its centre stage of this study. Precisely, the most important study result of this research refers to the Digital Transformation using simulation strategy based upon simulation software. Nowadays, The Digital Era has opened wider implementation of Drones in both Civilian and Military Perspectives. Precisely, as conclusion from last decade and incoming years, drones are not merely used in military warfare and military defense, but also in wide array of civilian for the benefit of humankinds, in the following, but not limited vis-à-vis individual hobby, community purpose, company's delivery ways, disaster prevention and aid, including medical purpose and surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR) is the next device for the Chinese magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) program which aims to bridge the gaps between the fusion experiment ITER and the demonstration reactor DEMO. CFETR will use either the hybrid or the steady-state plasma operating scenario to generate over 1 GW of fusion power. ICRF is a key H&CD system which will play a very important role for CFETR. The ICRF system will deliver 30MW of RF power to the plasma with frequency in the range 40-90MHz using an ITER-Like antenna through located in a mid-plan port. The concept and engineering design of CFETR ICRF system have been carried out and progresses have been made. To establish a solid technical base for a successful construction of CFETR, a national big science facility aiming at developing key technologies and systems for CFETR, called Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT), has been approved by the Chinese government. The construction of CRAFT has started. This paper reports on the conceptual design of the ICRF system for CFETR; it describes the potential of heating schemes, and describes the design activities of the high-power RF sources, transmission lines and ITER-type antenna. The status of the R&D for key CFETR ICRF system components is presented, and the strategy to test the system in the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern age, the scarcity of available free land and land prices surges along with the wide spread of civilization has made the architects and engineers to develop the cities vertically. For vertical growth, we have to construct tall building. It is a task of a structural engineer to design the desired building stand stable throughout its life. There are various structural systems for tall buildings to resist lateral forces, among them diagrid system is selected for this study. Diagrid is an exterior structural system which provides resistance to the lateral forces by axial actions of diagonals provided in periphery. In this paper, optimum angle Ø for diagrid structure is calculated considering an angle interval of 15°. The resulted optimum angle for diagrid structure is compared with an 18-storey simple conventional structure and braced frame structure. The structural parameters considered for comparison are storey displacement, storey drift, storey shear, axial load, material consumption. It is observed that diagrid structure is more efficient than other structural system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper illustrates some result of the efforts in ITAM SB RAS in designing an engineering tool LOTRAN 3.0 integrated with the ANSYS Fluent for predicting the position of the laminar-turbulent transition in compressible fully three-dimensional boundary layers. The paper presents some validation results for the laminar- turbulent transition in fully three-dimensional boundary layer of a prolate spheroid located at an angle of attack to the oncoming flow. The integration means a transformation of LOTRAN 3.0 into a laminar-turbulent transition module, i.e., the development and implementation of interfaces and algorithms of data exchange, which would allow the LOTRAN 3.0 and ANSYS Fluent software to communicate in an automated regime. It is demonstrated that the module provides an adequate prediction of the transition position as compared with published data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes methods of research and calculation of optimal auger configuration for grain harvesting machinery. The main types of loading on auger supports are analysed when changing auger diameter, pitch, direction and type of helical spiral. The dynamic unbalance of long screw augers is studied. Proposals for the general balancing of the auger during its working operations are formed in order to reduce vibration, noise and increase the service life of the machine. Calculations, methods of determination of technological imbalances, as well as their connection with manufacturing accuracy have formed the basis for creation of information platforms for automated engineering design of highly reliable screws. Proposals for calculation of the main geometrical parameters of screws are formulated. The algorithm of construction of automated calculation processes for selection of optimum geometrical characteristics of long screws on the basis of the received frequency equations and formulas is developed, and also the programme allowing on the basis of available computer technologies to make repeated calculations of critical rotation frequencies of system "long screw supports" at one-time calculation of the screw released from supports is created. A number of proposed design solutions of the elastic-linked suspension of the auger, providing the best characteristics of vibration damping, proposed and implemented in the research work allowed to reduce the level of vibrations transmitted from the auger to the machine structure through the rigid suspension by 15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architectures in some cases are required to provide large opening spaces in the commercial building for Auditoriums, Conference halls e.t.c., it throws a challenge to the structural engineers to design a structure for such situat ions and also structure should be able to withstand during the horizontal forces like seismic forces. This paper aims to study the seismic behaviour of existing irregular structure which is modelled by removing the intermediate columns in large opening spaces & modelling it with three different types of slabs (Conventional slabs, Waffle slabs & Composite slabs), the response spectrum analysis results of all the three models are compared with each other. A G+8 irregular building is modelled in ETABS 2018 software which is having a total height of 25 m and analysed according to IS 1893:2016 code specifications. The results have shown that seismic force on the conventional slab structure is 20% higher than the waffle slab structure and 17% higher than the composite slab structure. After comparing response spectrum analysis results of three different models, it is observed that behaviour of composite slab (Steel & Concrete) structure shown good results when compared to the remaining two types of structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the analysis carried out on an automobile sub-assembly to identify any scope of improvement in the design from the viewpoint of its assembly. The paper demonstrates the successful application of DFA techniques through the Boothroyd Dewhurst DFA method and the DFA Analysis worksheet developed by Cummins's tools. We used Design for Assembly (DFA) principles as a tool to analyze the design of the "Thermostat housing (Coolant-elbow)". We looked to optimize the subassembly with focus on reducing the number of parts, improving handling and ease of assembly. The sub-assembly over which this analysis is performed is the Thermostat housing (Coolant elbow) of a 4 wheeled production vehicle (Maruti Suzuki Swift). Through the analysis we were able to engineer design changes that generated a sustainable design with 20% reduction in the number of parts, improvements in handling and insertion indexes and reduction of assembly time and cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the area of arable land in China has been decreasing year by year. This is in sharp contrast to the massive infrastructure construction program. This raises a question: how to make full use of limited land resources for large-scale construction. Fortunately, the sustainability concept has been increasingly accepted to be a key aspect of engineering design and construction. Based on this important background, concepts of foundation treatment technology development are introduced in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a lower-bound limit analysis procedure that conducts sequential Cell-based Smoothed Finite Element (CS-FE) analyses within an effective elastic compensation method to assess the ultimate loading capacity well-known as a limit load of perfectly-plastic engineering structures. In essence, the one-subcell version of the four-node CS-FEM which addresses the incompressibility locking issue with ease is adopted. This is of great importance as the criss-cross typed meshes are no longer mandatory such as those would be required when using linear three-node elements. Additionally, the present iterative modulus variation procedure enhanced by stress recovery techniques allows the yield conformity to be satisfied over an entire Q4 element through a series of elastic solving analyses resulting in the stability and fast convergence of collapse loads. Consequently, step-by-step intricate inelastic analyses are eliminated, and hence the computational cost is significantly lower. Two numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed yield design approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reverse engineering has previously been used extensively in industrial settings and a variety of other disciplines with interest. Reverse engineering (technology) is a course of picking the current show and reconstructs its surface calculation in 3D information record with a computer-supported plan, scientifically termed as computer-aided-design (CAD) framework. This paper examines and analyzes the circumstance in detail applicable to modern plants and gives similar investigation of the application of present estimating techniques and plausibility of consolidating computerized estimation. The reverse engineering depends on a technique for taking less season of measurement and displaying of machine-driven parts which are intricate by math. In this work a case study was conducted with realistic instances of parts that are delivered in a manufacture processing plant by using coordinate-measuring-machine and Solidwork software was used to create the strategy. Suggestion for digitalization in each sector was implemented and will be of critical significance for each organization for its own evaluation and activities in evolving quality assurance, (QA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates integrating model representation descriptions in the form of charts and specifications at the stage of automated systems infological modeling, developed in order to solve design tasks on the methodology for automating intellectual labor (MAIT). In the process of creating the automated system on the basis of MAIT there were developed the following model representations: initial, conceptual, infological and datalogical. The infological model representation is invariant to the software and hardware environment and implementation means. The description of infological model representation includes the following forms (specifications) and charts: for a static component – P1 and P2, the chart of infological structure; for a dynamic component – P3 and P4, the chart depicting a system of subject accesses; for a functional component – P5 and P6, the chart depicting a system of subject manipulations; P8 and the matrix chart showing the model as a whole, including static, functional and dynamic components coordination. The features of building diagrams and the formation of specifications when creating an infological structure are investigated, on the basis of which a method and technique for integrating descriptions of static components for model-projects of automated systems that perform computational tasks in the design of mechanical engineering objects are determined. The article provides the integration of descriptions in the form of diagrams and specifications for the static components of infological model views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the design reliability of the double layer porous asphalt pavement, the 3D seepage finite element method was used to study the drainage capacity of double layer PAC pavements with different geometric parameters. It revealed that the effect of pavement drainage length, slope, permeability coefficient and structure design on the drainage capacity. The research of this paper can provide reference for the design of double layer porous asphalt pavement in different rainfall intensity areas, and provide guides for the related engineering design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents novel ideas in numerical design of mixing elements in single-screw extruders. The actual design process is reformulated as a shape optimization problem, given some functional, but possibly inefficient initial design. Thereby automatic optimization can be incorporated and the design process is advanced, beyond the simulation-supported, but still experience-based approach. This paper proposes concepts to extend a method which has been developed and validated for die design to the design of mixing-elements. For simplicity, it focuses on single-phase flows only. The developed method conducts forward-simulations to predict the quasi-steady melt behavior in the relevant part of the extruder. The result of each simulation is used in a black-box optimization procedure based on an efficient low-order parameterization of the geometry. To minimize user interaction, an objective function is formulated that quantifies the products’ quality based on the forward simulation. This paper covers two aspects: (1) It reviews the set-up of the optimization framework as discussed in [1], and (2) it details the necessary extensions for the optimization of mixing elements in single-screw extruders. It concludes with a presentation of first advances in the unsteady flow simulation of a metering and mixing section with the SSMUM [2] using the Carreau material model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical studies of the reliability of gear mechanisms are the basis for laboratory testing of machine components. Designs of gear mechanisms shall meet all the necessary quality requirements. The calculation of the reliability indicators of the gear mechanism of a two-stage gearbox of KGT-4RS hybrid road-rail backhoe loader will allow to find the probability of no-failure operation PH by the criterion of contact fatigue resistance. The purpose of the study is to carry out a theoretical calculation of the reliability indicators of the gear mechanism of a two-stage gearbox of KGT-4RS hybrid road-rail backhoe loader. The object of the study is the reliability of the gear mechanism of a two-stage gearbox of KGT-4RS hybrid road-rail backhoe loader. Scientific novelty of the paper. Application of theoretical studies of the reliability of the gear mechanism of the two-stage gearbox of KGT-4RS hybrid road-rail backhoe loader will increase in the future percentage PN during additional laboratory tests. Practical Significance of the Study. The method for calculating the coefficients of variation, the quantile of the normal distribution and the probability of failure-free operation by the criterion of contact fatigue resistance will allow engineers to improve the design and operating parameters of the gear mechanism, increase the life of the two-stage gearbox of the KGT-4RS machine to the maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates various interpretation criteria for barrette piles under drained loading conditions. Load test results were gathered and employed for the analysis in order to determine the utilization and application of these interpretation criteria to barrette piles under specific loading conditions. In addition, the interrelationships of the load and the displacement for each of the interpretation criteria were analyzed. A normalized load-displacement curve under drained loading was then determined in order to assess the corresponding mean displacements at which each of these interpretation criterion's loads are mobilizing along the curve. Statistical analysis was also applied to determine the consistency and reliability of each of the interpretation criteria. A normalized load-displacement equation for barrette piles under drained loading condition was also calculated to be utilized and recommended for engineering practice and design of barrette piles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with repeatedly neighbouring plant varieties problem in Alpha design, especially in damage-resistant Alpha design introduced in [1]. Simulation study is employed for this purpose and damage-resistant Alpha design is compared to original Alpha design from the repeatedly neighbouring plant varieties point of view. Number of repeatedly neighbouring plant varieties is slightly but systematically higher in damage-resistant Alpha design than for original Alpha design, but there is considerable space to restrict damage-resistant Alpha design to reduce this number under satisfactory limit in many cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ROBIN is a single RF driver based negative ion test bed currently in operation at IPR, Gandhinagar, India. To understand and have deeper insights of physical phenomena, several diagnostics have been interfaced with ROBIN system. To quantify the negative ion density, laser photo detachment (LPD) diagnostic is configured. LPD at ROBIN is based on single high power Nd:YAG laser which has a pulse width of 3 ns and repetition rate of 20 Hz. Successful integration of LPD needs control on laser energy, precise triggering and detection of weak signals. Precise triggering has two aspects. One is to control laser energy via a delay between the flash lamp and Q-switch pulses; the second is to trigger it in phase with the 1 MHz RF signal. This required a triggering system which can work with an accuracy of few nanoseconds. A triggering and synchronization system (TSS) based on a custom field programmable gate array(FPGA) is designed and integrated in order to assure reliable and synchronized operation of the laser. Precise delay between laser pulses is necessary to obtain appropriate laser energy and to prevent the active Nd:YAG rod medium from thermal damage. In order to synchronize the laser operation with 1 MHz RF, Rogowskii coil based peak detection is used and interfaced with TSS. The LPD setup is HV referenced; hence the interfaces were designed with optical isolation. Another challenge is to detect weak signals from the LPD probe. For this, a custom low-noise pre-amplifier circuit is designed to measure signal in the range of 1-2 mA in the presence of large RF noise. The engineering solution designed for LPD interface contains mix of analog and digital systems. The TSS is based on a low cost FPGA platform, with custom analog-based interfaces. The unit has been integrated without using any specific commercial system for the desired goal. The data from diagnostic is being currently analysed. This paper presents the details regarding the design of interfacing electronics of the LPD, along with some test results. In addition, the FPGA firmware, the control software and signal acquisition process are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the schematic design process in the embedded computing industry using Continuous Improvement (CI) approach, which the design department or section of a manufacturing concern, particularly in electronics and embedded systems. For the manufacturer, the research function helps develop new products or useful design modifications to an existing product range and development activity, which is basically an engineering function aimed to converting the research concept into a viable product, is known as an Research and Development (R&D) activity and sometimes it may be associated with design engineering as a project design and development function. Quality is a never-ending quest and Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) is a never-ending effort to discover and eliminate the main causes of problems. It accomplishes this by using small-steps improvements, rather than implementing one huge improvement. This report reviews some CI methodologies that have application in research and design process, concentrating on CI to ensure that the physical design output is error free and meeting customer satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates and analysing the reduction of the total number of car phone holder components and its possibilities towards the design sustainability. The analysis setup is used Design for Manufacturing Assembly (DFMA), Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) for the purposes mentioned above. It was found that the total number of components was reduced by 67.9% using DFMA. Sustainability analysis proves that the redesign of the car phone holder was able to reduce the environmental impact throughout the overall design. The FEA analysis also revealed that the redesigned product could be support by the different weight of the phone load. This approach is essential to the designer and design engineer to identify product sustainability at the initial phase of the design process, especially during conceptual design for a better product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the design and engineering analysis of a low-cost coconut peeling machine for small medium-sized enterprise. The aim of the design was to develop a machine that could remove the exterior coconut husk in a hexagonal form. The concept adopted was based on vertical trimmings and the mechanism composed of blades, and holder to clamp the young coconut. By using finite element analysis, the viability of the proposed design for the coconut peeler machine and its mechanical systems were examined. The effect of loading and the rupture force on the holders were also analysed. In addition, the cost estimation was calculated and compared with the market price. Finally, the optimized body frame was examined and optimization was done to minimize the weight of the overall structure without compromising on cost and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even supposing the technology is promoting little by little, many of the industrial operations are not advance till the finishing point their depreciation epoch due to either ignorant of cost and time reserves or inattention or overlooked. A scientific suggestion not only needs to highlight for the updating the system of manufacturing, but also needs to figure-out cost of loss in all aspects for non-upgrade of the facility. It can be done in the industrial management that to form Small Group Activity team to recognize such fatalities and remedies to resolve them. This paper discusses preparation of such valid proposal for a leading industry in Tamil Nadu. The case study belongs to a proposal of replacement machines as their depreciation period got over in an assembly plant of a largest and leading automobile manufacturer. The objective this research is to prepare the valid proposal to procure the equipment with necessary upgrades. The six sigma's ECRS methodology is employed and majorly governs for this investigation. This study included the process evaluation, conceptual design, basic engineering design, computer aided design and validation, cost analysis. The effectiveness is verified and presented in this paper. The proposed machine reduced 70.27% of processing time, 39.02% of equipment cost and 70.25% cost per piece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential component of the vehicle is the driver seat. The expectation of the customer is increasing continuously to get a comfortable position for driving. The design of seat in an automobile has always been a challenging feat for engineers due to its complexity. The design engineer has to consider the fact that it must satisfy specific design objectives. The primary goals to be considered for design are safety, comfort, and small space. Driver seat recommendations of an automobile preferably of passenger cars are reviewed concerning Indian anthropometry. In this paper, the importance is given to fit parameters related to anthropometric measurements and particular attention of support parameters that deal with the posture of the occupant. The feel parameter is also taken into account during the designing process of the seat. The RULA analysis of the designed seat is carried out to check the comfortability of the driver. The design is done by taking account the people which accommodate the members of the population who lie between the 5th percentile female to 95th percentile male values of Indian manikin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper outlines a possible approach to typology recognition, safety check analyses and/or damage measuring taking advantage by a multimedia tool (MEDEA), tracing a guided procedure useful for seismic safety check evaluation and post event macroseismic assessment. A list of the possible collapse mechanisms observed in the post event surveys on masonry structures and a complete abacus of the damages are provided in MEDEA. In this tool a possible combination between a set of damage typologies and each collapse mechanism is supplied in order to improve the homogeneity of the damages interpretation. On the other hand recent researches of one of the author have selected a number of possible typological vulnerability factors of masonry buildings, these are listed in the paper and combined with potential collapse mechanisms to be activated under seismic excitation. The procedure takes place from simple structural behavior models, derived from the Umbria-Marche earthquake observations, and tested after the San Giuliano di Puglia event; it provides the basis either for safety check analyses of the existing buildings or for post-event structural safety assessment and economic damage evaluation. In the paper taking advantage of MEDEA mechanisms analysis, mainly developed for the post event safety check surveyors training, a simple logic path is traced in order to approach the evaluation of the masonry building safety check. The procedure starts from the identification of the typological vulnerability factors to derive the potential collapse mechanisms and their collapse multipliers and finally addresses the simplest and cheapest strengthening techniques to reduce the original vulnerability. The procedure has been introduced in the Guide Lines of the Regione Campania for the professionals in charge of the safety check analyses and the buildings strengthening in application of the national mitigation campaign introduced by the Ordinance of the Central Government n. 3362/03. The main cases of out of plane mechanisms are analyzed and a possible innovative theory for masonry building vulnerability assessment, based on limit state analyses, is outlined. The paper report the first step of a research granted by the Department of the Civil Protection to Reluis within the research program of Line 10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a component-level detection methodology for system identification and change detection is discussed. The methodology is based on non-parametric, data-driven, stochastic system identification classifications using statistical pattern recognition techniques. In order to validate the methodology discussed in this paper an experimental study was performed using a complex nonlinear magneto-rheological (MR) damper. The results of this study show that the proposed methodology is very promising to detect interpret changes in critical structural components such as nonlinear springs joints as well as various types of dampers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of displacement based approaches for earthquake engineering design appears to be very useful and capable to provide improved reliability by directly comparing computed response and expected structural performance. In particular, the design procedure known as the Direct Displacement Based Design (DDBD) method, which has been developed in structural engineering over the past ten years in the attempt to mitigate some of the deficiencies in current force-based design methods, has been shown to be very effective and promising ([1], [2]). The first attempts of application of the procedure to geotechnical engineering and, in particular, earth retaining structures are discussed in [3], [4] and [5]. However in this field, the outcomes of the research need to be further investigated in many aspects. The paper focuses on the application of the DDBD method to anchored diaphragm walls. The results of the DDBD method are discussed in detail in the paper, and compared to those obtained from conventional pseudo-static analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the technical monitoring of dynamics, scientific, technical support engineering research and design in the construction of unique buildings and structures. Scientific and technical support aims to develop and introduce new research methods to obtain the most accurate and reliable data. These data are essential for planning and management of construction projects with the dynamic characteristics of the system "control - object" and intrinsic characteristics of the object itself. The authors consider as an example of the road bridge in the city of Kamensk-located on the federal highway M-4 "Don". Determination of the design bending moments SPIKA performed with a computer program that allows you to get in a short time the actual performance facilities, except, quite old methods of construction examination projects. Thus, to facilitate the work and reduce the time which was spent on diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DEMO (Design Engineering Methodology for Organization) has its foundation in Enterprise Ontology and provides a strong theoretical foundation for business process modeling. Thanks to its theoretical background, the DEMO methodology has a good body of empirical appropriateness for many different areas of enterprise modeling. On the other hand, the DEMO methodology provides generic framework for business process modeling and doesn’t deal with domain specific artifacts. The aim of the paper is to contemplate and propose some ways how to utilize the DEMO potential for collaboration with other business process modeling methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of an ICRF antenna plug for ITER capable of radiating 20 MW and matched to the power source outside the machine vacuum is summarized in this paper and in a companion one. The present paper describes the general layout of the system and how the ELM resilience is obtained through a conjugate-T external matching network that uses robust adjustable components only outside the vacuum vessel. © 2003 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is a preface to the 2023 International Conference on Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering (ICCAEE 2023). The conference aimed to provide a platform for interdisciplinary discussions on recent developments in these fields. Out of 53 submissions, 25 papers were accepted after a rigorous review process. The conference featured notable experts from universities and research organizations, and the volume of proceedings focuses on addressing challenges and advancements in Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering. The preface expresses gratitude to reviewers, participants, invited speakers, and committee members for their contributions to the event. [Extracted from the article]

Firefly Algorithm is a recent swarm intelligence method, inspired by the social behavior of fireflies, based on their flashing and attraction characteristics [1, 2]. In this paper, we analyze the implementation of a dynamic penalty approach combined with the Firefly algorithm for solving constrained global optimization problems. In order to assess the applicability and performance of the proposed method, some benchmark problems from engineering design optimization are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an example of the evaluation of the stress-strain state of a complex building structure in the form of a 5000 m³ steel storage tank used by the petroleum industry. Problem complexity lies in the fact that we consider the structure which, due to its improper installation, has essential defects of a total area of 100 m² caused by the buckling in some zones of the steel strip rings of the tank. These imperfections reduce drastically the operation reliability and safety of the structure designed to withstand high operating loads. A cause of such defects and their contribution to the stress-strain state of the tank is the subject of our investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the blade arodynamic outline of a 100 kW horizontal axis wind turbine is designed based on the strip theory using low Reynolds number and high lift airfoils. A 1/34 scale model is used to investigate the aerodynamic performance of the prototype by means of wind tunnel test. Based on some similitude criterion and reasonable correction of arodynamic coefficient, the data of prototype can be deduced from the experimente data. Comparared with the theory analysis, the power output can reach the design performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulations and mathematical models are increasingly used to assist the process of decision making in engineering design. The objective of this paper is to simulate the linear attitude dynamics of small satellites under gravity gradient torque which is inherent in low earth orbit. The equations were first derived in their nonlinear form, and then manipulated and simulated in their linear form. Simulation results demonstrate the importance of choosing the appropriate values of satellite's moment of inertia in designing phase of a satellite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common approach for solving constrained optimization problems is based on penalty functions, where the constrained problem is transformed into a sequence of unconstrained problem by penalizing the objective function when constraints are violated. In this paper, we analyze the implementation of an adaptive penalty method, within the DIRECT algorithm, in which the constraints that are more difficult to be satisfied will have relatively higher penalty values. In order to assess the applicability and performance of the proposed method, some benchmark problems from engineering design optimization are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new scanning laser hear has been designed for measuring up to 6 degrees of freedom at a point. The scanning head is supported by a rotating hallowed shaft, which allows the laser beam to travel up to the scanning head. A set of two mirrors deflects the laser beam with an angle and the rotation of the scanning head produces a conical scan. This work shows that this device can perform a conical scan whose the very small circle scan, before and after the focus point, can measure up to 6 degrees of freedom; the paper focuses on the in-plane rotation. A validation of the novel scanning head is performed. This paper concludes with the presentation of a more compact design for the 6DOF scanning head, which is aimed for complex engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspection of steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants is extremely critical for safe operation of the power plant. In the nuclear industry, steam generator tube inspection using eddy current techniques has evolved over the years from a single bobbin coil, to rotating probe coil (RPC) and array probe, in an attempt to improve the speed and reliability of inspection. The RPC probe offers the accurate spatial resolution but involves complex mechanical rotation. This paper presents a novel design of eddy current probes based on rotating fields produced by three identical coils excited by a balanced three-phase supply. The sensor thereby achieves rotating probe functionality by electronic means and eliminates the need for mechanical rotation. The field generated by the probe is largely radial that result in induced currents that flow circularly around the radial axis and rotating around the tube at a synchronous speed effectively producing induced eddy currents that are multidirectional. The probe will consequently be sensitive to cracks of all orientations in the tube wall. The finite element model (FEM) results of the rotating fields and induced currents are presented. A prototype probe is being built to validate simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CYCLE consortium has been designing the ITER ICRF antenna since March 2010, supported by an F4E grant. Following a brief introduction to the consortium, this paper: describes the present status and layout of the design; highlights the key mechanical engineering features; shows the expected impact of cooling and radiation issues on the design and outlines the need for future R&D to support the design process. A key design requirement is the need for the mechanical design and analysis to be consistent with all requirements following from the RF physics and antenna layout optimisation. As such, this paper complements that of Durodie et al [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy rotor forgings for land-based power generation turbines and generators are inspected ultrasonically. Several decades ago the first inspections were conducted using manual, straight beam, contact transducers with simple, non-descript reporting requirements. The development of ultrasonic inspection capabilities, the change in design engineer requirements, improvements of fracture mechanics calculations, experience with turbine operation, experience with the inspection technology, and probability of detection drove the changes that have resulted in the current day inspection requirements: sizing technologies were implemented, detection limits were lowered, angle and pitch/catch (dual crystal) scans were introduced, and most recently automated equipment for the inspection was required. Due to all these changes, model based sizing techniques, like DGS, and modern ultrasonic techniques, like phased array, are being introduced globally. This paper describes the evolution of the ultrasonic inspection requirements over the last decades and presents an outlook for tomorrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article is intended to help all those, who now begin to work in the field of conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) and who have to select a right type of a detector. There exist a large number of specific engineering designs in each of the detector kind, which is impossible to cover in one paper. That is why we only try to outline basic classification and general survey of properties of individual CEMS detector kinds supplemented by references to its more detailed analysis. 57Fe is the most frequently used isotope in CEMS and thereby the paper is devoted to this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After 1908 Messina and Reggio Calabria earthquake the Italian scientific community produced a considerable effort, also as a consequence of two competitions. In both contests a Piedmont engineer, Arturo Danusso, prevailed. In this paper emphasis will be put on the suggested building layout and construction details, which are far ahead of their time. Moreover, the dynamic analysis of a linear elastic undamped single- and two-degree-of freedom system, proposed by Danusso and elsewhere already discussed, will be briefly mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After successful design and test of Shiraz 250 kW parabolic trough solar pilot plant it was decided to develop a commercial scale new parabolic trough collector. In this paper the process of basic and detail design, assumptions and also models used for optimal design will be discussed. Manufacturing of collector and installation of its' several parts and future activities will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, we discuss such unexpected features in the wave evolution in solids as a departure from self-similar development of the wave process which is accompanied with apparent sub-sonic wave propagation, changes of shape of elastic precursor wave as a result of variations in the material structure and the temperature, unexpected peculiarities of reflection of elastic-plastic waves from free surface, effects of internal friction at shock compression of glasses and some other effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]