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In this study, the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles (rGO-AgNPs) was carried out simultaneously by reducing graphene oxide and silver salts. The synthesized nanocomposites were successfully characterized by using UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Methyl Orange dye was used to study the adsorption efficiency of rGO-AgNPs nanocomposites. Parameters affecting the adsorption rate such as the effect of time and pH were investigated. The results showed that the rGO-AgNPs composite was effective in absorbing dyes of methyl orange for 3 hours with a degradation percentage of 15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superconductor is a material which when an electric current flows through it, it will not lose energy or can be said to have zero resistance at low temperatures. The manufacture of BaPb0.7Bi0.3O3 superconducting material by means of the solids method where the sample is processed through solid mixing then calcined and continued sintering at a temperature of 600, 610, 620, and 630°C for 12 hours. Then continued testing using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and superconductivity test using cryogenic. From the results of X-ray diffraction, the highest tetragonal structure was obtained at a sintering temperature of 610°C of 75.9% with a Tc value of 11.8 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superconductor is a material which when an electric current flows through it, it will not lose energy or can be said to have zero resistance at low temperatures. The manufacture of BaPb0.7Bi0.3O3 superconducting material by means of the solids method where the sample is processed through solid mixing then calcined and continued sintering at a temperature of 600, 610, 620, and 630°C for 12 hours. Then continued testing using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and superconductivity test using cryogenic. From the results of X-ray diffraction, the highest tetragonal structure was obtained at a sintering temperature of 610°C of 75.9% with a Tc value of 11.8 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radula is the feeding organ of gastropods (Mollusca). This organ is a long ribbon shaped that rolls up inside the buccal cavity, and is composed of tens to hundreds of teeth arranged in a transverse row. Morphological characters of radula have been used in the classification of gastropods at all taxonomic levels as their characteristics reflect inter− and intraspecific variations. Detailed descriptions of radular characters among gastropod species, therefore, provides essential information to identification. In this study, the radula of six Cerithiodean species of the families Pachychilidae (i.e., Sulcospira testudinaria, S. kawaluensis and Tylomelania toradjarum) and Thiaridae (i.e., Melanoides tuberculata, Stenomelania plicaria and S. punctata) were compared. The radula was extracted enzymatically using Proteinase-K and were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The six species studied have the taenioglossate type of radula with the formula 2-1-R-1-2. The radular characteristics that distinguish members of Pachychilidae from those of Thiaridae include the ribbon length, the glabella shape, and the marginal teeth structure. The pachychilid species have a longer ribbon (x̅ = 14.11-19.48 mm) compared with the thiarid species (x̅ = 2.93−4.16 mm). Moreover, pachychilid species have a narrow glabella with a convex basal shape and short marginal teeth, whereas thiarid species have a broad glabella with a flat basal shape and long marginal teeth. Each species in the present study shows radular variations in the number of rows as well as the shapes of teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The valve guides used in the engine head of the internal combustion engine should have excellent wear resistance properties. Grey cast iron is mostly used material for the manufacturing of the valve guides. In the present study grey cast iron GG25 has been investigated for wear characteristics under lubricated conditions. Wear performance is analyzed by varying loads from 30N to 50N and varying sliding speeds from 0.5m/s to 2m/s in wet medium SAE10W30 lubricant. The surface morphology and material composition of the experimental samples have been carried out using Scanning electron microscope coupled with EDS. It has been found that graphite layers along with external lubricant in cast iron GG25 added with copper 2.40 weight percent helps to minimize wear losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Austenitic stainless steel is well known for its superior corrosion resistance, but they lack hardness. To overcome the above problem, several case hardening processes such as nitride, carburizing, carbonitriding, nitrocarburizing and cyaniding were adopted. Chosen for this research work, AISI 310 were taken for the following dimension 8mm diameter and42 mm length respectively. The specimens were undergone with aqueous soluted salt bath treatment for 70 minutes, 130 minutes, and 190 minutes at 570°C and were named as SBT 1, SBT 2, SBT 3 respectively. An untreated sample is used for comparing the results with the processed ones. The specimens were subjected to wear test using pin-on disc tribometer. A load of 20N was applied against a disc rotation at a speed of 1000 rpm. Measurements of hardness were done using a Rockwell hardness machine. All the specimens were undergone with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for microstructural studies. A comparison study is made between all the samples and the better wear resistant sample is chosen for the required application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Martensitic stainless steel has less corrosion resistance, great hardness, wear resistance and strength, but absence of ductility. Therefore, annealing processes have been picked out to stabilize the property of ductility. The specimens were taken in the cylindrical shapefor a dimension of 42 mm length and 09 mm diameter. Later the specimens were annealed to a temperature of 723°C, 823°C, 923°C and were named as A1, A2 and A3 respectively. The untreated specimen is kept aside comparison of results. Wear test were undergone for all the specimens with the help of pin on disc wear testing machine. All the specimens were undergone through scanning electron microscope for changes in microstructure. The results were compared and the best specimens were chosen for the needed application. It was noted that, phase change from martensite stage to residual austenite were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uranium ore concentrate plays an essential role in the fabrication of uranium dioxide. Uranium ore concentrate as ammonium diuranate (ADU) is an intermediate nuclear material, making it one of the materials of concern in nuclear forensics. In industrial processes, ADU was dried at the temperature range of 120 – 400 °C and the calcination process in the temperature range of 400 – 850 °C, which allows for changes in morphology and structure. The final product is very dependent on the starting material. The ADU powder from the pilot conversion plant (PCP) – BRIN needed to be characterized for its fingerprint. Heat treatment was varied at 250 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C with an air atmosphere. Characterization included uranium content, morphological observations using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and revealing the phase composition using X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the uranium content increased with increasing temperature, the highest at a temperature of 400 °C, where the uranium content is 79.66 ± 0.51%. Visually, the pore size of the powder is getting smaller, and the amount decreases with increasing temperature. In ADU powder, before heat treatment consists of two phases, and after the heat treatment forms three phases. The results of this characterization can be devoted to a nuclear forensics database of nuclear and radioactive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superconducting properties as well as microstructural development of Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2-xAgxCu3OY composite for (0≤x≤0.5) were studied. Powder pellets were fabricated using the solid state reaction method. Electrical properties of the samples were studied by the four point probe method. It was found that the doping of Ag up to 0.2 concentration enhances the superconducting transition temperature TC, the highest TC was exhibited at 126 K, while excessive concentration decreased it. The phase identification and structural characteristics of synthesized high-TC superconductors was investigated through X-ray diffractions. The results showed both (Bi, Pb)-2223 and -2212 phases coexist in the samples with orthorhombic crystal structure for all samples. Surface morphology was studied with scanning electron microscope SEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effect of the curing method using electron beams as an effort to substitute the fixation process using metal in the dyeing process of ramie batik. The study was conducted by combining the tegeran (Cudrania javanensis) natural dye with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and a small amount of alum (K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O), which was then used for batik coloring. The results showed that we can use the fixation process using electron beam irradiation as an alternative in the batik dyeing process because the process is effective, efficient, and produces environmentally friendly products. The fixation irradiation dose affects the quality of the fastness of batik. At doses of 20 and 60 kGy, it has good color fastness, especially in the color fastness test to 40 oC washing and rubbing. However, the color fastness test against sunlight gave poor results. The optimal color aging value was obtained at the 60 kGy dose level with a value of 1.62. In testing the morphology of non-irradiated and irradiated ramie batik using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), imaging results showed that there were morphological changes on the surface of ramie batik. The results of the functional group analysis test using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of cross-links in ramie batik. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles were added to Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+d composite its superconducting properties as well as its microstructural development were studied. Powder pellets were fabricated using the solid state reaction method. Critical transition temperatures TC of the samples were measured by the four point probe method. It was found that the addition of nanosized TiO2 up to the 0.2 wt% enhances the superconducting transition temperature TC, the highest TC was exhibited at 118 K, while excessive addition suppressed it. Ti nanoparticle introduced effective pinning centers. The phase identification /gross structural characteristics of synthesized high-TC superconductors (HTSc) was investigated through X-ray diffractions. The results showed both (Bi, Pb)-2223 and -2212 phases coexist in the samples with orthorhombic crystal structure for all samples. Grains shape and their connectivity were studied with scanning electron microscope SEM. Along with this the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope EDX analysis was used to test the chemical composition of Bi1.7Pb0.3Ti0.2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+d superconductor. XRD, SEM and electrical measurements were done on the samples to deduce the best properties desired for superconductor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles were added to Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+d composite its superconducting properties as well as its microstructural development were studied. Powder pellets were fabricated using the solid state reaction method. Critical transition temperatures TC of the samples were measured by the four point probe method. It was found that the addition of nanosized TiO2 up to the 0.2 wt% enhances the superconducting transition temperature TC, the highest TC was exhibited at 118 K, while excessive addition suppressed it. Ti nanoparticle introduced effective pinning centers. The phase identification /gross structural characteristics of synthesized high-TC superconductors (HTSc) was investigated through X-ray diffractions. The results showed both (Bi, Pb)-2223 and -2212 phases coexist in the samples with orthorhombic crystal structure for all samples. Grains shape and their connectivity were studied with scanning electron microscope SEM. Along with this the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope EDX analysis was used to test the chemical composition of Bi1.7Pb0.3Ti0.2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+d superconductor. XRD, SEM and electrical measurements were done on the samples to deduce the best properties desired for superconductor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide (GO) has a high thermal conductivity so that it can be used in heat transfer applications. The example is for nanofluids quench medium. In this study, graphene oxide was characterized using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to determine the chemical content and morphology. GO-based nanofluids were synthesized with concentrations of 0.01%, 0.03% and 0.05% in the water base fluid. Furthermore, the surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS) as much as 0%, 3%, 5% and 7% was added. The obtained nanofluids was ultrasonicated for 15 minutes and then tested for thermal conductivity and zeta potential. After that, the nanofluid was used as quenchant for S45C hardening process. The austenization process was done at 900°C for 1 hour. The result showed that higher concentration of GO and surfactant generally lower the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid. The highest thermal conductivity was obtained on 0.01% GO without surfactant at 0.59 W/mK. The conductivity decreased at the highest GO and surfactant addition at 0.57 W/mK. However, the highest hardness achieved was on the 0.05% GO with 5% SDBS at 48 HRC. This result showed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids quench medium did not directly correlate with the hardness of the quenched samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) was a promising candidate as a lithium-ion battery anode for EV (electric vehicles). However, LTO has low electrical conductivity and capacity. Thus, it was necessary to add active carbon and ZnO nanorods to the LTO compound. Li4Ti5O12/C-ZnO nanorods were obtained by using the sol-gel method for TiO2 synthesis and the solid-state method for TiO2 mixing process with a lithium hydroxide source and C-ZnO nanorods. Activated carbon has the role of increasing electrical conductivity, while the ZnO nanorod was expected to increase the capacity. This study has three weight variations of activated carbon, i.e., 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 5 wt.%, while the weight percentage of ZnO nanorods was kept constant at 4 wt.%. The characterization of the samples was examined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The battery performance of the samples was obtained by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Charge-Discharge (CD) testing after being assembled into coin cell batteries. The results showed that the Li4Ti5O12/5%C-ZnO nanorods have the highest specific capacity of 112 mAh/g with a charge transfer resistivity of 123 ohms. According to the Brunner-Emmet-Teller (BET) test, the largest surface area was 63.51 m2/g with a crystallite size of 85 nm. From this research, it can be concluded that Li4Ti5O12/5%C-ZnO nanorods are the most optimized composition as anode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) is a biocompatible, biodegradable synthetic polymer, has tunable mechanical and degradation rate properties and the capability for controlled drug release. Encapsulation diclofenac sodium using carboxymethyl chitosan-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (CMCh/PLGA/DS) were synthesized to enhance gastric retention followed by a controlled release in the small intestine to reduce the side effects due to frequent administration, such as gastric irritation and renal damage. Synthesis of nanoparticles was carried out using a double emulsion (water/oil/water) solvent evaporation method with poly(vinyl alcohol) as the emulsifier. Studies using infrared spectrophotometer show that the interaction between diclofenac sodium and polymer on nanoparticles is non-covalent with a spherical shape based on scanning electron microscope characterization. When compared to unmodified PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA/DS), encapsulation efficiency of CMCh/PLGA/DS nanoparticles was increased with a minimum release at pH 1.2 of 0.2% and controlled release at pH 6.8 of 90.9% up to 24 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulase bacteria can use as starter cultures for fermentation. Cellulase enzymes can be produced by bacteria isolated from mammals, but there is no information about cellulose produced by bacteria from the saliva of Bearcat. Bearcat is one of the civets belonging to the same family Viverridae as Luwak. The aims of this study were to investigate potential cellulolytic bacteria from the saliva of Bearcat, and the characterization of cellulase bacteria based on their morphological and biochemical analysis. Morphological characterization and biochemical tests of selected bacteria colonies were observed including size, shape, edges, color, surface, elevation, the appearance of the colony, gram staining, and catalase test. Then each isolate was also observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 5.000 and 10.000X magnification. The result in this research has 8 different colony morphologies were observed. All the isolates indicated high enzyme producers due to their abilities to form clear zone where more than 2 mm. All of the isolates have cellulolytic activities, and the highest cellulolytic index was observed at 5,30 mm. All isolates were identified as gram-positive. The biochemical catalase test used to know the ability of aerobic organisms to produce catalase enzyme gave a positive test of catalase. Among those isolates, the SB02 and SB05 isolates had the highest cellulolytic index of 5.26 and 5.30 and were identified as Bacillus cereus strain L77 and Bacillus. subtilis strain GL2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinforcing and non-reinforcing fillers are essential materials for making various rubber vulcanizates. In this study, calcium carbonate as a non-reinforcing filler and zeosil as a reinforcing filler were used to manufacture trolley solid tire vulcanizates used in airports. The loading of CaCO3 on solid trolley tires varies with a ratio of 60 to 75 phr. Zeosil at a 45 phr ratio. The manufacturing of the solid tires was performed through the process of mastication, compounding, and vulcanizing at a temperature of 150 °C for 20 minutes. The solid tire trolley vulcanizate sample's mechanical properties were examined. It was observed that specific gravity, hardness, and abrasion before and after aging are directly proportional to the increasing CaCO3 ratio. The hardness of trolley solid tire rubber vulcanization at a load of CaCO3 70 phr has a hardness value of 65 Shore A. It was equal to the hardness value of a commercial airport trolley solid tire. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was performed for functional group identification. It was detected that a functional group of natural rubber, additives, and fillers existed in the sample. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) test results showed pores and longitudinal fractures on each sample surface. It also showed the appearance of white particles, which indicated the distribution of CaCO3, zeosil, and TiO2 in the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungsten and cobalt are included in the European Union's list of critical raw materials (CRM). The share of WC-Co-based cutting tools is slowly decreasing, but they still account for a major share, and efficient recycling technology has to be developed. Different technologies are present but most of them have drawbacks such as contamination by the material of crushing equipment, excessive energy consumption, use of dangerous chemicals that need to be disposed (also causing health issues to workers), dramatic reduction of mechanical properties of the recycled powder, etc. The recycling of WC-Co hardmetal (cermet) tools with the help of thermal shock of varied intensity and the number of treatments followed by an assessment of the resulting change in mechanical properties (microhardness), number of fragments, as well as the weight of samples, were done. The device allowing automated application of a pre-defined number of heating-cooling cycles (water and liquid nitrogen were used as a cooling medium) was produced, and applied. The diagrams indicating the optimal (number of cycles and temperatures) treatment regime providing the highest strength were obtained, and scanning electron microscope images are illustrating the recycling efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is about the production of tinted film for helmet visors and windshields that possibly meet the specifications. The use of tinted film must comply with the regulations from Road Transport Department Malaysia. The permitted visible light transmission (VLT) percentages of 70% for the front windscreen, 50% for the front side windows, and 30% for the rear windows and the rear windscreen. Nowadays, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was used as a plastic film window and distinguished primarily by the fact that a wide range of molecular weights and degree levels are generated in a single multi-product polymerization process. Natural and synthetic dyes differ fundamentally in terms of stability and cost. Furthermore, most synthetic dyes are not biodegradable, they accumulate on lands and in river causing ecological problems. This research used onion peels as natural dyes for the fabrication of tinted film. The objective of this research is to study the properties of onion peels as a tinted film using lux meter for brightness, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for morphology, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for bonding and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy for absorbance properties. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) granules, glycerine, acetic acid and onion peels were mixed for the fabrication of tinted film. The result for tinted film shows less light penetrating the glass mirror. While the morphology shows an uneven surface and it is supported by a FTIR and UV-Visible that shows there is a peak shift in onion peels tinted film. Therefore, onion peel dye shows a higher possibility as a tinted film for helmet visors and windshields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on the characterisation of sodium alginate incorporated with Iron (III) oxide for biomedical applications. First, biofilm and bead samples with and without 0.1 g, 0.2 g, and 0.3 g iron (III)oxide particles are prepared by manual syringe technique and solution casting. Next, sodium alginate biofilms and beads incorporated with and without Iron (III) particles were analysed by microstructure using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Energy–dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was applied as well to reveal the chemical elements present in the sample. The samples were characterised using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. Microstructure analysis results revealed that the microstructure of 0.1g, 0.2g, and 0.3g beads varied due to the amount of iron (III) oxide particles. Meanwhile, EDS detected that the chemical elemental present were mainly Fe3+, O2−, Ca2+, and Cl−. The existence of halite crystalline or sodium chloride, magnetite, sodium iron oxide, iron oxide, and maghemite structures was determined by XRD analysis to account for the varying diffraction peaks of the samples. Based on the AFM result, the surface roughness of all shapes resulted in different topography shapes due to the different weight of iron (iii) oxides that shows the increment of the weight resulted in the formation of different valleys and hills on the biofilm. Finally, the experiments concluded that sodium alginate incorporated with iron (III) oxide is promising for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) is one of the promising wastes that can be converted into a valuable product such as activated carbon (AC) which is applicable for adsorption applications. The main objective of this work is to prepare and characterize the morphological surface properties of AC from EFB which is suitable for the adsorption of dye compounds and methylene blue application. AC was prepared by KOH impregnation with ultrasonic power and physical activation using a tube furnace. The influences of activation time using ultrasonic power (0, 45, 90 min) and activation time (300, 500, 700˚C) on the properties of the AC were analyzed. The surface morphology of activated carbon was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The samples were prepared using an ultrasonic method for 45 minutes during impregnation time. It is observed that the development of the pore increases as the chemical impregnation and ultrasonic time and activation temperature increase. EFB is identified as a suitable material for AC production as it is capable to develop the AC physical properties via specific processes and methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural sorbents have several benefits, including high sorption capacity, superior biodegradability, and low cost. Kapok is one of the natural fibers that can be used as absorbent material. These distinctive qualities give kapok fibers greater oil sorption capacity than other oil sorbents currently on the market. However, it is difficult to hold oil properly due to its waxy coating and smooth fiber surface. Thus, in this study, the rough surface fiber has been coated using ZnO via the hydrothermal method. Considering that ZnO is instinctually hydrophilic, this modification of the fiber compounds increases the adsorption of oil in fiber. The surface morphology interaction has been proven with an experiment using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for morphology investigation, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for identifying organic or inorganic materials, and physical interaction (contact angle analysis). The results obtained display a significant difference between modified kapok fiber with ZnO and raw kapok fiber. The FTIR analysis shows that the modified kapok exhibits the peak's level of intensity at 3268.88 cm−1 (stretching vibration peak of surface –OH decreases obviously as compared with that of raw kapok fiber, an absorption peak (symmetric stretching vibration of Zn–O–Zn) is observed at 652.28 cm−1. These results suggested that the whole sum of –OH was diminished, and hydrophobic ZnO nanoparticles were developed on the kapok fiber's surface. A surface morphology analysis using SEM shows that ZnO particles are present on the kapok fiber surface while comparing it to the raw kapok. Modified kapok shows a higher contact angle (138°) compared to raw kapok (125.5°). This can conclude that the kapok fiber modification was successfully achieved using the hydrothermal method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A particular type of steel has a higher concentration of carbon than other types of steel called carbon steel. This study focused on the electrodeposition coating of Nickel Silicon Carbide (Ni-SiC) composite coating at 50 oC. In this study, medium carbon steel was used as a substrate. 25 g/l SiC was used during the deposition. The carbon steel was acted as the cathode and the carbon rod as an anode during electrodeposition. The coated sample was heat-treated at 350 OC for 1 hour. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the surface morphology and microstructure of the coated and heat-treated sample before and after the wear test. The coated sample's element composition and phase distribution are determined using the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). To identify the hardness of the composite coating, Vickers micro-hardness test was used on the surface of the sample with 100g load in 10 seconds with ten indentations. Weight loss method was conducted to determine the average wear resistance of the sample. The wear behavior of the Ni-SiC was evaluated using the weight loss method with 3 g/l alumina as the abrasive material. The results showed that the heat-treated coating had higher wear resistance than the without heat treatment. The findings also showed that the sample with the heat-treatment process had a higher hardness. This proved that the heat-treated sample had the best wear behavior and hardness value compared to without heat treatment due to denser coating produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrodeposition is one of the composite coating deposition techniques of a metal on a cathode during electrolysis through a method of purification. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is one of the potential non-hazardous electrolyte. In this work, NaCl was used as electrolyte in electrodeposition of copper-nickel on mild steel substrate. Three different parameter was used in order to find the suitable parameter to use in NaCl electrolyte. Optical Microscope (OM) shows all sample have different thickness of coating. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows distribution of coating on substrate and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirm element on coating. Results shows that 0.03 A current used in this NaCl electrolyte was most suitable as it shown highest thickness of coating and have fairly coating on substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) alloy has been developed especially in the biomedical sector due to its shape memory ability and its mechanical properties which is comparable to human bones. However, NiTi alloy carries the risk of Nickel (Ni) ions leaching when implanted in the human body making it less favourable for biomedical use forlong term. Therefore, the goal of this research is to passivate the porous NiTi by oxidizing the surface via annealing treatment. Initially, the porous NiTi alloy was fabricated via powder metallurgy technique with addition of Calcium Hydride (CaH2) as a pore forming agent. Here, the degree of porosity was measured and the pore morphology, phase identification and transformation behavior were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), respectively. Then, the surface treatment was performed by varying annealing temperatures where the oxide layer formation was characterized by using SEM and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). The result shows that the sample's porosity increased by up to 42% from its theoretical density, demonstrating that the weight percentage of the pore-forming agent has a significant effect on theporosity of the NiTi alloy. For surface treatment, at higher annealing temperature i.e. 500°C, it produced a thicker oxide layer of TiO2 as compared to samples annealed at 300°C and 400°C. This indicates that the annealing temperature highly affects the formation of oxide layers on the surface. This oxide layer adheres well to the NiTi alloysurface and is expected to prevent the Ni ion from releasing, thus making this porous NiTi biocompatible metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the effect of Yttrium doping on structural, morphological and, electrical properties of nanocrystalline powder Pr0.6Y0.1Ba0.3MnO3 (PYBMO) synthesized by Sol-gel wet chemical route. Rietveld's analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern has revealed that the compound has orthorhombic phase with Pnma space group. Scherrer's formula was used to compute crystallite size, which came out to be ~ 11 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) has confirmed the homogeneity of the sample and calculated average particle size from SEM image using particle size distribution was found to be 110 nm. The temperature dependent resistivity measurements have been carried out in 15-300 K temperature range which shows that nanocrystalline PYBMO exhibits semiconductor behavior. The resistivity data has been fitted with various mechanisms like small polarons hopping (SPH) and variable range hopping (VRH). VRH model is the best fitted for nanocrystalline PYBMO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the effect of Yttrium doping on structural, morphological and, electrical properties of nanocrystalline powder Pr0.6Y0.1Ba0.3MnO3 (PYBMO) synthesized by Sol-gel wet chemical route. Rietveld's analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern has revealed that the compound has orthorhombic phase with Pnma space group. Scherrer's formula was used to compute crystallite size, which came out to be ~ 11 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) has confirmed the homogeneity of the sample and calculated average particle size from SEM image using particle size distribution was found to be 110 nm. The temperature dependent resistivity measurements have been carried out in 15-300 K temperature range which shows that nanocrystalline PYBMO exhibits semiconductor behavior. The resistivity data has been fitted with various mechanisms like small polarons hopping (SPH) and variable range hopping (VRH). VRH model is the best fitted for nanocrystalline PYBMO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine whether there is a positive impact from using the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system on the net benefits of a higher education institution. The research uses the information system success model proposed by DeLone and McLean. The variables tested in the study include system quality, information quality, service quality, user satisfaction, and net benefits. Data was collected using a questionnaire distributed to 54 respondents. The collected data were processed using the PLS-SEM method with the SmartPLS 3.0 application. The study results indicate that the quality of information positively affects user satisfaction (H3), and user satisfaction positively impacts net benefits (H4). While the system's quality does not positively affect user satisfaction (H1), service quality does not positively affect user satisfaction (H2). This research extends the previous study by adding net benefits, which are representations of individuals and organizations. It can be concluded that the use of ERP systems affects not only individuals but also organizations' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compounds of three types based on nickel were used, the first included nickel with tungsten carbide (5,10,15,20,25)%, and the second, nickel with boron carbide (5,10,15,20,25)%, the third is nickel with tungsten carbide and boron carbide in proportions (5,10,15,20,25)%B4C)+(5,10,15,20,25) %WC). After the mixing process of the three compounds was completed, the powders were sprayed in the form of three batches on the bases of the turbine blades prepared for this purpose and cut appropriately. The ideal conditions are 90° spray angle, 15cm spray distance, (50%Ni+25%WC+25%B4C), and 1.5mm thickness, which gave the results with the highest value of hardness (240Hv), the highest value of adhesion strength (39MPa), less wear rat (2.21×10−5) g/cm, the coating thickness and its effect on some mechanical and physical properties were also examined, and it was found that the best coating thickness that gives ideal results is 1.5 mm thick, while the scanning electron microscope(SEM) results showed that the compound is (50%Ni+25%WC+25% B4C) gave the best surface topography that is almost free of pores and cracks, which gives a model with distinct physical and mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallurgy Powder is employed appropriately in line with industrial development and practicality in order to produce samples with unique properties and ease of application. This technology was used to prepare copper matrix composites with a fixed rate of 10 wt.% (Fe) and (2, 4, 6, 8,10)wt.% of magnesium oxide particle (MgO) as corroboration material. The metal powders were milled together for two hours in order to be homogenized. The prepared powder samples were pressed at 5 tons for only one minute. Then the pressed samples were sintered at(900°C) for 2 hr. After that, some mechanical properties (represented by hardness, compressive strength, and wear) and scanning electron microscope properties (SEM) were examined. The results showed that the best hardness values obtained were at 10wt.% of MgO, reaching 320Hv before treatment and 480Hv after treatment. As for the results of compressive strength, the value was 53MPa before treatment and 75MPa after treatment at the same percentage of corroboration material. While wear reached the lowest value of (6.9×10-8 g/cm) before treatment and (5.1×10-8 g/cm) after treatment at the best corroboration rate of 10 wt.%. Concerning the scanning electron microscope (SEM) results, they best agglutination and clear overlay amid the granular limits as a result of this strong attachment and sameness among the mechanisms of the elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium silicate nanoparticles were successfully prepared by solution combustion method using easily available magnesium nitrate, silica fumes and fuel urea. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-Ray, transmission electron microscope and UV-Visible spectroscopic studies. The band gap and average size was found to be 4.1eV and 20nm respectively. The degradation efficacy was successfully examined for acridine orange and victoria blue B dye under sunlight. The degradation efficacy was achieved at 93.11% for acridine orange dye and 91.53% for victoria blue B dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substrate type plays an important role in the growth of semiconductor films using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method, which is a simple and cost-effective technique. The effect of the nature of the substrate on the structural, optical, morphological, and electrical properties of tin monosulfide (SnS) films on both substrates (glass and flexible) was studied for 4 h at a constant temperature of 80 °C, with a strong peak at 31.75, which corresponds to the (111) level of the prepared SnS films. The scanning electron microscope revealed that the surface of the film on the glass substrate is covered with irregular spherical granules, some of which are nanoflakes, while the surface of the film on the flexible substrate is observed to contain flower-like spherical granules that are well distributed, more compact, and of a homogeneous structure. The grain size of SnS films was found to be 2.7 µm and 3.6 µm on glass and flexible substrates, respectively. The energy bandgap varied between 2.06 eV on the glass substrate and 1.52 eV on the flexible substrate. Hall Effect measurements show the films created have p-type conductivity for both substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has been carried out on the inhibition efficiency of expired metformin drugs as a corrosion inhibitor for boiler pipes. Metformin is highly soluble in water, contains five nitrogen atoms, which provides adsorption in the formation of thin films on metal substrates, and has considerable anti-corrosion behaviour. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of Metformin expired drugs to inhibit corrosion and optimize the use of Metformin expired drugs. The research was conducted by characterizing the steel pipe sample using optical emission spectroscopy (OES), characterizing the expired Metformin drug sample using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), measuring the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency using the weight-loss method, and surface morphology analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of the characterization of the steel pipe sample showed that the sample was composed of Fe, C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni, Al, Co, Cu, Nb, Ti, V, W, and Pb elements. The characterization of expired drug samples showed stretching of the amine group at wavelengths 3369.5 cm-1 and 3295 cm-1, proving that Metformin was present in the expired drug. The results of the weight loss test showed that expired Metformin was able to inhibit corrosion with its optimal condition being at temperature 70oC with 25 ppm inhibitor, and the inhibition efficiency reached 73.54%. At temperature 50oC with 50 ppm inhibitor, the inhibition efficiency reached 84.81% in the corrosive medium NaCl. 3%. The SEM micrographs show the surface of the steel that does not use inhibitor looks damaged and has holes, while the surface of the steel that uses inhibitor looks smoother. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, mild steel AISI1080 was butt welded by an automated shielded metal arc technique (ASMAW) using E6013 electrode. Parameters such as welding speed (3.19, 3.9 and 4.6 mm/s), with the electrode diameter (2.6, 3.2 and 4.0 mm), and welding angle of (45, 50 and 60°), were tested and listed by Taguchi orthogonal arrays. Microstructure of welded samples were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to the microstructural observations, the amount of pearlitic phase in the weld area increased with increase in welding speed, and angle of electrode, and the smallest size electrode of 2.6mm at the expense of ferrite. However, in the HAZ the amount of ferrite increases with increase in welding speed and the electrode diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the mechanical and tribological sliding wear tests are performed and the effect of varying load, sliding velocity for random-discontinuous glass fiber reinforced polypropylene was investigated. The tensile tests of GFRP material are performed for 2mm sheet thickness in uniaxial loading conditions. The sliding wear test was performed on the pin-on-disc apparatus for the load from 10 N to 50 N at an interval of 10 N and sliding velocity from 1m/s to 5m/s at an interval of 1m/s. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to interpret the surface wear effects for considered conditions. The coefficient of friction (COF) was increased as the normal load is increased, but for 40 N load sudden drop in COF was observed. In varying velocities, the graph showed nonlinear conditions for COF values. The wear rate for both conditions was also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computerized manufacture innovation, known as 3D printing or additive manufacturing, makes actual design from a mathematical portrayal by progressive option of materials. 3D printing depends on assembling an eventual outcome through a layer-by-layer process. Specialty figured out polypropylene copolymer supported with high-modulus slashed carbon fibre of 15% is contemplated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the 3D printed examples were portrayed utilizing scanning electron microscope, standard tensile testing, impact testing (Charpy) and flexural testing. It was seen that polypropylene copolymer with 15% chopped carbon fibre were scattered all through the microstructure of the polypropylene copolymer. The review was made with various infill designs like network, triangle, tri-hexagonal and cubic. The test values of elasticity for various infill designs like grid, triangle, tri-hexagonal and cubic were 8.47 N/mm², 8.99 N/mm², 9.98 N/mm² and 12.05 N/mm² separately. The test values of impact strength (Charpy) for various infill patterns like grid, triangle, tri-hexagonal and cubic were 5.4 joules, 3.6 joules, 5.9 joules and 5.7 joules separately. The test values of flexural specimen for various infill designs like grid, triangle, tri-hexagonal and cubic were 1359.5 N/mm², 1205.71 N/mm², 990.4 N/mm² and 848.92 N/mm² separately. After performing a tensile test, the characterisation was done through SEM the behaviour of fracture was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is to produce silver nanoparticles (SNP) using a plant extract called Hygrophila auriculata (H. auriculata) and assess their antibacterial effectiveness against the Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in comparison to the widely used antibiotic kanamycin (K-30). Materials and methods: Each group's sample size is three, with a total sample size of six, a G power of eighty percent, and a confidence interval of ninety five percent. The plant extract (H. auriculata) was used to create the SNP, which were then examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the UV-Vis spectrometer. The antibacterial activity was conducted against the S. aureus. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) has been examined to investigate any antibacterial activity. Results: In the world of nanotechnology, bio-nanoparticle preparation uses room temperature assisted innovative nanoparticle production. When compared to the commercial antibiotic K-30, the antibacterial activity of the SNP produced using a biosynthetic method at a concentration of 12.5 ng/100 µl is statistically significant (p<0.05). When compared to the K-30, the ZOI of SNP utilising a biosynthetic method is higher. The use of biosynthesized SNP in medicinal sectors and for bacterial growth suppression is both common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the forerunner of industrial raw materials, determining the characteristic of betel leaves (Piper betle L.) is essential because it will determine product quality. Betel leaves have various functions, including as a source of antioxidants. Before proceeding to the advanced stage, preliminary research on betel leaves characteristics and antioxidant content needs to be carried out. Research showed that the moisture content of fresh and betel leaves powder is 84.64 and 10.8%, respectively. Proximate tests showed that betel leaves powder contains proteins 21.6, fats 5.2, carbohydrates 49.6, ash 12.8, and moisture content of 10.8%. It also contained vitamin A <0.1 mg/100g, vitamin C 5.09 mg/100g, vitamin B3 25.4 mg/100g, calcium 6539.9 mg/kg, iron 146.2 mg/kg, potassium 49176.8 mg/kg, and phosphorus 4599.4 mg/kg. Betel leaves extract contains antioxidants with Total Phenolic Contents 6.98 mg GAE/g and antioxidant activity of 79.65% from solvent 95% ethanol is higher than methanol with a Soxhlet extraction time of 4 hours. Infra-red spectra results show several functional groups from 3600 to 2500 cm−1 support antioxidant structures such as O-H phenols, C-H alkene, O-H carboxylic acid, and O-CH3 symmetric and non-symmetric stretching vibration. The scanning electron microscope results show that pores are formed as diffusion pathways of phenolic compounds from high to lower concentrations. Therefore, betel leaves are confirmed as sources of antioxidants and potential industrial raw material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the integrated photocatalyst-adsorbent (IPCA) formulation was built using oxalate-pyrite as the photoactive component and a chitosan as the adsorbents to degrade humic acid under visible light irradiation. The IPCA was synthesized by mixing the oxalate-pyrite powder catalyst with chitosan solution. The beads of IPCA were synthesized using the phase inversion method. Besides, the synthesized IPCA was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV–visible NIR spectrophotometry. Then, the impact of factors such as the IPCA dosage, initial humic acid concentration and pH on the removal of humic acid was studied. The FTIR and SEM results show that the oxalate-pyrite and chitosan were successfully integrated while the UV Vis NIR result shows that the synthesized IPCA able to absorb visible light. Besides, the photocatalytic activity results show that an increase in the initial concentration from 20 ppm to 100 ppm decreased the removal efficiency from 80 % to 35 % while increase the IPCA dosage from 50 mg/l to 150 mg/l increased the removal efficiency from 20 % to 80 %. The optimum pH was at 9 which resulted 90 % removal efficiency. Moreover, the removal efficiency using oxalate-pyrite/chitosan was 80 % higher than pyrite/chitosan. As conclusion, the oxalate-pyrite/chitosan able to be a potential catalyst for the waste water treatment by photocatalytic reaction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many methods used nowadays to obtain cellulose nanofiber (CNF) from plant fibers. However, a major drawback of these methods is the %yield of CNF obtained. In this study, the preparation of CNF from cassava pulp (CP) with the application of a high-pressure homogenizer was explored. CP was treated with sodium hydroxide and then bleached by sodium chlorite/acetate buffer solution. Then a high-pressure homogenizer was used to obtain CNF. The effect of homogenization pressure and the number of cycles on the structure and properties of CNF were investigated. From emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images, the diameters of CNF decreased with increasing homogenization pressure and the number of cycles, these fibrils were split off into smaller fiber bundles. At optimal preparation conditions, CP with treatment of alkali, bleaching and homogenizing at 25,000 psi and 15 cycles showed diameters in the range of 15-37 nm and estimated lengths of 500-5000 nm, which met the size of the CNF requirement. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of all CNF demonstrated that the alkali and bleaching treatments partially removed hemicelluloses and lignin from the structure of fibers leading to higher purity of cellulose. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results were revealed that alkali and bleaching treatments also improved the crystallinity of fibers from 19% in CP to 46% in CNF. Furthermore, FTIR spectroscopy and XRD curves of all CNF showed no significant difference, indicating that the chemical compositions and crystallinity of CNF were not affected by increasing pressure and the number of cycles of the homogenizer. Especially, the preparation of CNF from CP using a high-pressure homogenizer gave a 14.72 % yield. In conclusion, the development of novel CNF from CP can be achieved by an application of the homogenization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi material design combines the positive properties of the different materials (e.g. fiber reinforced polymers and metals). Thus, polymer-metal hybrids based on thermoplastic materials represent the state of the art and are used in numerous industrial applications. In contrast, the use of thermoset-metal hybrids for components is challenging since the complex manufacturing processes, e.g. using the autoclave technology. In order to use the good material properties of thermoset materials in hybrid components, a method and technology development along the entire product cycle is necessary. In the presented work, the influence of various surface pretreatments on the interfacial adhesion of thermoset-metal hybrids was investigated on the basis of tensile lap-shear test specimens produced in the injection molding process. As polymer components phenolic and epoxy resin-based molding compounds were used. Different types of steel (16MnCr5, S355; 100Cr6) were used as metal components. The aim of the investigations was to increase the adhesion by using different surface coatings (ZnPh, MnPh, ZnCaPh). To study the effects in the interface between polymer and metal the scanning electron microscope was used. Mechanical testing of the test specimens showed that the epoxy molding compound had a higher interfacial adhesion to all steel types than the phenolic molding compound. Furthermore, the surface coatings led to a significant influence on the interfacial adhesion depending on the steel type used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the pollen grains of eight species of the genus Tamarix L. were collected from the central regions of Iraq. they were examined with light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). They were, Tricolpate, Isopolar and Radially symmetry. pollen grains of the studies specimen medium – sized class. It has Ternary shape in polar view and their four species : T. aphylla, T. arceuthoides, T. brachystachys, T. pycnocarpa were prolate – spheroidal, one species : T. ramosissima was sub prolate, two species : T. aucheriana, T. macrocarpa were oblate-spheroidal and another species : T. mascatensis was spheroidal in the equatorial view. the ornamentation for pollen grains were reticulate in all the genus species studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To save coke, metallurgical enterprises around the world produce pulverized coal injection (PCI), which can replace a significant amount of coke in a blast furnace. The purpose of this work: to study the influence of oxygen content in the gas phase on the thermal destruction and combustion of coals with different degrees of metamorphism and peat during heating and the structure of peat to optimize the modes of obtaining pulverized coal. The studied materials are peat from the Malo-Reftinskoye deposit (Middle Urals) and long-flame coal from the Shubarkol open pit. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the rate of thermal destruction decreases with an increase in the degree of metamorphism: for peat it is 2.69%/min, for brown coal 1.48%/min, for lean coal 0.55%/min, for anthracite 0.30%/min. The temperature of the release of volatile components decreases (from 425°C for lean and 220°C for peat) and remains approximately constant in the presence of oxygen up to the composition of synthetic air. Using a scanning electron microscope, the structure and chemical composition of peat were studied. Peat particles have an elongated form of "fibers" ranging in size from 50 to 400 microns. The predominant grain structure is cellular, less often fibrous and layered. The cell size is on average 10-30 microns. It has been established that carbon is in a finely dispersed state and is distributed over the surface of the particles. The combustion start temperature of carbon for peat is about 340°C. The processes are accompanied by the release of a significant amount of gases: CO2, H2O, H2, SO2, NO и NO2. The range of gases released during heating of peat is the same as during heating of coals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fe-Cr-Mn alloy is a new alloy that can replace the Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel, where the manganese element replaces the nickel, which is relatively expensive. There is still little research on improving the mechanical properties of the Fe-Cr-Mn alloy by the deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) process. This research evaluates the effect of DCT soaking time on the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion resistance of Fe-14Cr-9,5Mn alloy. The DCT process was carried out in a cryogenic chamber at a time variation of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes. These analyses were performed using an optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Vickers hardness tester, and weight loss corrosion testing. The microstructure test results showed that the Fe-Cr-Mn alloy has ferrite and pearlite microstructure. The ferrite grain size gets smaller, with the longer the holding time of the deep cryogenic treatment process. The hardness test results showed that raw material has a hardness of 302.8 kg/mm2. While the highest hardness value of 340.6 kg/mm2 occurs on 25 minutes holding time, the higher the soaking time, the higher the alloy hardness. The corrosion resistance of Fe-Cr-Mn alloy is included in the outstanding category, with a corrosion rate of 0.026 mm/yr. The cryogenically treated specimens proved the corrosion resistance until 0.022mm/yr on 25 minutes holding time; the longer the soaking time, the lower the corrosion rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary chloride salts, consisting of MgCl2−KCl-NaCl, have been identified as a good candidate for thermal medium and storage at temperatures greater than 700°C in Gen3 CSP systems. Corrosion of system components is significant in molten chloride salts; however, a thermochemical purification helps to reduce the corrosivity of chloride salts by removing impurities, such as MgOHCl, that cause alloy corrosion in molten ternary salt. Up to this point, purifications of ternary chloride salt had been small scale quantities of salt (<10 kg). The purification procedures used in these smaller batches needed to be validated for larger quantities of salt to accommodate scaling up testing of systems and components in molten chloride salts. To further combat corrosion, system components can be fabricated from high toughness cermet materials. NiWC alloys, developed by Powdermet, have been found to display high corrosion and wear resistance in ternary salts during baseline material testing. To evaluate wear and erosion rates of NiWC pump components (i.e., bearings and impellers) in ternary chloride salt, a tribology test bed was designed by High Temperature Systems Designs with the capabilities of testing three journal bearings and five pin specimens, all submerged in molten salt. A thermochemical purification of approximately 85 kg of ternary salt was carried out to fill the tribology test bed and submerge all pin and bushing specimens. A variable loading weight on the test bed is designed to force contact between the bearing specimens and NiWC-coated shaft sleeves to simulate wear seen during startup, shutdown, and unsteady conditions, while pin specimens spin freely in the molten salt to give baseline erosion characteristics for development of pump impellers. A 500-hour test of NiWC3b journal bearings and pins was conducted in 720°C ternary salt at 1100 RPM without issue. Following the test, the pins, bushings, and shaft sleeves were evaluated for wear using a combination of dimensional measurements, an optical profilometer, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The NiWC3b bushings and pins, and NiWC3b-coated shaft sleeves showed no measurable wear with dimensional measurements. Overall, the NiWC3b pins, bushings, and NiWC3b-coated shaft withstood the molten salt environment at 720°C for the 500-hour, 1100 RPM test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The by-product formed by radioactive mineral processing industry may contain radionuclides which could cause a radiological impact on workers, the surrounding community, and the environment. The use of bentonite as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment is widespread and has been proven to treat radionuclides contaminants such as Cs, Sr, Eu, Th, U, Co, and Pu. This study was conducted to study the characteristics of raw bentonite and its modification using acid and thermal activation to determine the potential of the bentonite to adsorbed thorium and uranium radionuclides. The bentonite used in this study was collected from Pacitan, East Java, which was activated with the variation acid concentration and heating temperature. The modified bentonite was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) to analyze the functional group, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the crystallinity of the material, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to investigate the chemical composition, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to analyze the morphology, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) to measure the surface area and pore volume of the modified bentonite. The characterization obtained in this study proves that the presence of Ca-montmorillonite with the optimum condition in acid-activated bentonite can increase its capacity and be a promising adsorbent for wastewater treatment, especially for further study in radionuclides adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ZSM-5 catalyst was synthesized from coal fly ash as alumina and silica source and rice husk ash as an additional silica source using seeded ZSM-5 without adding any template. First, coal fly ash and rice husk were subjected to pre-treatment in order to extract silicate (SiO44-) and aluminate (AlO45-) and separate them from the impurities. Then the ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized through hydrothermal treatment using seed of ZSM-5 giving molar ratio 12 NaOH: 30 SiO2: 0.75 Al2O3: 1800 H2O. The as-synthesized ZSM-5(A) then was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Surface Area Analyzer. The results showed that the XRD pattern of as-synthesized ZSM-5 using non template method has an evidence of MFI (Mordenite Inverted Framework) structure with peaks at 2θ=8.161, 9.041, 23.249, 24.003, and 24.632o 0 indicative of successfully synthesized ZSM-5 structure. The SEM image showed the rough surface of hexagonal crystals from the ZSM-5 structure, indicative of mesoporosity in the structure. The N2 isotherm adsorption exhibited a type IV H4 curve, which indicated the material has mesoporosity, and analysis showed the radius pore size of as-synthesized ZSM-5 is 9.41 nm. This confirms that the as-synthesized ZSM-5 has mesopore properties. This as-synthesized ZSM-5 then was impregnated with Fe2O3 to improve its catalytic activity towards methane conversion reaction. The result of the catalytic test, both of Fe-impregnated synthetic (Fe/ZSM-5(A)) and as-synthesized ZSM-5 (ZSM-5(A)) has potential for conversion of methane to methanol with a percentage yield of methanol are 10.04 % and 13.12 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study has focused on the construction and I-V characterization of capped CdSe schottky diode. The organized triethanol-amine (TEA) capped CdSe nanoparticles solution was deposited on two different types of substrates, aluminum (Al) substrate and fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrate, by using the simple drop-casting deposition method. The results showed that ideality factor was equivalent to 8 and 11 for Al and FTO, respectively. Furthermore, the form and size of TEA capped-CdSe has been established by scanning electron microscope SEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current work, a nano-hybrid composite material consisting of a polyvinyl alcohol polymer (PVA) was prepared as a matrix material in which nanoparticles of titanium oxide (TiO2) diffused at a rate of 20% as a weight percentage of the weight of the polymer by means of direct physical mixing to form a colloidal solution. The visual as well as the formality by scanning electron microscope (SEM), XRD, FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy. The results of the XRD proved that the hybrid superposition is due to the presence of diffraction peaks belonging to the polymer as well as belonging to the titanium oxide. The optical properties were studied by means of the absorption spectrum of the nano-hybrid, and the direct energy gap was calculated, and it was approximately equal to 3.71 eV. The morphological characteristics, as shown by the transmission microscope images, were in the form of small spherical particles collected inside the polymer forming clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides some new insights into the gold nanoparticles on porous silicon formation and characterization. The porous silicon was prepared by Photo electrochemical etching method of n-type silicon wafer with orientation (100), resistivity (1.5-4 Ω.cm) and current density at 35 mA/cm2. This process involves using HF solution of 16% concentration at etching time 10 min and photo source of 100 m W/cm2. The laser ablation was carried out in this study in order to produce the gold nanoparticles using laser energy (300,400 and 500 m J). We have studied of surface properties of the prepared AuNPs/PSi samples by scanning electron microscope SEM and EDS analysis. The results showed of AuNPs/PSi heterojunction that the growth of the gold nanoparticles on porous silicon substrate have uniform and homogenous distribution and the formation of quasi-spherical AuNPs with a average dimeter of approximately 10 to 33 nm. Furthermore, the atoms ratio of gold nanoparticles increases with laser energy. The maximum value of Au atoms on porous silicon layer was found to be about0.94% atom at 500 mJ while the minimum values were found to be about 0.3%, 0.61% atom at 300mJ.and 4000mJ respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]