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By far, over the last couple of months, the day-to-day business activity of crude supply and demand in Indonesia has been in the position of barely touching the bottom line, moving disproportionally with the government's long- run strategic plan in providing sufficient energy supply for the consumers. The statistics have revealed the current energy supply realization is different than that of the last year. In brief, the performance of oil and gas export-import has been deeply disturbed since the global pandemic of Covid-19 broke out. This particular paper aims at portraying, from a macro perspective, the intricate nature of the oil and gas phenomenon, having many complexly interrelating variables. The methodology opted in this particular study is the multivariate linear regression to draw the complete picture of the relationship between the global pandemic and its profound impact on the oil and gas trade balance. The value of the originality of this study is to reveal the effect of a global pandemic to the Indonesia Economy at large and also to make suggestions to the policymakers, or other stakeholders in an effort to support the initiative of developing a strategic plan for the long-term sustainability of petroleum energy in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal, which reserve is still abundant, can be a vital primary energy source in Indonesia in the coming decade to substitute oil and gas. The oil and gas reserves has nearly depleted but they have not been compensated by other new and renewable energy sources. However, coal as a solid fuel cannot be used as versatile as liquid fuel, especially for transportation fuel. Therefore, it is important to study the coal liquefaction technology in order to substitute the petroleum based liquid fuel. Among other technologies, solvent coal liquefaction has an interesting potential since it usually employs moderate operating conditions and does not require as much hydrogen supply as other technologies. From this review, we found that the choice of solvent is important factor in coal liquefaction. Solvent polarity will affect the yield and the product composition. Another important factor is operating temperature. The solvent liquefaction rate will increase if the operating temperature is closer to the coal softening temperature. In the coal liquefaction process, coal particle size can be an essential element. Depending on the initial size, the particle may remain intact or may completely dissolved during the process, therefore it will significantly affect the extraction rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turbine meter is one of the measuring tools for natural gas which is commonly used in Indonesia. This is due to the ease of operation, wide measurement range and reliable measurement performance. However, in the operation of the piping network there are several technical things that makes the measurement anomalies. This study raises the case that occurred in the field, there was a decrease in the measurement performance of the meter due to damage to the blade rotor turbine meters in industry with usage ranging from 130-195 m3/hour. From the previous research, there have been similar studies in the case of crude oil. Modeling of the 16-blade rotor meter turbine G-400 was carried out using CFD of the steady-state simulation, isothermal, and realizable k-e turbulence models, varied for a flow rate of 65-650 m3/hour. The results showed that the decrease in the measurement performance of the turbine meter was 2.28% for a flow rate of 130 m3/hour on the damage to 1 turbine meter rotor blade, and decreased gradually as the number of damaged turbine meter rotor blades increased. A decrease in performance appears when 15 blades are broken by 32.52% for a flow rate of 130 m3/hour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]