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This paper investigates the coefficient of friction and wear rate of crude palm oil (CPO) and palm-mineral oil blend as lubricant in roller element bearing application at the room temperature. Contact between a rolling element and raceway in bearing is simply modeled as a pin-on-disc contact. Crude palm-based vegetable oil and its blend with a commercial mineral oil at a ratio of 1:1 by volume were used as lubricant in pin-on-disc contact tribometer. The commercial mineral oil was also evaluated for comparison purpose. Influence of palm-mineral oil composition is highlighted by comparing coefficient of friction and wear rates. The results exhibited that the blend of mineral oil and CPO has lower coefficient of friction and wear rate compared to the pure mineral oil or CPO 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the process of oxidative desulphurisation of oil with an initial sulphur content of 1.98% by weight. The process of oxidative desulphurisation was carried out with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a carbon black (CB) catalyst with cobalt and nickel applied together. During the process of oxidative desulphurisation, the influence of the catalyst amount, temperature and the duration of the process were studied. In addition, the influence of the nature of the selected extractant on the efficiency of extraction of oxidised sulphurcontaining compounds (OSC) was studied. It was found that the maximum degree of OSC extraction is achieved during the oxidation process in the presence of a catalyst in an amount of 1.0–1.3% by weight, a temperature of 50°C and a duration of 90 min. The degree of removal of OSC was more than 70%. Dimethylformamide (DMF) with a water content of 10% by volume was used as extractant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, palm olein oil was used to produce biodiesel by reducing the percentage of free fatty acids in the oil and then performing a transesterification reaction. biodiesel is one of the sources of alternative fuels. Palm olein oil had treated with sulfuric acid as a catalyst at a ratio of 0.25 wt%. The reaction took place at a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 3:1 at a temperature of 60 °C and stirred to 250 rpm and for 60 minutes after that, the methanol had separated from the oil. This process reduced the free fatty acid plant by 5%. The transesterification reaction was done by placing 50g of palm olein oil and the reaction had carried out with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, and the catalyst was 1wt%, where the reaction occurred at a temperature of 60 °C for 120 minutes and stirred at 300 rpm. The results of the produced 44.87g of biodiesel and12.34g of glycerin. Test showed an increase in dynamic viscosity, higher biodiesel density, lower calorific value, higher flashpoint, and a higher cetane number compared to fossil diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conversion of Calophyllum inophyllum L. oil into biodiesel using CaO Catalyst in a microwave assisted reactor catalyst through transesterification has been carried out. The transesterification process was carried out using the ratio of moles of methanol/oil, the amount of catalyst, the variation of time, and the variation of the weight of the catalyst. The biodiesel yield obtained was analyzed by FTIR and GC-MS. The results showed that the optimum biodiesel obtained was at a mole ratio of methanol/oil 1:15, the amount of catalyst was 5%, the variation of time was 60 minutes, and the variation of catalyst weight was 5%. From the results of the GC-MS test, it is known that biodiesel contains methyl 9.12-octadecadienoate, retention time 23.176 minutes, percentage 3.75% and m/z=294; methyl 9-octadecenoate as much as 11.92% at a retention time of 23,283 minutes and m/z=296. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems caused by fats, oils, and grease (FOG) in sewer systems have escalated over the years. FOG produced from households, restaurants, stalls, and food processing facilities have contaminated water resources through the sewer system. Thus, trace removal of oil from wastewater is a necessary measure to ensure minimal discharge of FOG into the environment. In the present study, due to the high volumes of coffee waste with no commercial value being generated daily, spent coffee grounds (SCG) were exploited as an oil adsorbent. However, due to their low hydrophobicity, SCG tend to have limited oil adsorption capacity. In this work, SCG underwent pre-treatment using alkali and were further modified with waste cooking oil (WCO) that contained free fatty acids (FFAs) at different ratios (1:10, 1:20, and 1:30) in order to enhance their oil adsorption performance. The performance of the synthesised adsorbents was tested in a batch adsorption process at different contact times. From the batch adsorption test, the highest oil adsorption capacity (2.807 ± 0.086 g/g) was observed using the 1:10 ratio of SCG to FFAs-WCO within 180 min of contact time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]